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{{Template:ENGR215inprogress|CHANGE THIS TO THE DATE OF FINALS WEEK}}
[[File:AZDCteamPic.PNG|thumb|Connor White, Dustin Helliwell, Zachary Alva, Abdul Khalik Kamaal]]


==Abstract==
{{Project data
''One paragraph summary of your project from background to discussion and next steps.''
| authors = User:Cw257, User:Dhelliwell, User:Ak253, User:Za20
| status = Deployed
| completed = 2019
| cost = USD 59.29
| location = Arcata, California
}}
 
Six Rivers Charter High School (abbrev. Six Rivers) in Arcata, California has a garden and outdoor learning space located at the bottom of a hill below the main classrooms. The staircase originally connecting the space to the rest of the school had fallen deep into disrepair and sorely needed to be replaced this year (Fall 2019). The team spent a few weeks researching pathway and stair design, slope stabilization, retaining walls, pathway construction, erosion control, and native plants before meeting with Six Rivers' Principal Ron Perry to establish their personal criteria for the design. The team was tasked with designing a pathway that is safe, wheelbarrow accessible, widely plantable, cost effective, ecologically sound and aesthetically pleasing. The primary objective of our design was on functionality and durability.
 
PDF - Full report of [https://www.appropedia.org/File:AZDC_215SRCHSPATHWAY_F19.pdf SRCHS pathway project]
 
<gallery title="Before Construction">
File:AZDC building ORIGINALSTAIRCASE.jpg|Original staircase (Sept. 2019).
File:AZDC building PREWORKHILLSIDEFRONTVIEW.jpg|East facing perspective from tool shed (Sept. 2019).
File:AZDC building SWITCHBACKPREWORK.jpg|View from switchback (Sept. 2019).
</gallery>


There should be an image near the top.
== Problem Statement and Criteria ==


== Background ==
[[File:AZDCfinalTireWall.PNG|thumb]]
 
The top priorities for any trail/pathway are safety and accessibility, and the importance of other criteria is situation specific. For this project labor intensity and cost are very important because without prioritizing these the project may not have been able to reach completion in time. Remaining criteria is valued with respect to education.
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Criteria
! Weight (out of 10)
|-
| Safety and Accessibility
| 10
|-
| Labor Intensity
| 9
|-
| Cost
| 7
|-
| Plantability
| 7
|-
| Ecology
| 6
|-
| Maintenance
| 5
|-
| Educational Value
| 4
|-
| Aesthetic
| 4
|}


== Prototyping ==


== Problem statement and criteria ==
The first prototype was constructed out of drywall compound, chicken wire, and magazines on a plywood frame. The clam-shell cement blocks are represented by the colorful foam blocks, the urbanite retaining wall is represented by the black foam blocks, and the compact earth tire wall is represented by the slices of wine cork. The first problem posed was the sharp inside angle of the switchback. The fact that this would present an issue was confirmed by the second prototype which involved carving into the construction site. As a result of the prototyping process, the team chose to extend the landing section of the trail farther back into the hillside to allow for a gentler inside angle on the switchback. The prototype was tested by showing it to Cal Poly Humboldt engineering students who gave their opinions of what could be improved on and what could be potentially problematic or unsafe.
Use sortable table.


== Description of final project ==
<gallery title="First and Second Prototypes">
Photos and descriptions. Use gallery (https://www.appropedia.org/Help:Images#Galleries (Links to an external site.)).
File:LabledProto.PNG|'''First Prototype''': Prototype with labels to aid in getting feed back from stake holders and experts.
File:AZDC building Prototype2.png.JPG|'''First Physical Prototype''': Image of the first cuts into the hillside at Six Rivers.
</gallery>


Include a how to use and maintain section. See the how to template below.
== Description of Final Design ==


===Prototyping===
=== Final Design ===


Use a gallery of prototyping photos and lessons learned.
The final design shown below addresses the client criteria and insight gained through the prototyping process. The full length of the pathway is approximately 90' and the area of the landing is approximately 35 square feet. The bottom of the pathway to the landing is supported by a 66' urbanite retaining wall that expands upon a pre-existing concrete block retaining wall. The landing is supported by a compact earth tire retaining wall measuring approximately 54" high by 13' wide, and comprised of 24 tires arranged hexagonally. The portion of the pathway between the top and the landing does not require reinforcement. The pathway surface is composed of three layers: tamped earth as the base, a mixture of sand and gravel in the middle, and mulch on top. Outsloping of the pathway and Coweeta dips were used for drainage, and a combination of ripraps, straw, and grass seed were utilized as temporary erosion control for remaining bare slopes. All elements of the design were produced as planned to the satisfaction of the team as well as the client.


<gallery>
File:AZDC FInal Trail1.jpg|'''Garden Pathway''': Landing at the switchback.
File:AZDC Final Trail2.jpg|'''Final Trail''': Close up of the retaining wall structures and pathway.
File:AZDC Final Trail3.jpg|'''Final Trail''': Overview of the final trail.
File:AZDC WhiteCAD.PNG|AutoCAD rendering of final design placement and dimensions (top view).
File:AZDC AlvaCAD.PNG|AutoCAD rendering of final design placement and dimensions (east facing view).
</gallery>


=== Costs ===
=== Costs ===
Use [[Help:Table_examples#Cost_Table]].


==Testing Results==
{| class="wikitable"
! Quantity
! Material or Service
! Source
! Cost ($)
|-
| As needed
| Materials Transportation
| Father of Dustin
| 46.91
|-
| 1
| Hay Bale
| Three G's Hay and Grain
| 8.62
|-
| 1 bag
| Grass Seed
| Mad River Gardens
| 3.76
|-
| As needed
| Recycled Concrete
| Donated by: Figas Construction
| 0
|-
| As needed
| Tires
| Donated by: Anonymous
| 0
|-
| 1 cubic meter
| Wood Chips
| Free pile located at the Indianola Cuttoff
| 0
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan="3"|Total Cost
! 59.29
|}
 
== How to build ==
 
=== Compact Earth Tire Retaining Wall ===
 
{{Step
| number = 1
| text = [[File:AZDC building SOURCINGURBANITE.JPG|thumb]]Determine how many tires will be required for the wall by measuring the diameter and height of the tires to be built with. Then measure the height and width of the wall to be built and calculate how many tires will need to be in each row. This will determine the width and depth of the foundation.
| image = AbdulKhalikKamaalACAD3.PNG
}}
 
{{Step
| number = 2
| text = Prepare the wall site by leveling and tamping down the soil where the first row of tires will be placed.
| image = AZDC building FIRST ROW.PNG
}}
 
{{Step
| number = 3
| text = Place the first row of tires neatly in a line and use a level to flatten them as evenly as possible. Place cardboard inside tire to cover the bottom hole. This prevents dirt from spilling out through the bottom as it is filled. The photo to the left demonstrates measuring the cardboard to be cut before it is inserted into the tire.
| image = AZDCtireWallCardboard.PNG
}}
 
{{Step
| number = 4
| text = Pack the first row! It is most efficient to have one person shoveling scoops of earth into the tire while one person packs it using a tamper, sledge hammer, or similar tool. If the local soil is particularly dry it is best to lightly dampen the soil to help it bind to itself.<br>'''Note 1''': Minimize plant/organic matter from mixing into the soil. Organic matter will decompose over time and this can cause the fill to shrink which could compromise the strength of the tire.<br>'''Note 2''': Be sure to pack in the sides of the tire. As you fill the tire it will be come increasingly difficult to compact the sides so a handheld sledge is recommended for this.
| image = AZDCtireWall.PNG
}}
 
{{Step
| number = 5
| text = Place the second row of tires, staggering them such that they line up as in the photos for steps 5 and 6, and leveling them to be flat.
| image = File:AZDC building TIREROW2.2.PNG
}}
 
{{Step
| number = 6
| image = AZDC building TIREROW2.PNG
}}
 
{{Step
| number = 7
| text = Fill the second row by repeating steps 3 and 4.
}}
 
{{Step
| number = 8
| text = Repeat the steps taken to produce the second row of tires and repeat until the final row has been finished.
| image = AZDCtireWallConstructions.PNG
}}
 
{{Step
| number = 9
| text = '''Optional''': Use your tires as planters by shallowly digging into them. The tires function well as planters and roots will add additional strength, but digging too deeply into them can compromise the strength of the soil that has been packed in. Placing above ground bottomless planters on the center hole of a tire is the recommended method.
| image = AZDCfinalTireWall.PNG
}}
 
=== Urbanite Retaining Wall ===
 
The urbanite retaining wall described below is constructed from recycled concrete. Pieces of concrete with one flat side such as those sourced from old sidewalk are ideal, but not critical. This type of retaining wall is known as a gravity wall because it does not have anything anchoring the wall to solid ground. The strength and stability of this design is rooted in it's sheer weight, so it is important to remember that the sum mass of urbanite used is proportionate to the overall strength of the wall.
 
{{Step
| number = 1
| text = Determine where your retaining wall will lay and mark it's path with string.
| image = AZDCwallRope.PNG
}}
 
{{Step
| number = 2
| text = Create a foundation layer by digging out all loose dirt, tamping firm the earth that your first layer of urbanite will be placed on, and level it.
}}
 
{{Step
| number = 3
| text = Starting at one end of your wall set one block at a time choosing the heaviest pieces. Using the heaviest pieces on the bottom layer will give the greatest structural integrity.
| image = AZDC building SOURCINGURBANITE.JPG
}}
 
{{Step
| number = 4
| text = Moving along the string, set another piece of urbanite next to the first piece, nestling them together such that the edges "lock" into place.
| image = AZDC Building.gif
}}
 
{{Step
| number = 5
| text = Fill in gaps between the blocks using a combination of soil and gravel. Massage the fill into place using tools before packing it in firmly so that fill can reach the most inner spaces.
| image = AZDC building URBANITEROW1.PNG
}}
 
{{Step
| number = 6
| text = Repeat steps 4 and 5 until the first layer is complete.<br>'''Note''': It is highly recommended that each block be firmly stabilized before moving on to subsequent blocks, rather than completing the entire row and returning to check stability of individual blocks afterwards. Check each block's stability by tapping it with your foot. If it wiggles in place then it has not been set firmly enough and must either have additional side/backfilling, or increased lateral support by adjusting the placement of adjacent blocks. This is difficult to do once the entire row is complete because adjusting the placement of any one piece will alter the placement of the blocks touching the one being adjusted.
}}
 
{{Step
| number = 7
| text = Once the first row is firmly placed and stabilized, place the second row just as you did in steps 4 and 5. Use the heaviest blocks available.
| image = AZDCheavyBlocks.PNG
}}
 
{{Step
| number = 8
| text = Create as many rows as your project calls for, always checking for and addressing points of instability.<br>'''Note''': Optional measures for additional securing of blocks such mortar, cobb filler, and newly poured cement can be used, but are not critical to the structure.
| image = AZDCretWallFinal.PNG
}}
 
=== Trail Placement ===
 
{{Step
| number = 1
| text = Sketch potential layouts.
| image = AZDC building TRAILPLACEMENT.JPG
}}
 
{{Step
| number = 2
| text = Layout trail with string and / or ruff digging.
| image = AZDC Layout pic.PNG
}}
 
{{Step
| number = 3
| text = Formalize layout.
| image = AZDC HelliwellCAD.PNG
}}
 
=== Path Surface ===


==How to build==
{{Step
Use [[Template:How_to]]
| number = 1
| text = Armor the trail with a hard material such as gravel.
| image = File:AZDC Gravel.PNG
| caption = Backpack frame bike trailer
}}


{{Step
| number = 2
| text = Tamp any loose material to add strength to trail surface.
| image = File:AZDC Tamping.PNG
| caption = Aleiha's parabolic solar cooker
}}
{{Step
| number = 3
| text = Provide an easy walking surface such as wood chips.
| image = File:AZDC Chips.PNG
| caption = Important info
}}


== Maintenance ==
== Maintenance ==


Introduce this maintenance section.
This section details the known and anticipated maintenance that this design will require to remain functional and cosmetically intact. It is designed with the intent of being maintained by the students alone.


=== Schedule ===
=== Schedule ===


This is when to maintain what.
;Daily


;Daily
* Plant care: watering and fertilizing as needed.
*A daily task
*A daily task


;Weekly
;Weekly
*a weekly task
*a weekly task


;Monthly
* Remove dirt knocked onto pathway by gophers, pathway users, etc.
*a monthly task
*a monthly task


;Yearly
;Yearly
*a yearly task
*a yearly task


;Every __ years
* Analyze retaining walls for points of soil erosion that could affect the long term stability of the supporting structure.
*task
*task


=== Instructions ===
;As necessary


This is how to maintain. The step by step how to template {{Tl|How to}} is most likely best for this part.  
* Add mulch or gravel to the top layer of the pathway at points where it has become muddy or uneven.


{{How to
== Suggestions for future changes ==
|title=How to Do Something
|File:Bpack bike trailer - demo 1.jpg |Backpack frame bike trailer |1 |Do something.
|File:Aleiha dish.jpg |Aleiha's parabolic solar cooker |2 |Do something really complicated but made simple, etc.


}}
Team AZDC recommends the following as future changes to the project:


== Troubleshooting ==
* A handrail placed on the west side of the path running from the landing to the bottom.
* Planting an assortment of edible fruiting plants that would also serve as additional slope stabilization such as:
** Snow Berries
** Goumi Berries
** Huckleberries
** Elderberries
** Chilean Guava
* A cob bench embedded into the uphill side of the landing to provide additional slope stabilization as well as an aesthetic and practical feature.
* A roof for the cob bench so that it will survive the Humboldt county winter.


This is only how to troubleshoot basic operation. For complex issues, the solution might just say contact ________. It should be a table in this format:
== About the Team ==


{| class="wikitable"
Environmental Resource Engineering students at Cal Poly Humboldt, Fall 2019.
|-
! Problem
! Suggestion
|-
| Example issue
| Example solution or suggestion
|-
| Does not turn on
| Make sure it is plugged in
|-
| Another issue
| Et cetera
|}


==Discussion and next steps==
[[File:AZDCteamPic.PNG|thumb|none|Connor White, Dustin Helliwell, Zachary Alva, Abdul Khalik Kamaal]]


== Video ==


== Suggestions for future changes ==
{{Video|io1jp1NSxpo}}


This is where to lay out suggestions for how to make the project function better in the future.
{{Page data
 
| part-of = Engr205 Introduction to Design
 
| keywords = garden, pathway, retaining wall, grass seeds, hay bale, recycled concrete, tires, Upcycling gallery
==References==
| sdg = SDG11 Sustainable cities and communities
See [[Help:Footnotes]] for more.
| published = 2019
{{Reflist}}
| organizations = Six Rivers Charter School, Engr205 Introduction to Design, Cal Poly Humboldt
| license = CC-BY-SA-3.0
| language = en
}}


[[Category:Engr215 Introduction to Design]]
[[Category:Engr205 Introduction to Design]]
[[Category:Six Rivers Charter School]]
[[Category:Gardening]]
[[Category:Upcycling]]
[[Category:Garden]]

Latest revision as of 14:44, 28 February 2024

Connor White, Dustin Helliwell, Zachary Alva, Abdul Khalik Kamaal
FA info icon.svg Angle down icon.svg Project data
Authors Connor White
Dhelliwell
Abdul Khalik Kamaal
Zach Alva
Location Arcata, California
Status Deployed
Completed 2019
Cost USD 59.29
OKH Manifest Download

Six Rivers Charter High School (abbrev. Six Rivers) in Arcata, California has a garden and outdoor learning space located at the bottom of a hill below the main classrooms. The staircase originally connecting the space to the rest of the school had fallen deep into disrepair and sorely needed to be replaced this year (Fall 2019). The team spent a few weeks researching pathway and stair design, slope stabilization, retaining walls, pathway construction, erosion control, and native plants before meeting with Six Rivers' Principal Ron Perry to establish their personal criteria for the design. The team was tasked with designing a pathway that is safe, wheelbarrow accessible, widely plantable, cost effective, ecologically sound and aesthetically pleasing. The primary objective of our design was on functionality and durability.

PDF - Full report of SRCHS pathway project

Problem Statement and Criteria[edit | edit source]

AZDCfinalTireWall.PNG

The top priorities for any trail/pathway are safety and accessibility, and the importance of other criteria is situation specific. For this project labor intensity and cost are very important because without prioritizing these the project may not have been able to reach completion in time. Remaining criteria is valued with respect to education.

Criteria Weight (out of 10)
Safety and Accessibility 10
Labor Intensity 9
Cost 7
Plantability 7
Ecology 6
Maintenance 5
Educational Value 4
Aesthetic 4

Prototyping[edit | edit source]

The first prototype was constructed out of drywall compound, chicken wire, and magazines on a plywood frame. The clam-shell cement blocks are represented by the colorful foam blocks, the urbanite retaining wall is represented by the black foam blocks, and the compact earth tire wall is represented by the slices of wine cork. The first problem posed was the sharp inside angle of the switchback. The fact that this would present an issue was confirmed by the second prototype which involved carving into the construction site. As a result of the prototyping process, the team chose to extend the landing section of the trail farther back into the hillside to allow for a gentler inside angle on the switchback. The prototype was tested by showing it to Cal Poly Humboldt engineering students who gave their opinions of what could be improved on and what could be potentially problematic or unsafe.

Description of Final Design[edit | edit source]

Final Design[edit | edit source]

The final design shown below addresses the client criteria and insight gained through the prototyping process. The full length of the pathway is approximately 90' and the area of the landing is approximately 35 square feet. The bottom of the pathway to the landing is supported by a 66' urbanite retaining wall that expands upon a pre-existing concrete block retaining wall. The landing is supported by a compact earth tire retaining wall measuring approximately 54" high by 13' wide, and comprised of 24 tires arranged hexagonally. The portion of the pathway between the top and the landing does not require reinforcement. The pathway surface is composed of three layers: tamped earth as the base, a mixture of sand and gravel in the middle, and mulch on top. Outsloping of the pathway and Coweeta dips were used for drainage, and a combination of ripraps, straw, and grass seed were utilized as temporary erosion control for remaining bare slopes. All elements of the design were produced as planned to the satisfaction of the team as well as the client.

Costs[edit | edit source]

Quantity Material or Service Source Cost ($)
As needed Materials Transportation Father of Dustin 46.91
1 Hay Bale Three G's Hay and Grain 8.62
1 bag Grass Seed Mad River Gardens 3.76
As needed Recycled Concrete Donated by: Figas Construction 0
As needed Tires Donated by: Anonymous 0
1 cubic meter Wood Chips Free pile located at the Indianola Cuttoff 0
Total Cost 59.29

How to build[edit | edit source]

Compact Earth Tire Retaining Wall[edit | edit source]

1
AbdulKhalikKamaalACAD3.PNG
AZDC building SOURCINGURBANITE.JPG
Determine how many tires will be required for the wall by measuring the diameter and height of the tires to be built with. Then measure the height and width of the wall to be built and calculate how many tires will need to be in each row. This will determine the width and depth of the foundation.
2
AZDC building FIRST ROW.PNG

Prepare the wall site by leveling and tamping down the soil where the first row of tires will be placed.

3
AZDCtireWallCardboard.PNG

Place the first row of tires neatly in a line and use a level to flatten them as evenly as possible. Place cardboard inside tire to cover the bottom hole. This prevents dirt from spilling out through the bottom as it is filled. The photo to the left demonstrates measuring the cardboard to be cut before it is inserted into the tire.

4
AZDCtireWall.PNG

Pack the first row! It is most efficient to have one person shoveling scoops of earth into the tire while one person packs it using a tamper, sledge hammer, or similar tool. If the local soil is particularly dry it is best to lightly dampen the soil to help it bind to itself.
Note 1: Minimize plant/organic matter from mixing into the soil. Organic matter will decompose over time and this can cause the fill to shrink which could compromise the strength of the tire.
Note 2: Be sure to pack in the sides of the tire. As you fill the tire it will be come increasingly difficult to compact the sides so a handheld sledge is recommended for this.

5
AZDC building TIREROW2.2.PNG

Place the second row of tires, staggering them such that they line up as in the photos for steps 5 and 6, and leveling them to be flat.

6
AZDC building TIREROW2.PNG
7

Fill the second row by repeating steps 3 and 4.

8
AZDCtireWallConstructions.PNG

Repeat the steps taken to produce the second row of tires and repeat until the final row has been finished.

9
AZDCfinalTireWall.PNG

Optional: Use your tires as planters by shallowly digging into them. The tires function well as planters and roots will add additional strength, but digging too deeply into them can compromise the strength of the soil that has been packed in. Placing above ground bottomless planters on the center hole of a tire is the recommended method.

Urbanite Retaining Wall[edit | edit source]

The urbanite retaining wall described below is constructed from recycled concrete. Pieces of concrete with one flat side such as those sourced from old sidewalk are ideal, but not critical. This type of retaining wall is known as a gravity wall because it does not have anything anchoring the wall to solid ground. The strength and stability of this design is rooted in it's sheer weight, so it is important to remember that the sum mass of urbanite used is proportionate to the overall strength of the wall.

1
AZDCwallRope.PNG

Determine where your retaining wall will lay and mark it's path with string.

2

Create a foundation layer by digging out all loose dirt, tamping firm the earth that your first layer of urbanite will be placed on, and level it.

3
AZDC building SOURCINGURBANITE.JPG

Starting at one end of your wall set one block at a time choosing the heaviest pieces. Using the heaviest pieces on the bottom layer will give the greatest structural integrity.

4
AZDC Building.gif

Moving along the string, set another piece of urbanite next to the first piece, nestling them together such that the edges "lock" into place.

5
AZDC building URBANITEROW1.PNG

Fill in gaps between the blocks using a combination of soil and gravel. Massage the fill into place using tools before packing it in firmly so that fill can reach the most inner spaces.

6

Repeat steps 4 and 5 until the first layer is complete.
Note: It is highly recommended that each block be firmly stabilized before moving on to subsequent blocks, rather than completing the entire row and returning to check stability of individual blocks afterwards. Check each block's stability by tapping it with your foot. If it wiggles in place then it has not been set firmly enough and must either have additional side/backfilling, or increased lateral support by adjusting the placement of adjacent blocks. This is difficult to do once the entire row is complete because adjusting the placement of any one piece will alter the placement of the blocks touching the one being adjusted.

7
AZDCheavyBlocks.PNG

Once the first row is firmly placed and stabilized, place the second row just as you did in steps 4 and 5. Use the heaviest blocks available.

8
AZDCretWallFinal.PNG

Create as many rows as your project calls for, always checking for and addressing points of instability.
Note: Optional measures for additional securing of blocks such mortar, cobb filler, and newly poured cement can be used, but are not critical to the structure.

Trail Placement[edit | edit source]

1
AZDC building TRAILPLACEMENT.JPG

Sketch potential layouts.

2
AZDC Layout pic.PNG

Layout trail with string and / or ruff digging.

3
AZDC HelliwellCAD.PNG

Formalize layout.

Path Surface[edit | edit source]

1
Backpack frame bike trailer

Armor the trail with a hard material such as gravel.

2
Aleiha's parabolic solar cooker

Tamp any loose material to add strength to trail surface.

3
Important info

Provide an easy walking surface such as wood chips.

Maintenance[edit | edit source]

This section details the known and anticipated maintenance that this design will require to remain functional and cosmetically intact. It is designed with the intent of being maintained by the students alone.

Schedule[edit | edit source]

Daily
  • Plant care: watering and fertilizing as needed.
Weekly
  • Remove dirt knocked onto pathway by gophers, pathway users, etc.
Yearly
  • Analyze retaining walls for points of soil erosion that could affect the long term stability of the supporting structure.
As necessary
  • Add mulch or gravel to the top layer of the pathway at points where it has become muddy or uneven.

Suggestions for future changes[edit | edit source]

Team AZDC recommends the following as future changes to the project:

  • A handrail placed on the west side of the path running from the landing to the bottom.
  • Planting an assortment of edible fruiting plants that would also serve as additional slope stabilization such as:
    • Snow Berries
    • Goumi Berries
    • Huckleberries
    • Elderberries
    • Chilean Guava
  • A cob bench embedded into the uphill side of the landing to provide additional slope stabilization as well as an aesthetic and practical feature.
  • A roof for the cob bench so that it will survive the Humboldt county winter.

About the Team[edit | edit source]

Environmental Resource Engineering students at Cal Poly Humboldt, Fall 2019.

Connor White, Dustin Helliwell, Zachary Alva, Abdul Khalik Kamaal

Video[edit | edit source]

mqdefault.jpgYouTube_icon.svg
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