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{{MOST literature review notice}} | |||
== Background == | == Background == | ||
This page is dedicated to the literature review of using affordable open source hardware to create a bench stand that to test small rankine cycle steam power plant devices. This task requires the following pieces: | This page is dedicated to the literature review of using affordable open source hardware to create a bench stand that to test small rankine cycle steam power plant devices. This task requires the following pieces: | ||
* Stands and fixture hardware | * Stands and fixture hardware | ||
* DAQ system | * DAQ system with Temperature, Pressure, RPM, Torque Transducers | ||
* Loading Device | * Loading Device | ||
Literature will be organized with these as catagroies for organizational purposes. | Literature will be organized with these as catagroies for organizational purposes. | ||
== Literature == | == Literature == | ||
=== | |||
=== Stands and fixture hardware === | |||
==== [https://opensource.com/article/20/7/open-source-test-automation-frameworks 9 open source test-automation frameworks<ref>Amit Dua. "9 open source test-automation frameworks." opensource.com: 06 Jul 2020.</ref>] ==== | |||
'''Abstract:''' A test-automation framework is a set of best practices, common tools, and libraries that help quality-assurance testers assess the functionality, security, usability, and accessibility of multiple web and mobile applications. In a "quick-click" digital world, we're accustomed to fulfilling our needs in a jiffy. This is one reason why the software market is flooded with hundreds of test-automation frameworks. | |||
Although teams could build elaborate automated testing frameworks, there's usually little reason to spend the money, resources, and person-hours to do so when they can achieve equal or even better results with existing open source tools, libraries, and testing frameworks. Other reasons to use existing open source test-automation frameworks is that they are: | |||
* Reusable | |||
* Easy to maintain | |||
* In need of minimum manual intervention | |||
* Stable in a volatile environment | |||
* Scalable | |||
==== [https://techbeacon.com/app-dev-testing/top-11-open-source-testing-automation-frameworks-how-choose 11 top open-source test automation frameworks: How to choose<ref>Joe Colantonio. "11 top open-source test automation frameworks: How to choose." Tech Beacon</ref>] ==== | |||
'''Abstract:''' If you're thinking about building your own test automation framework, think again. In most cases, you'd do better to consider one or more of the open-source options available. | |||
That's because, in general, a framework is a set of best practices, assumptions, common tools, and libraries that you can use across teams. You simply don't need to build one that's unique to your dev environment. A framework will help make your test automation code reusable, maintainable, and stable—and save your business from costly defects. After all, even minor bugs can lead to big problems. | |||
Teams that take these benefits to the extreme by building their own elaborate automation frameworks from scratch drive me crazy. That's because they could have easily made use of existing open-source tools and libraries that would have met their needs without writing any code—and, in most cases, with better results. | |||
While using open-source tools is usually a better option than building your own framework from scratch, I'm not saying open-source test automation tools are all you need. Once you understand how to choose the right test automation tool for each role in your organization, you may end up with a mix of commercial and open-source options. | |||
Here are the top open-source testing frameworks, and how to evaluate them. | |||
=== DAQ system === | |||
Need bullet summaries of all papers | |||
==== [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6808795 A low-cost open-source data acquisition system<ref>J.R. Blanco ; F.J. Ferrero ; M. Valledor ; J.C. Campo. "A low-cost open-source data acquisition system" IEEE.org</ref>] ==== | |||
'''Abstract:''' Data acquisition is present in several laboratory, test and production applications. In this paper, an USB controlled data acquisition device, especially suitable for use in both industrial and academic environments, is presented. It is a powerful learning tool, practical, easy to use, and low cost. Unlike other devices, it provides all the information about its inner design, both at hardware and software levels, and can be used without any restrictions as additional teaching material. We present an example of use. | |||
==== [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0263224114002206 Low-cost open-source multifunction data acquisition system for accurate measurements<ref>F .J.Ferrero Martín; M.Valledor Llopis; J.C.Campo Rodríguez; J.R. Blanco González; J. Menéndez Blancob. "Low-cost open-source multifunction data acquisition system for accurate measurements" Measurement Vol. 55</ref>] ==== | |||
'''Abstract:''' Engineers and scientists commonly use data acquisition hardware and software to research unknown characteristics through measurement and analysis. Computer-based data acquisition systems are a powerful, flexible, and cost-effective measurement solution. This paper presents the hardware and firmware design of a low-cost computer-based data acquisition system that can be very interesting for conducting laboratory experiments and industrial applications. Its open-source philosophy opens the door for free software users and developers that would be interested in contributing with the project. | |||
==== [https://doaj.org/article/073fe0b0a18a40628a48bdd7b0aaced4 Embedded DAQ System Design for Temperature and Humidity Measurement<ref>Tarique Rafique Memon, Irfan Ahmed Halepoto, Tayeb Din Memon. "Embedded DAQ System Design for Temperature and Humidity Measurement" Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2016;32(2):253-260</ref>] ==== | |||
'''Abstract:'''In this work, we have proposed a cost effective DAQ (Data Acquisition) system design useful for local industries by using user friendly LABVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Electronic Workbench). The proposed system can measure and control different industrial parameters which can be presented in graphical icon format. The system design is proposed for 8-channels, whereas tested and recorded for two parameters i.e. temperature and RH (Relative Humidity). Both parameters are set as per upper and lower limits and controlled using relays. Embedded system is developed using standard microcontroller to acquire and process the analog data and plug-in for further processing using serial interface with PC using LABVIEW. The designed system is capable of monitoring and recording the corresponding linkage between temperature and humidity in industrial unit's and indicates the abnormalities within the process and control those abnormalities through relays. | |||
=== Loading Device === | |||
==== [https://www.electronicdesign.com/power-management/whitepaper/21127182/simple-lowcost-dynamometer-setup-for-motor-testing-part-1 Simple, Low-Cost Dynamometer Setup for Motor Testing (Part 1)<ref>James Lockridge. "Simple, Low-Cost Dynamometer Setup for Motor Testing (Part 1)" electronicdesign.com</ref>] ==== | |||
'''Abstract:''' Properly designed, low-cost dynamometers are ideal for testing motors. Part 1 of this two-part series discusses the design decisions made by a University of Texas student group in developing a dynamometer using InstaSPIN-MOTION Lab 12b. | |||
'''''NOTE: Although InstaSPIN-MOTION IS not an open source MCU, the information in this guide is great and was worth putting in here''''' | |||
==== [https://www.electronicdesign.com/power-management/whitepaper/21130416/simple-lowcost-dynamometer-setup-for-motor-testing-part-2 Simple, Low-Cost Dynamometer Setup for Motor Testing (Part 2)<ref>James Lockridge. "Simple, Low-Cost Dynamometer Setup for Motor Testing (Part 2)" electronicdesign.com</ref>] ==== | |||
'''Abstract:''' The wrap-up article for this two-part series reveals the steps that went into creating the dynamometer with the help of the team from the University of Texas at Dallas. | |||
'''''NOTE: Although InstaSPIN-MOTION IS not an open source MCU, the information in this guide is great and was worth putting in here''''' | |||
==== [https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-042910-111757/unrestricted/HydroDyno_FinalReport.FINAL.pdf 2009-2010 Hydraulic Dynamometer<ref>Robert McNamee, Ian Monk, Thomas Page, Michael Taglieri. "2009-2010 Hydraulic Dynamometer" Worcester Polytechnic Institute</ref>] ==== | |||
'''Abstract:''' This report describes the design and construction of a hydraulic dynamometer as a research tool for testing engines and transmissions for the Mechanical Energy and Power Systems (MEPS) laboratory. A literature review was conducted to understand hydraulics, dynamometers, and data acquisition systems (DAQ), which was followed by a complete design of a hydraulic system. This dynamometer has both active and passive cycles. In both modes the dynamometer tests a machine under test (MUT) that drives a hydraulic pump/motor. A proportional valve imparts a load on the MUT by restricting flow and creating a pressure differential. A fluid conditioning loop comprised of a heat exchanger and filter is incorporated into the return line. In the active cycle the dynamometer can simulate regenerative braking using | |||
an external power source to create a flow at the inlet of the main pump/motor. This flow allows the MUT to do less work to pull the oil through the system. In the passive cycle the dynamometer is only absorbing energy and measuring power. There is a flow control valve prior to the main pump to switch between modes. Based on this design, a successfully functioning system was constructed. This project combined different disciplines including mechanical, manufacturing, systems, and electric and computer engineering to provide a tool to aid in future research within the MEPS laboratory. | |||
==== [http://web.archive.org/web/20200321130436/http://fccr.ucsd.edu/pubs/MMB13.pdf RAPID: An Inexpensive Open Source Dynamometer for Robotics Applications<ref>Nicholas Morozovsky, Robert Moroto, and Thomas Bewley. "RAPID: An Inexpensive Open Source Dynamometer for Robotics Applications" IEEE/ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS, VOL. 18, NO. 6, DECEMBER 2013</ref>] ==== | |||
'''Abstract:''' This paper describes the development of an automated dynamometer to characterize brushed direct current motors. The unique mechanical design allows the testing of a wide range of motor sizes. The motor under test is subjected to a given pulse width modulated voltage signal and position, current, and voltage measurements are simultaneously recorded from the integrated sensor suite. An electromechanical motor model is developed by combining the voltage and torque balance equations of the system. A least-squares algorithm is used to estimate the parameters that best fit the observed data to the specified gray box model. The system retains a low cost by using off-the-shelf electronics and cheaply fabricated mechanical parts. The inertia and friction of the system are carefully modeled, removing the need for an expensive torque sensor. The mechanical drawings, electrical schematics, and software are open source and freely available for download. Consistent parameter estimates from a set of hightolerance and well-documented identical motors demonstrate the accuracy and precision of the system. Index Terms—Actuator dynamics, dynamometer, friction modeling, parameter estimation. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | |||
{{Page data}} | |||
[[Category:MSE5621-2020]] | |||
Latest revision as of 17:59, 9 June 2023
Background[edit | edit source]
This page is dedicated to the literature review of using affordable open source hardware to create a bench stand that to test small rankine cycle steam power plant devices. This task requires the following pieces:
- Stands and fixture hardware
- DAQ system with Temperature, Pressure, RPM, Torque Transducers
- Loading Device
Literature will be organized with these as catagroies for organizational purposes.
Literature[edit | edit source]
Stands and fixture hardware[edit | edit source]
9 open source test-automation frameworks[1][edit | edit source]
Abstract: A test-automation framework is a set of best practices, common tools, and libraries that help quality-assurance testers assess the functionality, security, usability, and accessibility of multiple web and mobile applications. In a "quick-click" digital world, we're accustomed to fulfilling our needs in a jiffy. This is one reason why the software market is flooded with hundreds of test-automation frameworks.
Although teams could build elaborate automated testing frameworks, there's usually little reason to spend the money, resources, and person-hours to do so when they can achieve equal or even better results with existing open source tools, libraries, and testing frameworks. Other reasons to use existing open source test-automation frameworks is that they are:
- Reusable
- Easy to maintain
- In need of minimum manual intervention
- Stable in a volatile environment
- Scalable
11 top open-source test automation frameworks: How to choose[2][edit | edit source]
Abstract: If you're thinking about building your own test automation framework, think again. In most cases, you'd do better to consider one or more of the open-source options available.
That's because, in general, a framework is a set of best practices, assumptions, common tools, and libraries that you can use across teams. You simply don't need to build one that's unique to your dev environment. A framework will help make your test automation code reusable, maintainable, and stable—and save your business from costly defects. After all, even minor bugs can lead to big problems.
Teams that take these benefits to the extreme by building their own elaborate automation frameworks from scratch drive me crazy. That's because they could have easily made use of existing open-source tools and libraries that would have met their needs without writing any code—and, in most cases, with better results.
While using open-source tools is usually a better option than building your own framework from scratch, I'm not saying open-source test automation tools are all you need. Once you understand how to choose the right test automation tool for each role in your organization, you may end up with a mix of commercial and open-source options.
Here are the top open-source testing frameworks, and how to evaluate them.
DAQ system[edit | edit source]
Need bullet summaries of all papers
A low-cost open-source data acquisition system[3][edit | edit source]
Abstract: Data acquisition is present in several laboratory, test and production applications. In this paper, an USB controlled data acquisition device, especially suitable for use in both industrial and academic environments, is presented. It is a powerful learning tool, practical, easy to use, and low cost. Unlike other devices, it provides all the information about its inner design, both at hardware and software levels, and can be used without any restrictions as additional teaching material. We present an example of use.
Low-cost open-source multifunction data acquisition system for accurate measurements[4][edit | edit source]
Abstract: Engineers and scientists commonly use data acquisition hardware and software to research unknown characteristics through measurement and analysis. Computer-based data acquisition systems are a powerful, flexible, and cost-effective measurement solution. This paper presents the hardware and firmware design of a low-cost computer-based data acquisition system that can be very interesting for conducting laboratory experiments and industrial applications. Its open-source philosophy opens the door for free software users and developers that would be interested in contributing with the project.
Embedded DAQ System Design for Temperature and Humidity Measurement[5][edit | edit source]
Abstract:In this work, we have proposed a cost effective DAQ (Data Acquisition) system design useful for local industries by using user friendly LABVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Electronic Workbench). The proposed system can measure and control different industrial parameters which can be presented in graphical icon format. The system design is proposed for 8-channels, whereas tested and recorded for two parameters i.e. temperature and RH (Relative Humidity). Both parameters are set as per upper and lower limits and controlled using relays. Embedded system is developed using standard microcontroller to acquire and process the analog data and plug-in for further processing using serial interface with PC using LABVIEW. The designed system is capable of monitoring and recording the corresponding linkage between temperature and humidity in industrial unit's and indicates the abnormalities within the process and control those abnormalities through relays.
Loading Device[edit | edit source]
Simple, Low-Cost Dynamometer Setup for Motor Testing (Part 1)[6][edit | edit source]
Abstract: Properly designed, low-cost dynamometers are ideal for testing motors. Part 1 of this two-part series discusses the design decisions made by a University of Texas student group in developing a dynamometer using InstaSPIN-MOTION Lab 12b. NOTE: Although InstaSPIN-MOTION IS not an open source MCU, the information in this guide is great and was worth putting in here
Simple, Low-Cost Dynamometer Setup for Motor Testing (Part 2)[7][edit | edit source]
Abstract: The wrap-up article for this two-part series reveals the steps that went into creating the dynamometer with the help of the team from the University of Texas at Dallas. NOTE: Although InstaSPIN-MOTION IS not an open source MCU, the information in this guide is great and was worth putting in here
2009-2010 Hydraulic Dynamometer[8][edit | edit source]
Abstract: This report describes the design and construction of a hydraulic dynamometer as a research tool for testing engines and transmissions for the Mechanical Energy and Power Systems (MEPS) laboratory. A literature review was conducted to understand hydraulics, dynamometers, and data acquisition systems (DAQ), which was followed by a complete design of a hydraulic system. This dynamometer has both active and passive cycles. In both modes the dynamometer tests a machine under test (MUT) that drives a hydraulic pump/motor. A proportional valve imparts a load on the MUT by restricting flow and creating a pressure differential. A fluid conditioning loop comprised of a heat exchanger and filter is incorporated into the return line. In the active cycle the dynamometer can simulate regenerative braking using an external power source to create a flow at the inlet of the main pump/motor. This flow allows the MUT to do less work to pull the oil through the system. In the passive cycle the dynamometer is only absorbing energy and measuring power. There is a flow control valve prior to the main pump to switch between modes. Based on this design, a successfully functioning system was constructed. This project combined different disciplines including mechanical, manufacturing, systems, and electric and computer engineering to provide a tool to aid in future research within the MEPS laboratory.
RAPID: An Inexpensive Open Source Dynamometer for Robotics Applications[9][edit | edit source]
Abstract: This paper describes the development of an automated dynamometer to characterize brushed direct current motors. The unique mechanical design allows the testing of a wide range of motor sizes. The motor under test is subjected to a given pulse width modulated voltage signal and position, current, and voltage measurements are simultaneously recorded from the integrated sensor suite. An electromechanical motor model is developed by combining the voltage and torque balance equations of the system. A least-squares algorithm is used to estimate the parameters that best fit the observed data to the specified gray box model. The system retains a low cost by using off-the-shelf electronics and cheaply fabricated mechanical parts. The inertia and friction of the system are carefully modeled, removing the need for an expensive torque sensor. The mechanical drawings, electrical schematics, and software are open source and freely available for download. Consistent parameter estimates from a set of hightolerance and well-documented identical motors demonstrate the accuracy and precision of the system. Index Terms—Actuator dynamics, dynamometer, friction modeling, parameter estimation.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Amit Dua. "9 open source test-automation frameworks." opensource.com: 06 Jul 2020.
- ↑ Joe Colantonio. "11 top open-source test automation frameworks: How to choose." Tech Beacon
- ↑ J.R. Blanco ; F.J. Ferrero ; M. Valledor ; J.C. Campo. "A low-cost open-source data acquisition system" IEEE.org
- ↑ F .J.Ferrero Martín; M.Valledor Llopis; J.C.Campo Rodríguez; J.R. Blanco González; J. Menéndez Blancob. "Low-cost open-source multifunction data acquisition system for accurate measurements" Measurement Vol. 55
- ↑ Tarique Rafique Memon, Irfan Ahmed Halepoto, Tayeb Din Memon. "Embedded DAQ System Design for Temperature and Humidity Measurement" Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 2016;32(2):253-260
- ↑ James Lockridge. "Simple, Low-Cost Dynamometer Setup for Motor Testing (Part 1)" electronicdesign.com
- ↑ James Lockridge. "Simple, Low-Cost Dynamometer Setup for Motor Testing (Part 2)" electronicdesign.com
- ↑ Robert McNamee, Ian Monk, Thomas Page, Michael Taglieri. "2009-2010 Hydraulic Dynamometer" Worcester Polytechnic Institute
- ↑ Nicholas Morozovsky, Robert Moroto, and Thomas Bewley. "RAPID: An Inexpensive Open Source Dynamometer for Robotics Applications" IEEE/ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS, VOL. 18, NO. 6, DECEMBER 2013
