Towards a more democratic and climate friendly way of meeting housing need across England: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 18:15, 12 March 2020

What communities can do

demand that government and politicians at all levels of government tell the truth about the carbon cost of new housing development.
demand a more democratic system of meeting housing need
demand a system which allows local communities to consider environmental carrying capacity and carbon costs of development, and enables them to influence the level of development to align with national and local carbon reduction targets
support and encourage local politicians and other commentators who speak up against the undemocratic nature of the existing planning system
form alliances to advocate for a more democratic and climate friendly planning system, for example of all areas concerned about overdevelopment, or regional alliances
find and work with developers who explicitly concern themselves with the needs and wishes of local communities as determined and expressed by those local communities themselves, and more sustainable forms of housing

Campaigns

Enough is enough - Maidstone's Housing & Infrastructure, petition against housebuilding levels in Maidstone via cprekent.org.uk, added 17:18, 18 February 2020 (UTC)

Why it matters

"In the UK, the built environment as a whole is responsible for 42% of national emissions. The manner in which we produce, operate and renew our built environment continues to curtail biodiversity, pollute ecosystems and encourage unsustainable lifestyles." Architects Climate Action Network

"an absolutely groundbreaking result for climate justice".

"This judgment has exciting wider implications for keeping climate change at the heart of all planning decisions.

"It's time for developers and public authorities to be held to account when it comes to the climate impact of their damaging developments." Will Rundle, head of legal at the campaign group, Friends of the Earth, in response to Feb 27 Climate campaigners win Heathrow expansion case ^[1]

"The problems of housing affect most of us. The solutions need to involve all of us, too." Matthew Taylor, chief executive of the Royal Society of Arts, 2015 ^[2]

The carbon costs of new housing developments

New housing development has carbon costs from both the construction and use of the development.

It is arguable that the present system of carbon accounting does not adequately show, and make transparent, particularly to local communities affected, these carbon costs.

Given that Local plans cover several future years, this is especially of concern in the 2020's decade when as a nation, and as local communities, we should be reducing carbon costs.

The carbon costs associated with use of new housing developments has typically in recent years continued to lock us into, for the 2020's decade, yet more car dependency, when its clear we should be and should have been, promoting more sustainable means of transport.

Disempowered communities?

Under the present (eg as at Jan 2020) planning system local authorities and communities are effectively dictated to by central government over the housing provision they are required to make via Local Plans. Not only this but those that refuse to plan for the central government numbers are threatened with even higher numbers being imposed.

Concerning the level of housing provision local communities are expected to make, any climate concerns local communities may have are not in any way catered for in the Local plan system. Central governments position that climate concerns are irrelevant looks particularly perverse, even in the light of its own climate change legislation.

Citizens assemblies focused on housing

In recent years citizen's assemblies have been proposed as a potential solution to dealing with divisive and highly-politicised issues such as same-sex marriage, abortion, and decarbonisation measures.

The citizens’ assembly aims to reinstall trust in the political process by taking direct ownership of decision-making. To that end, citizens' assemblies intend to remedy the "divergence of interests" that arises between elected representatives and the electorate, as well as "a lack in deliberation in legislatures."

The global environmental movement Extinction Rebellion has called for citizen's assemblies on climate change to be used by governments to make decisions on climate and environmental justice. In the UK, Extinction Rebellion's 3rd demand is: 'government must create and be led by the decisions of a citizens’ assembly on climate and ecological justice.' ^W

Citizens assemblies focused on housing would aim to tackle housing need and fair, equitable and sustainable housing provision consistent with both carbon reduction targets and environmental carrying capacity of regions.

An England citizens assembly

An England citizens assembly could, with appropriate expert advice, consider national and regional housing need, fair and proportionate carbon reduction targets for housebuilding, ways of meeting housing need more sustainably at less carbon cost, and the environmental carrying capacity of regions.

Citizens, communities and government must insist that the housebuilding sector take full responsibility for its fair and proportionate share of carbon reduction as this is the best way to ensure that the transition to zero carbon is as fair as possible to all sections of society.

Regional citizens assemblies

Regional citizens assemblies could then follow a similar process to determine fair and reasonable targets for housebuilding across their region, again informed by carbon reduction targets and environmental carrying capacity of bioregions. In subsequent iterations of the planning cycle, the experience, concerns and expertise of regional citizens assemblies would feed back into the next national citizens assembly.

Community-led housing in the UK

In the UK, community-led housing currently constitutes less than 1% of housing stock. There have been attempts to stimulate increased growth, with mixed results. The most commonly known forms of community-led housing include: community land trusts, housing cooperatives, self–build, cohousing, and self-help housing. A range of legal models are in use in the UK to enable the delivery of community-led schemes. There is currently no legal definition of community-led housing. A draft definition was developed and presented for discussion in the House of Lords in March 2016 in relation to the Housing and Planning Act, where it was not progressed. ^W

Community Led Homes - "...community-led homes" across the UK. Your systems in your hands", The Alternative UK, Feb 13, 2019
Taking action: co-production in housing and regeneration, futureoflondon.org.uk, 11 April 2019 by Charli

News and comment

2020

Mar 12 Government plans "to bring Britain’s planning system into the 21st century" ^[3] Planning for the future, Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, March 2020. Para. 16, p 9 & para 22, p 11, refer to targets on decarbonisation, but no indication that communities themselves will be able to democratically influence amounts of new housing for their areas, and in relation to local climate reduction targets or environmental carrying capacity of their areas.

Feb 10 Kent: Gravesham residents form group to fight council's housing proposals, CPRE Kent ^[4]

Jan 28 Kent: Maidstone councillors of all political colours call on Government to ease housing targets ^[5]

Jan 21 New UK housing 'dominated by roads' ^[6] "... too many highways engineers are still approving roads that do not fully account for pedestrians and cyclists." Prof Matthew Carmona, University College London. Government poll suggests 76% of people think that for the sake of the environment, everyone should reduce their driving.

Jan 20 Kent: Sevenoaks sticks to its guns and refuses to withdraw draft Local Plan from examination, CPRE Kent ^[7] Council leader Peter Fleming: “It is clear to me the way this has been handled calls into question the integrity of the whole Plan-making system in this country… “To call into question an evidence-led approach comes to the root of our concerns with the actions of the inspector. If we are not to follow the evidence to make our Plan then the government may just as well dictate how many homes an area should have and then pick sites, we need to put an end to the thinly veiled charade that Local Plans are in any way locally led.”

2019

Oct 28 The housing crisis is at the heart of our national nervous breakdown, John Harris ^[8]

Oct 7 Biodiversity UK: Sir David Attenborough calls for new planning laws to protect nature ^[9]

Oct 3 More than a quarter of UK mammals face extinction ^[10]

Jun 12 ‘Filled to bursting with trees, woods and nature reserves’: greening the Green Belt by Friends of the Earth Innovation team ^[11]

Feb 4 Green Belt: the development pressure ramps up again ^[12]

2018

If we value rural Britain, we can’t build houses all over it, Simon Jenkins, Aug 6 ^[13]

2017

Kent targeted to take huge housing hit, Sep 27 ^[14]

Households in southern England urged to save water after dry winter, May 5 ^[15]

2015

Set up to fail, November 16 ^[16]

Resources

Networks

Data for Democracy, consider joining a network such as this to work on transparency of data and fair and reasonable estimates or projections of local housing need across the UK, particularly if concerned about Overdevelopment across the South, imbalance between North/South. If anyone interested... I'd love to hear from you Philralph (talk) 07:12, 5 January 2019 (PST)

Policies

Homes for all, letschangetherules.org

Video

Error in widget YouTube: Unable to load template 'wiki:YouTube'

Interwiki links

Drought in the United Kingdom ^W, 2009 Great Britain and Ireland floods ^W

External links

Who owns England? includes tools and resources for investigating land ownership
CPRE, the countryside charity - local and regional groups, cpre.org.uk

References Template:Attrib sca ref

[1] BBC News

[2] The Guardian, August 16, 2015

[3] v.uk

[4] @protectkent

[5] tonline.co.uk

[6] BBC News

[7] @protectkent

[8] The Guardian

[9] ws.co.uk

[10] BBC News

[11] um.com

[12] CPRE Kent

[13] The Guardian

[14] rekent.org.uk

[15] The Guardian

[16] re.org.uk

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[4]

[5]

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[16]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Housingneednews}}{{PhotowantedCASwikiUK}}
+{| cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0"
-'''This article''' focuses on understanding and interpreting projections of household formation, which are published periodically by the UK government
+|- valign="top"
+| style="background:white" width="52%"|
+{{PhotowantedCASwikiUK}}
+== What communities can do ==
+* demand that government and politicians at all levels of government tell the truth about the carbon cost of new housing development.
+* demand a more democratic system of meeting housing need
+* demand a system which allows local communities to consider environmental carrying capacity and carbon costs of development, and enables them to influence the level of development to align with national and local carbon reduction targets
+* support and encourage local politicians and other commentators who speak up against the undemocratic nature of the existing planning system
+* form alliances to advocate for a more democratic and climate friendly planning system, for example of all areas concerned about overdevelopment, or regional alliances
+* find and work with developers who explicitly concern themselves with the needs and wishes of local communities as determined and expressed by those local communities themselves, and more sustainable forms of housing
+== Campaigns ==
+*Enough is enough - Maidstone's Housing & Infrastructure, petition against housebuilding levels in Maidstone via [https://cprekent.org.uk/people/theres-a-petition-against-housebuilding-levels-in-maidstone-and-you-can-sign-it/  cprekent.org.uk], ''added 17:18, 18 February 2020 (UTC)''
+''see also [[Towards a more democratic and climate friendly way of meeting housing need across England#News and comment|News and comment]]''
+== Why it matters ==
 <blockquote>
-'The projections are not forecasts, estimates or predictions. They are based entirely on what might be expected to occur if previous trends continue and are heavily dependent on the assumptions involved. Such trends can and do change...' The Rt. Hon. John Prescott MP on the 1999 household projections, Hansard, 29 March 1999, column 471<br><br>
+"In the UK, the built environment as a whole is responsible for 42% of national emissions. The manner in which we produce, operate and renew our built environment continues to curtail [[biodiversity]], pollute ecosystems and encourage unsustainable lifestyles." [https://www.architectscan.org/ Architects Climate Action Network]
+:"an absolutely groundbreaking result for climate justice".
+:"This judgment has exciting wider implications for keeping climate change at the heart of all planning decisions.
+:"It's time for developers and public authorities to be held to account when it comes to the climate impact of their damaging developments." Will Rundle, head of legal at the campaign group, Friends of the Earth, in response to '''Feb 27''' Climate campaigners win Heathrow expansion case <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-51658693 BBC News]</ref>
 "The problems of housing affect most of us. The solutions need to involve all of us, too." Matthew Taylor, chief executive of the Royal Society of Arts, 2015 <ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/aug/16/matthew-taylor-we-must-face-difficult-truths-to-solve-housing-crisis The Guardian], August 16, 2015</ref>
 </blockquote>
-== Latest projections ==
+=== The carbon costs of new housing developments ===
-In mid '''March 2006''' the government published projections for the number of households expected to form in each English region over the next 20 years. These are the first nationally published projections to take account of '''2001''' census data, and are likely to influence the national debate about how many new homes are needed and where they should be built.
-Anyone interested in sustainable development and in particular how many houses are needed, and where, may find it useful to have an understanding of how projected numbers are arrived at, and alternative possible assumptions and approaches.
+New housing development has carbon costs from both the construction and use of the development.
-== Trend-based projections ==
+It is arguable that the present system of carbon accounting does not adequately show, and make transparent, particularly to local communities affected, these carbon costs.
-In order to calculate the household projections a number of assumptions are made, in respect of:
+'''Given that Local plans cover several future years, this is especially of concern in the 2020's decade when as a nation, and as local communities, we should be reducing carbon costs.'''
-* 'natural' population change - due to changes in births and deaths
-* net immigration from overseas
-* internal migration - from one region to another
-* the changing size and type of households that people live in, as they make choices to live with others (marriage, cohabitation) or on their own
-The assumptions made with regard to the last two of these can have significant influence on the resulting pictures of housing need portrayed by the projections. Assumptions made about  the changing size and type of households can significantly affect the apparent total size of housing need. Assumptions about internal migration can have significant impact on what the projections suggest about where housing might be needed. Small changes in the assumptions and data used can significantly affect the resulting projections.
+The carbon costs associated with use of new housing developments has typically in recent years continued to lock us into, for the 2020's decade, yet more car dependency, when its clear we should be and should have been, promoting more sustainable means of transport.
-A wide range of factors, such as changes in interest rates, household incomes and welfare benefits, can profoundly affect household formation rates. So can changes in national and local policy, lifestyles and the cost and availability of housing. There have also been concerns about the reliability of data, particularly at a sub-regional or local level.
+=== Disempowered communities? ===
-Some interest groups, for example, CPRE, the Campaign to Protect Rural England, do not accept the fundamentally unsound assumption that we should plan the future simply on the basis of what has happened in the past. According to the CPRE: "The Government officially abandoned this 'predict-and-provide' approach to planning for housing in 2000 in favour of a better-informed approach using the principles of 'plan, monitor and manage'. A crude 'predict and provide' approach conflicts with the emphasis in the Government's recent planning reforms to work towards a vision for the future of communities and their environment."
+Under the present (eg as at Jan 2020) planning system local authorities and communities are effectively dictated to by central government over the housing provision they are required to make via Local Plans. Not only this but those that refuse to plan for the central government numbers are threatened with even higher numbers being imposed.
-== North / South balance ==
+Concerning the level of housing provision local communities are expected to make, any climate concerns local communities may have are not in any way catered for in the Local plan system. Central governments position that climate concerns are irrelevant looks particularly perverse, even in the light of its own climate change legislation.
-CPRE is understandably concerned about environmental consequences of future house building on the countryside, but there are also questions about the appropriate balance between the north and south of England, for example in response to possible future [[Drought in South East England]] and other strategic concerns (such as regeneration of particular areas and regions). There's the question of how much this balance is in effect simply a policy choice.
+== Citizens assemblies focused on housing ==
-== Circular projections? ==
+In recent years [[Citizens' assembly|citizen's assemblies]] have been proposed as a potential solution to dealing with divisive and highly-politicised issues such as same-sex marriage, abortion, and decarbonisation measures.
-CPRE argue that the supply of housing influences the demand for it:. "Constructing new private housing in an area actively encourages in-migration, which in turn can lead to further demand in the future. Thus if planning and housing policies encourage a major exodus from larger towns and cities, that will lead to ongoing demand for new homes in the more rural areas in future decades.
+The citizens’ assembly aims to reinstall trust in the political process by taking direct ownership of decision-making. To that end, citizens' assemblies intend to remedy the "divergence of interests" that arises between elected representatives and the electorate, as well as "a lack in deliberation in legislatures."
-Since 2000, Government policy on planning for housing has secured important and valuable successes, including an increase in the proportion of new housing on previously developed ('brownfield') urban sites to over 70% and less wasteful use of housing land, with the average density rising to 40 dwellings per hectare. At the same time housebuilding levels have been rising; in 2005 they reached the highest figure for 16 years.
+The global environmental movement [[Extinction Rebellion]] has called for citizen's assemblies on [[climate change]] to be used by governments to make decisions on climate and environmental justice. In the UK, Extinction Rebellion's 3rd demand is: 'government must create and be led by the decisions of a citizens’ assembly on climate and ecological justice.' {{W|Citizens' assembly}}
-A return to a 'predict and provide' approach based on mechanical projections of past trends would undermine these achievements. This would lock us into a cycle of urban decline and countryside sprawl, with potentially grave social and environmental consequences."
+Citizens assemblies focused on housing would aim to tackle housing need and fair, equitable and sustainable housing provision consistent with both carbon reduction targets and environmental carrying capacity of regions.
-== An alternative approach ==
+=== An England citizens assembly ===
-CPRE argue that "the key relationship is between the total number of households and the total housing stock. Using data from the 2001 census, Alan Holmans (an acknowledged expert in this field) has estimated a current surplus of housing over households in every English region with the possible exception of London. Estimates of the number of new homes needed should look at the total housing stock, vacancy rates and other indicators of the efficiency with which it is used, such as under-occupation."
+An England citizens assembly could, with appropriate expert advice, consider national and regional housing need, fair and proportionate carbon reduction targets for housebuilding, ways of meeting housing need more sustainably at less carbon cost, and the environmental carrying capacity of regions.
-CPRE believes that in responding to household growth public policy should become less dominated by trend-based projections and take greater account of the implications for future lifestyles, quality of life and the quality of the environment. This requires a new approach to housing supply which takes as its starting point the Government's Sustainable Development Strategy and the recognition that development must respect environmental limits. Based on an understanding of the environmental capacity of places to accommodate new development and persistent regional disparities, this approach could take greater advantage of opportunities for urban renewal to meet wider social, economic and environmental objectives.
+Citizens, communities and government must insist that the housebuilding sector take full responsibility for its fair and proportionate share of carbon reduction as this is the best way to ensure that the transition to zero carbon is as fair as possible to all sections of society.
+=== Regional citizens assemblies ===
+Regional citizens assemblies could then follow a similar process to determine fair and reasonable targets for housebuilding across their region, again informed by carbon reduction targets and environmental carrying capacity of bioregions. In subsequent iterations of the planning cycle, the experience, concerns and expertise of regional citizens assemblies would feed back into the next national citizens assembly.
 == Community-led housing in the UK ==
@@ Line 51: / Line 74: @@
 *[https://www.communityledhomes.org.uk/ Community Led Homes] - "...community-led homes" across the UK. Your systems in your hands", [https://www.thealternative.org.uk/dailyalternative/2019/2/16/get-your-hands-on-the-system The Alternative UK], Feb 13, 2019
 *Taking action: co-production in housing and regeneration, [https://www.futureoflondon.org.uk/2019/04/11/co-production-housing-and-regeneration/ futureoflondon.org.uk], 11 April 2019 by Charli
+| style="background:khaki" |
+__TOC__
+== News and comment ==
+'''2020'''
+'''Mar 12''' Government plans "to bring Britain’s planning system into the 21st century" <ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/news/robert-jenrick-plans-for-the-future-to-get-britain-building gov.uk]</ref> [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/872091/Planning_for_the_Future.pdf Planning for the future], Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government, March 2020. Para. 16, p 9 & para 22, p 11, refer to targets on decarbonisation, but no indication that communities themselves will be able to democratically influence amounts of new housing for their areas, and in relation to local climate reduction targets or environmental carrying capacity of their areas.
+[[File:Kent1.jpg|240px|left]]
+'''Feb 10''' [[Kent]]: Gravesham residents form group to fight council's housing proposals, CPRE Kent <ref>[https://cprekent.org.uk/news/gravesham-residents-form-group-to-fight-councils-housing-proposals/ @protectkent]</ref>
+'''Jan 28''' [[Kent]]: Maidstone councillors of all political colours call on Government to ease housing targets <ref>[https://www.kentonline.co.uk/maidstone/news/government-told-to-ease-housing-targets-221048/ kentonline.co.uk]</ref><br clear=all>
+'''Jan 21''' New UK housing 'dominated by roads' <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-51179688 BBC News]</ref> "... too many highways engineers are still approving roads that do not fully account for pedestrians and cyclists." Prof Matthew Carmona, University College London. Government poll suggests 76% of people think that for the sake of the environment, everyone should reduce their driving.
+[[File:Kent1.jpg|140px|left]]
+'''Jan 20''' [[Kent]]: Sevenoaks sticks to its guns and refuses to withdraw draft Local Plan from examination, CPRE Kent <ref>[https://cprekent.org.uk/planning/sevenoaks-sticks-to-its-guns-and-refuses-to-withdraw-draft-local-plan-from-examination/  @protectkent]</ref> Council leader Peter Fleming: “It is clear to me the way this has been handled calls into question the integrity of the whole Plan-making system in this country…
+“To call into question an evidence-led approach comes to the root of our concerns with the actions of the inspector. If we are not to follow the evidence to make our Plan then the government may just as well dictate how many homes an area should have and then pick sites, we need to put an end to the thinly veiled charade that Local Plans are in any way locally led.”<br clear=all>
+'''2019'''
+'''Oct 28''' The housing crisis is at the heart of our national nervous breakdown, John Harris <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/oct/28/housing-crisis-houses-brexit-vote The Guardian]</ref>
+[[File:Lily2.jpg|140px|left]]
+'''Oct 7''' [[Biodiversity UK]]: Sir David Attenborough calls for new planning laws to protect nature <ref>[https://inews.co.uk/news/environment/sir-david-attenborough-calls-for-new-planning-laws-to-protect-nature-645206 inews.co.uk]</ref>
+'''Oct 3''' More than a quarter of UK mammals face extinction <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-49892209 BBC News]</ref><br clear=all>
+'''Jun 12''' ‘Filled to bursting with trees, woods and nature reserves’: greening the Green Belt by Friends of the Earth Innovation team <ref>[https://medium.com/@disruptiveinnovationteam/filled-to-bursting-with-trees-woods-and-nature-reserves-greening-the-green-belt-8a93512f8862 medium.com]</ref>
+'''Feb 4''' Green Belt: the development pressure ramps up again <ref>[https://cprekent.org.uk/green-belt/green-belt-the-development-pressure-ramps-up-again/ CPRE Kent]</ref>
+'''2018'''
+If we value rural Britain, we can’t build houses all over it, Simon Jenkins, Aug 6 <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/aug/06/planning-system-uk-landscapes-listing-rural-britain The Guardian]</ref>
+'''2017'''
+[[File:Kent1.jpg|140px|left]]
+[[Kent]] targeted to take huge housing hit, Sep 27 <ref>[https://cprekent.org.uk/housingnos/kent-targeted-take-incredible-two-thirds/ cprekent.org.uk]</ref><br clear=left>
+Households in southern England urged to save water after dry winter, May 5 <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/may/05/households-southern-england-urged-save-water-dry-winter The Guardian]</ref>
+'''2015'''
+Set up to fail, November 16 <ref>[http://www.cpre.org.uk/magazine/features/item/4167-set-up-to-fail cpre.org.uk]</ref>
 == Resources ==
@@ Line 56: / Line 128: @@
 === Networks ===
 *[[Data for Democracy]], '''''consider joining a network such as this to work on transparency of data and fair and reasonable estimates or projections of local housing need across the UK, particularly if concerned about Overdevelopment across the South, imbalance between North/South. If anyone interested... I'd love to hear from you [[User:Philralph|Philralph]] ([[User talk:Philralph|talk]]) 07:12, 5 January 2019 (PST)'''''
+=== Policies ===
+*Homes for all, [https://letschangetherules.org/policies-and-solutions/land letschangetherules.org]
+=== Video ===
+{{#widget:YouTube|id=PU0cxjXAeTU}}
 == See also ==
-*[[Drought in South East England]]
+*[[Saving water in South East England]]
 *[[Rural sustainability UK]]
 *[[Urban sustainability UK]]
 *[[Resources_UK#Citizens_data_initiative|Citizens data initiative UK]]
+*[[Extinction Rebellion]]
+*[[Citizens' assembly]]
+*[[XR and future democracy]]
 == Interwiki links ==
-Wikipedia: [[wikipedia:Drought in the United Kingdom|Drought in the United Kingdom]], [[wikipedia:2009 Great Britain and Ireland floods|2009 Great Britain and Ireland floods]]
+Drought in the United Kingdom {{W|Drought in the United Kingdom}}, 2009 Great Britain and Ireland floods {{W|2009 Great Britain and Ireland floods}}
 == External links ==
 *[https://whoownsengland.org/ Who owns England?] includes tools and resources for investigating land ownership
+*[https://www.cpre.org.uk/ CPRE], the countryside charity - local and regional groups, [https://www.cpre.org.uk/about-us/who-we-are/local-and-regional-groups/ cpre.org.uk]
+{{scaendmenuuk}}
+|}
-== References ==
+'''References'''
 {{Attrib sca ref|Understanding the need for new housing across England}}
-*[http://www.cpre.org.uk/news-releases/news-rel-2006/news-briefing-how-many-new-homes-do-we-need.htm CPRE News briefing], 10 March 2006
-*Holmans A.E., Housing and Dwellings in England in 1991 and 2001: A post-2001 Census Analysis, 2004.
 <references/>
-{{scaendmenu}}
 [[Category:UK sustainable community action topics]]
 [[category:England]]
 [[Category:Housing]]