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- solar cell powered airport
- "solar cell" visible spectrum absorbance
- solar cell to power grid
- solar cell anti-glare
Lit. reivew
1.Chen, D. Anti-reflection (AR) coatings made by sol–gel processes: A review. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 68, 313–336 (2001).
Traditionally, various vacuum-based processes, depending on material systems and properties, and chemical etching process have been used for producing different types of anti-reflection (AR) coating on different substrate materials. In this paper, the development of sol–gel derived AR coating on different substrates for various applications in the past 40 years are reviewed. These coatings possess good uniformity in thickness and properties which have met requirements for various applications. The major approaches to fabricate AR coating and their characteristics have been discussed. This paper outlines the major solution coating processes and design principles of AR coatings. Major fabrication processes used in AR coating technologies have been compared. Different solution chemistries developed for producing different materials for AR coating preparation have been extensively reviewed. The optical performance of different types of sol–gel-derived AR coatings have been summarized and comparison to the commercial AR coating produced by traditional technologies have been discussed. The sol–gel AR coating has been shown to possess comparable or superior performance to those produced by vacuum-based processes.
Notes:
- Described how to use sol-gel technology to derive AR coating
- Compared sol-gel derived AR coating to other commercial coating
- Sol-gel derived AR coating fabrication methods, include dip coating, spin coating and meniscus coating.
- Described coating on different substrates, like glass or plastic.
Potential contribution to project: Focused on low-cost AR coating may could apply on solar cells in airport to prevent glare.
2.Raut, H. K., Ganesh, V. A., Nair, A. S. & Ramakrishna, S. Anti-reflective coatings: A critical, in-depth review. Energy & Environmental Science 4, 3779 (2011).
Anti-reflective coatings (ARCs) have evolved into highly effective reflectance and glare reducing components for various optical and opto-electrical equipments. Extensive research in optical and biological reflectance minimization as well as the emergence of nanotechnology over the years has contributed to the enhancement of ARCs in a major way. In this study the prime objective is to give a comprehensive idea of the ARCs right from their inception, as they were originally conceptualized by the pioneers and lay down the basic concepts and strategies adopted to minimize reflectance. The different types of ARCs are also described in greater detail and the state-of-the-art fabrication techniques have been fully illustrated. The inspiration that ARCs derive from nature (‘biomimetics’) has been an area of major research and is discussed at length. The various materials that have been reportedly used in fabricating the ARCs have also been brought into sharp focus. An account of application of ARCs on solar cells and modules, contemporary research and associated challenges are presented in the end to facilitate a universal understanding of the ARCs and encourage future research.
Notes:
- Described how the AR coating works.
- State-of-the-art fabrication of AR coating.
Potential contribution to project: develop a suitable AR coating which could apply on solar cells in airport to prevent glare.
3.Park, S. H. et al. Bulk heterojunction solar cells with internal quantum efficiency approaching 100%. Nat Photon 3, 297–302 (2009).
We report the fabrication and measurement of solar cells with 6% power conversion efficiency using the alternating co-polymer, poly[N-9-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole) (PCDTBT) in bulk heterojunction composites with the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl C70-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM). The PCDTBT/PC70BM solar cells exhibit the best performance of any bulk heterojunction system studied to date, with JSC = 10.6 mA cm-2, VOC = 0.88 V, FF = 0.66 and e = 6.1% under air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5 G) irradiation of 100 mW cm-2. The internal quantum efficiency is close to 100%, implying that essentially every absorbed photon results in a separated pair of charge carriers and that all photogenerated carriers are collected at the electrodes.
Notes:
- A successful demonstration that using certain co-polymer could achieve close to 100% internal quantum efficiency in heterojunction solar cells
Potential contribution to project: a better design to solar cell which could apply to the airport.