Implementation of an Economic System to Measure Solar Radiatio
Authors
Mohamed Darwish, Omar G. Angulo Castro, Ricardo Valenzuela, Alejandro Ortega, Gildardo Jimenez
Abstract
A data acquisition system based on a pyranometer, data acquisition board and a computer to record and display the data are developed Pyranometer based in solar cell, National Instrument USB-6008 as data acquisition, LABView as interface system. Made this a considerably cheap system. The pyranometer was physically located on the top of the roof, reading was taken every 30 minutes during 33 days in January, March, April and May (why not Feb?), no night readings. All measurements from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm. Location at 31.19’07’’N and 110.56’45’’O, 1000 meters above sea level. Result shows a reading error within 7% and above 2%.
Solar Irradiance Estimation Based on Photovoltaic Module Short Circuit Current Measurement
Authors
Rodney H.G. Tan, Priscilla L.J.Tai, V.H. Mok
Abstract
This paper using the estimation method of solar irradiance based on the short circuit current output produce by the photovoltaic module. Paper trying to prove the feasibility of this method with desired accuracy. Paper introduced Photovoltaic Module Model as a circuit model, according to the property of its solar cell diode, derived the relation between short circuit currents and the solar irradiance leads to this. By acquiring the datasheet for solar cells diodes from their manufacturers, parameters for this relation can be derived using mathematical models. By considering these parameters, the solar irradiance can be estimated. However, the result shows that the highest error can reach 15.9%, making this estimation not a very ideal method for high accuracy applies but only for rough estimation while expensive measure device like pyranometers are desired.
PV-based Li-ion Battery Charger with Neural MPPT for Autonomous Sea Vehicles
Authors
M. C. Di Piazza, M. Luna, M. Pucci, G. Vitale
Abstract
Photovoltaic battery charger based on a DC-DC boost converter for a small size marine autonomous vehicle is developed. Neural-based technique is used to estimate the solar irradiance on the basis of the actual PV panel voltage and current to provide maximum output. This techniques is called Growing Neural Gas, and is exploited to realize a virtual Pyranometer to acquire instant solar irradiance. The GNG network is a self-supervised system to create best topology for the vehicle. GNG then is trained to learn data by experiment, and then recalling these by online calculation to estimate the irradiance. On the basis of this estimate, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) can be realized.
Accurate measurements of solar irradiance for evaluation of photovoltaic power profiles
Authors
Filippo Spertino, Member, IEEE, Paolo Di Leo, Valeria Cocina
Abstract
Based on five meteorological stations and the yearly experimental results, this paper discuss an observed phenomenon called ‘broken clouds’. This phenomena lead to noticeable peaks in measurement and PV power system. This effect occurs when clouds around sun amplified the beam irradiance, causing 20% more irradiance observed up to 500 W/m^2 lasting for minutes. It represent that investigation for this phenomena can be very useful to generate desired peak power. This still need for further study.
Development of Data Acquisition System for Hybrid Power Plant
Authors
Aryuanto Soetedjo, Yusuf Ismail Nakhoda
Abstract
Data acquisition system integrated wind speed monitor, Pyranometer and PV temperature measurement is realized. Low cost PV module is used as PV sensor. LABView is used as monitoring both wind speed and Pyranometer, and a SCADA system used to control the system is introduced by L. Wang and K.H. Liu in ‘mplementation of a Web-Based Real-Time Monitoring and Control System for a Hybrid Wind-PV-Battery Renewable Energy System’. Pyranometer works at 10 V and 30mA. Low error down to 3.45% for solar irradiance measurement is realized. Work represent that high accuracy integrated measurement system to monitor both wind a solar irradiance can be achieved at a considerably cheap price.
A Neural Network-Based Low-Cost Solar Irradiance Sensor
Authors
Fernando Mancilla-David, Francesco Riganti-Fulginei, Antonino Laudani, Alessandro Salvini
Abstract
Pyranometer is too expensive to be exploited in PV plants(?). To solve this, this paper introduced an approach to maximize efficiency based on neural networks. PV cell as irradiance sensor and a temperature senor and a low cost controller is used to realize this is introduced here to lower the cost. To use neural network (NN), a training set is introduced for learning, according to PV array mathematical model. After setting up the model, dataset was generated through experimental synthesis. System provide data for model to compute the irradiance. Compared to commercial Pyranometer(LM-10 HTD), this system provide a matched regression line, represents its high accuracy. However, paper did not give further discussion about the ignorance of peak irradiance due to algorithm.
An Improved Model-Based Maximum Power Point Tracker for Photovoltaic Panels
Authors
Loredana Cristaldi, Marco Faifer, Marco Rossi, and Sergio Toscani
Abstract
A model-based maximum power point tracker is said to be able to offers a better dynamic performance than observation based MPPT system. It even did not require direct irradiance measurement. This paper built a circuit model. Meanwhile, it take generated thermal energy into account as uncoverted solar irradiance.
A New Approach to Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Panels
Authors
Loredana Cristaldi, Marco Faifer, Marco Rossi, Sergio Toscani
Abstract
MPPT( Maximum Power Point Tracker) system is designed and this paper shows a method that applied no direct measurement for solar irradiance for this system. This methods based on preset model, based on solar cell circuit model. According to measured circuit cell temperature, module voltage and current, the irradiance can be calculated. This system does not require radiometer that appeared in many model based MPPT systems. Its result shows a acceptable average error within 5%, although with several high error point as high as 25%.
A Prototype of an Integrated Pyranometer for Measuring Multi-Parameters
Authors
Faiz Syazwan, Abdul Aziz1, Shahril Irwan Sulaiman, Hedzlin Zainuddin
Abstract
System was design integrated with Pyranometer and temperature sensor module. Solar cell is used as sensor to build Pyranometer. Compare to commercial Pyranometer, this integrated solar censor can provide measurement with error between -6.01% and +2.92%.
Simulation and energy management of an experimental solar system through adaptive neural networks
Authors
R.H. Fouad, M.S.Ashhab, A. Mukattash, S. Idwan
Abstract
A solar system is built integrated a solar trainer that contains a photovoltaic panel, a DC centrifugal pump, flat plate collectors, storage tank, a flowmeter for measuring the water mass flow rate, pipes, pyranometer for measuring the solar intensity, thermocouples for measuring various system temperatures and wind speed meter. For Pyranometer, an artificial neural network is applied based on the difference between measured data and pre-learnt data. To increase accuracy, short term prediction is modeled according to Kaczmarz’s algorithm. Adaptation technique is introduced to improve the accuracy. ANN is used as a technique to compensate for system parts degradation, environmental variations, time changes and modeling errors. Result shows that adaptive ANN is more accurate than non-adaptive ANN system.
Spectrally Selective Sensors for PV System Performance Monitoring
Authors
Anton Driesse, Daniela Dirnberger, Christian Reise, Nils Reich
Abstract
A spectrally matched reference solar cell is design to replace Pyranometer to measure plane of array(POA). System used two sensor with different non-overlapping spectral responses. Author used two sensors to measure the distribution of typical solar spectra. This method is proved to be useful for monitoring CdTe and CIS modules.
Performance Testing using Silicon Devices – Analysis of Accuracy
Authors
Manajit Sengupta, Peter Gotseff, Daryl Myers, Thomas Stoffel1
Abstract
This paper reviews the issues that will arise from the use of silicon detectors for PV performance measurement in the field based on measurements from a group of pyranometers mounted on a 1-axis solar tracker. Investigation is done on the impact of spectral sensitivity of silicon devices to find out why silicon based devices have more significant measurement difference. Experiment found that both Global Horizontal Irradiance(GHI) and Direct Normal Irradiance(DNI) measurements using silicon instruments have errors that are dependent on zenith angle. King et. al. (1998) correction have been devised to correct for these spectral errors.
Online Photovoltaic Array Hot-spot Bayesian Diagnostics from Streaming String-Level Electric Data
Authors
Shahar Ben-Menahem, Stephen C. Yang
Abstract
Paper introduced prototype MAP-based, in-operation incipient hot-spot failure diagnostics and prognostics algorithm running on a central database server. This can be an effective and minimal-cost diagnostics solution. For a small 4-string array, the total hardware cost will amount to less than $100. This system can realize low-cost hot-spot fault detection, diagnostics and prediction in the same time.
Power Rating Uncertainty Analysis of Electrical Performance of Photovoltaic Modules
Authors
Haitao Liu
Abstract
Paper shows that more attention should be given to the reference devices such as reference cell, reference module or pyranometer which contribute majority of uncertainty components. Research based on uncertainty analysis for electrical performance parameters. Paper shows that this uncertainty analysis can be estimated for both flat plate PV modules and concentrating PV modules or assemblies in practice.
Miniature pyranometer with asteroid shape thermopile
Authors
Jiangang Zhang, Zhengwei Wu, Zhan Zhao, Xin Guan
Abstract
A miniature pyranometer with a novel asteroid shape thermopile is designed with reduced size as small as 8mm by 4mm by 0.5mm. Output shows linear relation with irradiance. Resolution reached 0.191mV/10^5Lux. The thermopile unit is formed by sputtering technology, and the radiation absorption layer (Si3N4 film) is deposited above the thermopile layer by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Silicon membrane is formed after the deposition.
Design Of A Photovoltaic System For A Rural House
Authors
M.Aminy, N.Barhemmati, A.Hadadian, F.Vali
Abstract
In this paper, calculation mean energy consumption of a rural area house, situating near Meshkin-dasht of Karaj providence in Iran is done. Using solar data registered in this area, the required electrical energy was calculated to be 2.88KWh with available mean solar radiation of 6 hours and rate of 6250MJ/m2. According to the calculations, 11 photovoltaic panels of 45W power and 2, 12V and 120Amph batteries as well as 2, 700W inverter are required. The rural house was considered for supplying AC electricity.
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT WITHOUT PYRANOMETERS: PREDICTING ENERGY OUTPUT BASED ON HISTORICAL CORRELATION
Authors
Anastasios Golnas, Joseph Bryan, Robert Wimbrow, Clifford Hansen, and Steve Voss
Abstract
An methodology is introduced. It can calculate the expected output of one or more systems in a regional fleet based on the measured power output from a subset of the total fleet. Method based on the correlation of historical data. With input information consisted of historical performance correlation and inter-system distance information, this method that can predict the energy output of a single PV system that belongs to a regional fleet by using information from other systems in that fleet. The best performing algorithm successfully predicted the weekly generation within 5% of the measured value between 73% and 96% of the time. When the accuracy threshold is relaxed to 10% the success rate varies between 91% and 99%. The monthly generation was predicted successfully at even higher rates – between 85% and 100% for a 5% threshold, and between 96% and 100% for a 10% threshold.
Estimation of Photovoltaic Power Generation Output based on Solar Irradiation and Frequency Classification
Authors
P. Attaviriyanupap, K. Tokuhara, N. Itaya, M. Marmiroli, Y. Tsukamoto, Y. Kojima
Abstract
In this paper, a method to estimate total power output of clustered photovoltaic power generation system (PV systems) is proposed. The proposed method make use of the real- time communication between pyranometer, current/voltage sensors, and control center to estimate power output of PV systems based on solar irradiation and power flow in the feeder, where PV systems are connected. The proposed method is divided into low-frequency and high-frequency component estimations. The low-frequency component is estimated based on the correlation between solar irradiation and energy generated from PV systems. On the other hand, the high-frequency component is estimated based on the frequency classification of power flow. The estimation is divided into low-frequency and high- frequency components estimation. The low-frequency component of PV power output is estimated based on the correlation between solar irradiation and energy generated from PV systems. The high-frequency component of PV power output is estimated based on the frequency classification of power flow in the feeder, where PV systems are connected. Simulation results show that error is approximately 3-4% of installed capacity for offline and online estimation. Simulation results also show that the accuracy of the proposed method can be improved by including load model in the low-frequency component estimation process.
Performance Improvement of SHWS by Increasing Thermal Efficiency Using Insulation Materials and Optimum Position of Solar Collectors
Authors
Jannatul Ferdous, Md Sanzidul Islam, Nabil Shaker, Bonny Amin Khan, A. Azad
Abstract
Solar Hot Water System(SHWS) is designed. Pyranometers were placed on roof of a two storied building having fine surrounding aperture. Two channels of the same data acquisition card are used for Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and Diffuse Irradiance (DIF) data. The solar radiation values are predicted using meteorological parameters as these parameters are related to nature. The monthly averaged daily diffuse radiation is calculated using Angstrom like correlation. The total radiation on the tilted surface plane is also estimated.
Implementation of an intelligent sensor for measurement and prediction of solar radiation and atmospheric temperature
Authors
Joa ̃o M. Gomes∗,Pedro M. Ferreira†, Anto ́nio E. Ruano‡
Abstract
An intelligent sensor is developed for acquiring temperature, solar radiation data and estimate cloudiness indexes, and use these measured values to predict temperature and solar radiation in a close future. This can be used in systems related to thermal comfort in buildings and to the efficient and intelligent use of solar energy. Pyranometer is introduced to regularly measure solar radiation. Neural networks of the type NARX, which use the acquired data to forecast the cloudiness index, solar radiation and temperature, in the next four hours period. The cloudiness estimation neural network was trained with images from the TSI, the difference of results were observed. This result influences the prediction of the radiation by NARX algorithm.