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== Search term: Cost of stamp sand == | == Search term: Cost of stamp sand == | ||
Gundlach Champion Gay, Michigan. | Gundlach Champion Gay, Michigan. Accessed July 6, 2018. [http://www.gcfirst.com/experience2/industrial-experience/gay-stamp-sand-beneficial-re-use-gay,-michigan.html. Gay Stamp Sand Beneficial Re-Use] <BR> | ||
* Potential uses for stamp sand include rock wool insulation, asphault roofing shingle granules, and copper extraction. | * Potential uses for stamp sand include rock wool insulation, asphault roofing shingle granules, and copper extraction. | ||
* Testing on the process of creating rock wool insulation is in process in Europe | * Testing on the process of creating rock wool insulation is in process in Europe | ||
* Initial testing on the shingles has been found acceptable | * Initial testing on the shingles has been found acceptable | ||
== Search term: Landfill tipping costs "stamp sand" == | |||
ProQuest. Accessed July 7, 2018. [https://search.proquest.com/openview/cbacd804157a31f6313c3bf57a4f8035/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y. Powering an Industry: The History of the Calumet and Hecla Electrical System and the Environmental Consequences Left Behind.] | |||
* Mining in the US today produces 2 billion tons of waste per year | |||
* Mines in Montana and Utah have similar levels of dangerous chemicals in their stamp sands | |||
* Stamp sands in Torch Lake contain polychlorinated biphenyl compound (PCB) which is proven to cause environmental harm | |||
==Other== | ==Other== | ||
http://esker.nmu.edu/Final%20TE%20copy.pdf | |||
* Because of the amount of stamp sands in the UP, complete removal is not realistic | |||
* To keep stamp sand on Gay beaches from migrating towards Traverse harbor, a revetment will be placed costing 1.62 million dollars. 2 maintenance dredges will be preformed as well which will add to a total project cost of 3.42 million dollars. | |||
== '''References''' == | == '''References''' == | ||
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* U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. “Health_Consultation_Torch_Lake_Area_Brownfields_March_23_1998_392790_7.Pdf.” Accessed July 6, 2018. https://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdch/Health_Consultation_Torch_Lake_Area_Brownfields_March_23_1998_392790_7.pdf. | * U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. “Health_Consultation_Torch_Lake_Area_Brownfields_March_23_1998_392790_7.Pdf.” Accessed July 6, 2018. https://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdch/Health_Consultation_Torch_Lake_Area_Brownfields_March_23_1998_392790_7.pdf. | ||
* Gundlach Champion - Gay Stamp Sand Beneficial Re-Use | Gay, Michigan. Accessed July 6, 2018. http://www.gcfirst.com/experience2/industrial-experience/gay-stamp-sand-beneficial-re-use-gay,-michigan.html. | * Gundlach Champion - Gay Stamp Sand Beneficial Re-Use | Gay, Michigan. Accessed July 6, 2018. http://www.gcfirst.com/experience2/industrial-experience/gay-stamp-sand-beneficial-re-use-gay,-michigan.html. | ||
* “Powering an Industry: The History of the Calumet and Hecla Electrical System and the Environmental Consequences Left behind - ProQuest.” Accessed July 7, 2018. https://search.proquest.com/openview/cbacd804157a31f6313c3bf57a4f8035/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y. | |||
Revision as of 21:07, 7 July 2018
| This is in a series of literature reviews on InGaN solar cells, which supported the comprehensive review by D.V.P. McLaughlin & J.M. Pearce, "Progress in Indium Gallium Nitride Materials for Solar Photovoltaic Energy Conversion"Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 44(4) pp. 1947-1954 (2013). open access Others: InGaN solar cells| InGaN PV| InGaN materials| InGan LEDs| Nanocolumns and nanowires| Optical modeling of thin film microstructure| Misc. |
Search term: Stamp Sand
Rasmussen, Thomas, Rolland Fraser, David S. Lemberg, and Robert Regis. Mapping Stamp Sand Dynamics: Gay, Michigan
- 25 billion kg of stamp sand deposited on Gay beaches
- Length of shoreline affected increased 2.4 km in 59 years
- 500 billion kg of total waste material from mines placed in and around Lake Superior
- Ore was crushed and rinsed in a water and chemical bath to extract copper
- Stamp sand beaches have little vegetation
W. Charles Kerfoot, Colin Brooks. “Gay Stamp Sands.” Accessed July 6, 2018. Gay Stamp Sands
- Stamp sand spreads out to occupy more shoreline over time
- Chemicals from stamp sand poison native fish and dam stream outlets
Search term: "Stamp sand" uses
Alfred a. United States US1310520A, issued July 22, 1919. Portland Cement and Conglomerate Copper Stamp Sand Composition
- Patent was created for a material to be used in flooring that will be exerted to unusual physical strain as well as in ship hulls
- Product is water impermeable
- Composition created using Portland cement and stamp sand obtained from Point Mills, Michigan
- Various sizes of sand used depending on desired result/product
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Health Consultation, Torch Lake
- Chemicals used to treat stamp sands to further extract copper include cupric ammonium carbonate, lime, pyridine oil, coal-tar and wood creosotes, pine oil, and xanthates
- 200 Million tons of stamp sand in and around Torch Lake
- Sand samples were tested and found to contain unsafe levels of arsenic, lead, and other semi-volatile organic chemicals
Search term: Cost of stamp sand
Gundlach Champion Gay, Michigan. Accessed July 6, 2018. Gay Stamp Sand Beneficial Re-Use
- Potential uses for stamp sand include rock wool insulation, asphault roofing shingle granules, and copper extraction.
- Testing on the process of creating rock wool insulation is in process in Europe
- Initial testing on the shingles has been found acceptable
Search term: Landfill tipping costs "stamp sand"
ProQuest. Accessed July 7, 2018. Powering an Industry: The History of the Calumet and Hecla Electrical System and the Environmental Consequences Left Behind.
- Mining in the US today produces 2 billion tons of waste per year
- Mines in Montana and Utah have similar levels of dangerous chemicals in their stamp sands
- Stamp sands in Torch Lake contain polychlorinated biphenyl compound (PCB) which is proven to cause environmental harm
Other
http://esker.nmu.edu/Final%20TE%20copy.pdf
- Because of the amount of stamp sands in the UP, complete removal is not realistic
- To keep stamp sand on Gay beaches from migrating towards Traverse harbor, a revetment will be placed costing 1.62 million dollars. 2 maintenance dredges will be preformed as well which will add to a total project cost of 3.42 million dollars.
References
- Rasmussen, Thomas, Rolland Fraser, David S. Lemberg, and Robert Regis. “Mapping Stamp Sand Dynamics: Gay, Michigan.” Journal of Great Lakes Research 28, no. 2 (January 2002): 276–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(02)70583-2.
- W. Charles Kerfoot, Colin Brooks. “Gay Stamp Sands.” Accessed July 6, 2018. http://spatial.mtri.org/stampsands/.
- Alfred a. United States US1310520A, issued July 22, 1919. https://patents.google.com/patent/US1310520A/en.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. “Health_Consultation_Torch_Lake_Area_Brownfields_March_23_1998_392790_7.Pdf.” Accessed July 6, 2018. https://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdch/Health_Consultation_Torch_Lake_Area_Brownfields_March_23_1998_392790_7.pdf.
- Gundlach Champion - Gay Stamp Sand Beneficial Re-Use | Gay, Michigan. Accessed July 6, 2018. http://www.gcfirst.com/experience2/industrial-experience/gay-stamp-sand-beneficial-re-use-gay,-michigan.html.
- “Powering an Industry: The History of the Calumet and Hecla Electrical System and the Environmental Consequences Left behind - ProQuest.” Accessed July 7, 2018. https://search.proquest.com/openview/cbacd804157a31f6313c3bf57a4f8035/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y.