(Created page with "{{italic title}} This article discussed cultivation, uses and preservation of ''Ribes divaricatum''. ==Taxonomy== Family: Grossulariaceae Genus: ''Ribes'' Species: ''R. di...")
 
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{{italic title}}
{{italic title}}
This article discussed cultivation, uses and preservation of ''Ribes divaricatum''.  
This article discusses cultivation, uses and preservation of ''Ribes divaricatum''.  
==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
Family: Grossulariaceae
Family: Grossulariaceae
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Genus: ''Ribes''
Genus: ''Ribes''


Species: ''R. divaricatum''
Species: ''R. divaricatum''  
 
(''Syn. Grossularia divaricata'').<ref name=efloras />
==Varieties==
==Varieties==
3 recognized:
3 recognized:
* ''R. d. var. divaricatum''
 
* ''R. d. var. parishii''
'''''R. d. var. divaricatum''''' - White petals. Found in Britich Columbia, Oregon, and Washington state.<ref name=efloras />
* ''R. d. var. pubiflorum''
 
'''''R. d. var. parishii''''' - Also termed ''Ribes parishii'', or ''Grossularia parishii'',<ref name=efloras /> common name "Parish’s gooseberry ". Petals pink to red.<ref name=efloras /> Last seen 1980, thought to be extinct due to dry years, altered stream flows, human‐caused fires, habitat loss, and invasive species.<ref>[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ddi.12665  Rejmánek, M. Vascular plant extinctions in California: A critical assessment. Diversity and Distributions. 2018; 24: 129– 136. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12665.]</ref>
 
'''''R. d. var. pubiflorum''''' - White petals. Found in Oregon and California, USA.<ref name=efloras />
 
==Common names==
==Common names==
* Spreading-branched gooseberry (Royal Horticultural Society accepted name).<ref name=rhs>[https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/113051/i-Ribes-divaricatum-i/Details ''Ribes divaricatum'' (Royal Horticultural Society.]</ref>
* Spreading-branched gooseberry (Royal Horticultural Society accepted name).<ref name=rhs>[https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/113051/i-Ribes-divaricatum-i/Details ''Ribes divaricatum'' (Royal Horticultural Society.]</ref>
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* North American Worcesterberry.<ref name=pfaf>[https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Ribes+divaricatum ''Ribes divaricatum'' (Plants For A Future).]</ref>
* North American Worcesterberry.<ref name=pfaf>[https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Ribes+divaricatum ''Ribes divaricatum'' (Plants For A Future).]</ref>
* Coast(al) Black Gooseberry.<ref name=pfaf />
* Coast(al) Black Gooseberry.<ref name=pfaf />
* Parish's gooseberry.<ref name=pfaf />
* Straggly gooseberry.<ref name=pfaf />
* Straggly gooseberry.<ref name=pfaf />
* Coast Gooseberry.<ref name=wiersema2016 />
* Coast Gooseberry.<ref name=wiersema2016 />
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Some Native American groups of the Pacific Northwest foraged the berries.<ref name=calscape /> The bark and other parts had medicinal uses.
Some Native American groups of the Pacific Northwest foraged the berries.<ref name=calscape /> The bark and other parts had medicinal uses.
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Mature height approximately 1.7 - 3.4 m tall with a maximum spread of 1 - 1.5m.<ref name=calscape /><ref name=crawford2016 /> Deciduous, multi-stemmed shrub.<ref name=crawford2016>Crawford, M (2016). [https://www.worldcat.org/title/creating-a-forest-garden-working-with-nature-to-grow-edible-crops/oclc/1041938577&referer=brief_results Creating a Forest Garden: working with nature to grow edible crops]. Green Books. ISBN 9781900322621.</ref> The woody branches have 1 - 3 woody thorns at each leaf node.<ref name=calscape />  
Mature height approximately 1.7 - 3.4 m tall with a maximum spread of 1 - 1.5m.<ref name=calscape /><ref name=crawford2016 /> Deciduous, multi-stemmed shrub.<ref name=crawford2016>Crawford, M (2016). [https://www.worldcat.org/title/creating-a-forest-garden-working-with-nature-to-grow-edible-crops/oclc/1041938577&referer=brief_results Creating a Forest Garden: working with nature to grow edible crops]. Green Books. ISBN 9781900322621.</ref> The woody branches have 0 - 3 woody thorns at each leaf node.<ref name=calscape />
 
From the leaf nodes, Leaves are borne on 1 - 3cm long petioles and are palmate and edged with teeth, and are up to 6cm long.<ref name=calscape /><ref name=efloras />
 
The flowers take the form of small, hanging flower clusters,<ref name=calscape /> or single flowers each of 2 - 4 cm in length.<ref name=efloras /> They are greenish - purple.<ref name=crawford2016 /> with long, protruding stamen resembling fushias.<ref name=calscape />


From the leaf nodes, Leaves are borne on petioles and are palmate and edged with teeth, and are up to 6cm long.<ref name=calscape />
Fruit is purplish-black (when ripe), subglobose (nearly round), and glabrous (hairless). Each fruit is 6 - 12mm in diameter.<ref name=efloras>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250065855 ''Ribes divaricatum'' (eFloras.org).]</ref>


The flowers take the form of small, hanging flower clusters. THey are greenish - purple.<ref name=crawford2016 />
==Behaviour==
==Behaviour==
Growth habit is of a shrub. It is perennial and deciduous, becoming dormant in winter.
Growth habit is of a shrub. It is perennial and deciduous, becoming dormant in winter but with persistent woody stems above ground.
==Reproduction==
==Reproduction==
Self-fertile (one plant will fruit by itself).<ref name=crawford2016 />
Flowering occurs in Spring.<ref name=calscape /> Self-fertile (one plant will fruit by itself).<ref name=crawford2016 />
==Hardiness==
==Hardiness==
USDA Hardiness Zone 4.<ref name=crawford2016 />
USDA Hardiness Zone 4.<ref name=crawford2016 />
==Soil Type==
==Soil Type==
Tolerates most soil types.<ref name=crawford2016 />
Tolerates most soil types.<ref name=crawford2016 /> Ideal soil type is moisture retentive but well-drained loam.<ref name=calscape />
==Soil pH==
==Soil pH==
Tolerance range is 4.8 - 8.2.<ref name=calscape />
==Shade Preference==
==Shade Preference==
Full sun.<ref name=crawford2016 />
==Shade Tolerance==
==Shade Tolerance==
Tolerates moderate shade (approximately 20% shade / 1-2 hours of direct sun).<ref name=crawford2016 />
==Aspect==
==Aspect==
==Exposure==
==Exposure==
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==Maintenance==
==Maintenance==
The plant is moderately easy to care for.<ref name=calscape />
==Watering==
==Watering==
Low water requirements.
Low water requirements.<ref name=calscape />
==Pruning==
==Pruning==
==Problems==
==Problems==
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==Uses==
==Uses==
* '''Fruit''' - fruits are edible by humans
* '''Fruit''' - fruits are edible by humans
* '''Hedging''' - large thorns can make this plant suitable in hedges to deter animals.<ref name=crawford2016 />
* '''Hedging''' - large thorns can make this plant suitable in hedges to deter animals,<ref name=crawford2016 /> such as deer.<ref name=calscape />  
* '''Bee plant''' - attracts bees and other insect pollinators.<ref name=crawford2016 />
* '''Bee plant''' - attracts bees and other insect pollinators.<ref name=crawford2016 />
* '''Attracts other wildlife''' - e.g. butterflies and brids.<ref name=calscape />
* '''Cultivation of crosses and hybrids''' - e.g. ''R. divaricatum'' was used in the creation of the "Jostaberry" plant.{{w|Jostaberry}}
* '''Cultivation of crosses and hybrids''' - e.g. ''R. divaricatum'' was used in the creation of the "Jostaberry" plant.{{w|Jostaberry}}
* '''Graft stock''' for gooseberries and currants.<ref name=wiersema2016>Wiersema, JH; León, B (2016). [https://www.worldcat.org/title/world-economic-plants-a-standard-reference-second-edition/oclc/967107089&referer=brief_results World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference.] CRC Books. ISBN 9781466576810.</ref>
* '''Graft stock''' for gooseberries and currants.<ref name=wiersema2016>Wiersema, JH; León, B (2016). [https://www.worldcat.org/title/world-economic-plants-a-standard-reference-second-edition/oclc/967107089&referer=brief_results World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference.] CRC Books. ISBN 9781466576810.</ref>

Revision as of 18:01, 19 March 2019

Template:Italic title This article discusses cultivation, uses and preservation of Ribes divaricatum.

Taxonomy

Family: Grossulariaceae

Genus: Ribes

Species: R. divaricatum

(Syn. Grossularia divaricata).[1]

Varieties

3 recognized:

R. d. var. divaricatum - White petals. Found in Britich Columbia, Oregon, and Washington state.[1]

R. d. var. parishii - Also termed Ribes parishii, or Grossularia parishii,[1] common name "Parish’s gooseberry ". Petals pink to red.[1] Last seen 1980, thought to be extinct due to dry years, altered stream flows, human‐caused fires, habitat loss, and invasive species.[2]

R. d. var. pubiflorum - White petals. Found in Oregon and California, USA.[1]

Common names

  • Spreading-branched gooseberry (Royal Horticultural Society accepted name).[3]
  • Spreading gooseberry.[4]
  • Worcesterberry.[3]
  • North American Worcesterberry.[4]
  • Coast(al) Black Gooseberry.[4]
  • Straggly gooseberry.[4]
  • Coast Gooseberry.[5]
  • Wild Black Gooseberry.[5]
  • Wild Gooseberry.[6]
  • Oregon Stachelbeere.[5]

Etymology

From Latin divarico meaning "spread out"

Range

It is native to western North America, from British Columbia to California.[6]

History

Some Native American groups of the Pacific Northwest foraged the berries.[6] The bark and other parts had medicinal uses.

Morphology

Mature height approximately 1.7 - 3.4 m tall with a maximum spread of 1 - 1.5m.[6][7] Deciduous, multi-stemmed shrub.[7] The woody branches have 0 - 3 woody thorns at each leaf node.[6]

From the leaf nodes, Leaves are borne on 1 - 3cm long petioles and are palmate and edged with teeth, and are up to 6cm long.[6][1]

The flowers take the form of small, hanging flower clusters,[6] or single flowers each of 2 - 4 cm in length.[1] They are greenish - purple.[7] with long, protruding stamen resembling fushias.[6]

Fruit is purplish-black (when ripe), subglobose (nearly round), and glabrous (hairless). Each fruit is 6 - 12mm in diameter.[1]

Behaviour

Growth habit is of a shrub. It is perennial and deciduous, becoming dormant in winter but with persistent woody stems above ground.

Reproduction

Flowering occurs in Spring.[6] Self-fertile (one plant will fruit by itself).[7]

Hardiness

USDA Hardiness Zone 4.[7]

Soil Type

Tolerates most soil types.[7] Ideal soil type is moisture retentive but well-drained loam.[6]

Soil pH

Tolerance range is 4.8 - 8.2.[6]

Shade Preference

Full sun.[7]

Shade Tolerance

Tolerates moderate shade (approximately 20% shade / 1-2 hours of direct sun).[7]

Aspect

Exposure

Propagation

Hardwood cuttings (i.e. from fully matured stems) can be taken in late autumn (during dormancy).[7]

The shrub can send out suckers, which can be propagated by carefully digging out the root and cutting it from the main plant.

Maintenance

The plant is moderately easy to care for.[6]

Watering

Low water requirements.[6]

Pruning

Problems

Harvest

Berries start green and turn black when ripe.

Preservation

Uses

  • Fruit - fruits are edible by humans
  • Hedging - large thorns can make this plant suitable in hedges to deter animals,[7] such as deer.[6]
  • Bee plant - attracts bees and other insect pollinators.[7]
  • Attracts other wildlife - e.g. butterflies and brids.[6]
  • Cultivation of crosses and hybrids - e.g. R. divaricatum was used in the creation of the "Jostaberry" plant.W
  • Graft stock for gooseberries and currants.[5]

Nutritional Values

Cooking

References

Template:Reflist

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