Snow effects on PV Lit review: Difference between revisions

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"hydrophobic coatings"
"nakajima hashimoto thin solid films"
"preparation of hard super hydrophobic visible light"
"takai lake louise composites snow"
"simple hydrophobic film"

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"Composites: Design for performance"

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"Recent Studies on Super-Hydrophobic Films"

Part I: Developing Hydrophobic Thin Film Coatings

Zhang, X., Jarn, M., Peltonen, J., Pore, V., Vuorinen, T., Levanen, E., Mantyla, T., Analysis of roughness parameters to specify superhydrophobic antireflective boehmite films made by the sol-gel process, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 28, 2177-2181, (2008).

Tag: Snow and PV, super-hyrdophobic, antireflective

In this paper, superhydrophobic antireflective boehmite (AlOOH) films were made with different optical transmittances by varying the heat-treatment temperatures and the film thicknesses. A set of roughness parameters was determined to characterize the superhydrophobic property and the antireflective property. The aim is not only to identify the superhydrophobic property but also to specify the antireflective property by the roughness parameters. The superhydrophobic antireflective boehmite films were made from aluminum tri-sec-butoxide, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl acetoacetate and (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl) trimethoxy-silane. Two different sols were produced and spun coated on glass slides. By varying the heat-treatment temperatures and the film thicknesses the superhydrophobic and antireflective properties were tuned. Three slides with sol-A were produced and heat treated at 100C, 300C and 500C. Contact angles were 103, 152, 152 degrees respectively will optical transmittance of all three greater than that of reference glass (92-96%). Two slides with sol-B coatings were treated at 300C. They both produced contact angles of 154 degrees and excellent optical transmittance. B1-300 yielded 95-96% transmittance over the whole wavelength range.

Scmidt, D., Coburn, C., Dekoven, B., Potter, G., Meyers, G. & Fischer, D., Water-based non-stick hydrophobic coatings,Nature 368, 39 - 41, (03 March 1994).

Tag: reactive perfluoroalkyl polymeric surfactants

This article investigates the suitability of RPPS as non-stick coatings when cross linked and cured with reactive ionic functionalities such as carboxylate and phenate. They found an effective an effective crosslinking approach was to react ammonium-carboxylate functional RPPS with a poly-IPO based crosslinking agent. Solutions with both compounds were stable until applied to the surface and loss of ammonia and solvent, then amide-ester crosslinks were formed. Various RPPS' were prepared by copolymerizing acrylate or methylacrylate esters of fluoroalkyl alcohols with carboxylic acid functional vinyl monomers. Crosslinking of final film was varied by controlling the initial mole ratios of carboxylate to oxazoline in poly-IPO when reacted with RPPS. The wettability of these films was compared using tilt angle measurements (more sensitive than theta c)....

Ma, Y., Cao, X., Feng, X., Ma, Y., Zou, H., Fabrication of super-hydrophobic film from PMMA with intrinsic water contact angle below 90 degrees

Tag: hydrophobic surfaces without low surface energy materials, polymer modification, selective solvent treatment

A super-hydrophobic film was created without the surface modification of low surface energy materials such as fluorides by synthesizing a polystyrene (PS)-PMMA film and treating with warm cyclohexane. The mixture of PMMA and PS was dissolved in THF to 5 wt%, then films were spin-cast to glass slides. Finally, the coatings were exposed to warm cyclohexane. The spin-cast films were initially transparent, but turned translucent following cyclohexane exposure, indicating the possible formation of micro-structures in the film by removal of PS. CAs with water as high as 154 degrees were reported.

Nakajima, A., Saiki, C., Hashimoto, K., & Wantanabe T., Processing of roughened silica film by coagulated colloidal silica for super-hydrophobic coating,Journal of Materials Science Letters 20, 1975-1977, (2001).

Tag: super-hydrophobic surfaces

This article discusses the production of two different silica films coagulated with collodial silica suitable for super-hydrophobic coatings. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 36% hydrochloric acid solution were mixed with ethanol and stirred for 19 hours, then collodial silica were added. Two different silicas were employed: methanol-based collodial silica (MA-ST), and methylethylketone-based (MEK-ST). Pyrex plates were spin coated five times to produce ~500nm silica films. Next, an ethanolic solution of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane was hydrolyzed by water. This silane solution was then evaporated and deposited on the silica films, producing hydrophobic coatings on glass plates. MEK-based collodial silica yielded lower degrees of sliding at all water drop masses. The transmission of 500nm light through the MEK-based coating was approximately 90%.

Nakajima, A., Abe, K., Hashimoto, K., Watanabe, T., Preparation of hard super-hydrophobic films with visible light transmission,Thin Solid Films 376, Issues 1-2, 140-143, (2000).

Tag: surface roughness, fluoroalkylsilanes

This article investigates super-hydrophobic coatings (contact angles greater that 150 degrees) due to the inhibition of snow sticking or water resistance. Surface roughness is necessary for hydrophobicity, but it induces scattering of light. In order to satisfy both hydrophobicity and light transmission, precise control of surface roughness is thus required. This requirement was achieved by the utilization of a sublimable compound and a fluoroalkylsilane coating.

Nakajima, A., Abe, K., Hashimoto, K., Watanabe, T., Invited Review Recent Studies on Super-Hydrophobic Films, Chemical Monthly 132, 31-41 (2001).

Tag: review article

Nakajima, A., Design of a transparent hydrophobic coating, Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 112 [10], 533-540, (2004).

Tag: review article