Stamp sand literature review: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:16, 8 July 2018

Rasmussen, Thomas, Rolland Fraser, David S. Lemberg, and Robert Regis. Mapping Stamp Sand Dynamics: Gay, Michigan

25 billion kg of stamp sand deposited on Gay beaches
Length of shoreline affected increased 2.4 km in 59 years
500 billion kg of total waste material from mines placed in and around Lake Superior
Ore was crushed and rinsed in a water and chemical bath to extract copper
Stamp sand beaches have little vegetation

W. Charles Kerfoot, Colin Brooks. “Gay Stamp Sands.” Accessed July 6, 2018. Gay Stamp Sands

Patent was created for a material to be used in flooring that will be exerted to unusual physical strain as well as in ship hulls
Product is water impermeable
Composition created using Portland cement and stamp sand obtained from Point Mills, Michigan
Various sizes of sand used depending on desired result/product

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Health Consultation, Torch Lake

Chemicals used to treat stamp sands to further extract copper include cupric ammonium carbonate, lime, pyridine oil, coal-tar and wood creosotes, pine oil, and xanthates
200 Million tons of stamp sand in and around Torch Lake
Sand samples were tested and found to contain unsafe levels of arsenic, lead, and other semi-volatile organic chemicals

Gundlach Champion Gay, Michigan. Accessed July 6, 2018. Gay Stamp Sand Beneficial Re-Use

Potential uses for stamp sand include rock wool insulation, asphault roofing shingle granules, and copper extraction.
Testing on the process of creating rock wool insulation is in process in Europe
Initial testing on the shingles has been found acceptable

Mining in the US today produces 2 billion tons of waste per year
Mines in Montana and Utah have similar levels of dangerous chemicals in their stamp sands
Stamp sands in Torch Lake contain polychlorinated biphenyl compound (PCB) which is proven to cause environmental harm

Quincy Mine began to have a surplus of excess mine rock and used the Portage Canal shores as a dumping ground

Because of the amount of stamp sands in the UP, complete removal is not realistic
To keep stamp sand on Gay beaches from migrating towards Traverse harbor, a revetment will be placed costing 1.62 million dollars. 2 maintenance dredges will be preformed as well which will add to a total project cost of 3.42 million dollars.

Rasmussen, Thomas, Rolland Fraser, David S. Lemberg, and Robert Regis. “Mapping Stamp Sand Dynamics: Gay, Michigan.” Journal of Great Lakes Research 28, no. 2 (January 2002): 276–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(02)70583-2.
W. Charles Kerfoot, Colin Brooks. “Gay Stamp Sands.” Accessed July 6, 2018. http://spatial.mtri.org/stampsands/.
Alfred a. United States US1310520A, issued July 22, 1919. https://patents.google.com/patent/US1310520A/en.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. “Health_Consultation_Torch_Lake_Area_Brownfields_March_23_1998_392790_7.Pdf.” Accessed July 6, 2018. https://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdch/Health_Consultation_Torch_Lake_Area_Brownfields_March_23_1998_392790_7.pdf.
Gundlach Champion - Gay Stamp Sand Beneficial Re-Use | Gay, Michigan. Accessed July 6, 2018. http://www.gcfirst.com/experience2/industrial-experience/gay-stamp-sand-beneficial-re-use-gay,-michigan.html.
“Powering an Industry: The History of the Calumet and Hecla Electrical System and the Environmental Consequences Left behind - ProQuest.” Accessed July 7, 2018. https://search.proquest.com/openview/cbacd804157a31f6313c3bf57a4f8035/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y.
“Final TE Copy.Pdf.” Accessed July 7, 2018. http://esker.nmu.edu/Final%20TE%20copy.pdf. Migrating Stamp Sand Mitigation Plan Technical Evaluation
Leopold, Dennis H. “Quincy and Torch Lake Railroad Engine House Facility Management and Interpretive Plan,” n.d., 71.

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