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== INTRODUCTION TO POTAWOT ==
== Introduction to Potawot ==
{{115inprogress|December 12th, 2008}}
{{115inprogress|December 12th, 2008}}
United Indian Health Services (UIHS) obtained a 20 acre area which is known as Potawot Health Village.  UIHS organization began in 1968 when Native Americans united to provide health care for their people.  Potawot adopted their land in the 1990's after a long struggle with the City of Arcata.  The land was originally agricultural land and was not meant to become business land.  The UIHS plead their case that what they were doing was not converting it to business land, but they wanted the land to be similar to the way they pictured agricultural land.  This meant with native plants, wetlands, wildlife of birds and other species.  The City of Arcata often considered Agriculture land to have big farms with usually non-native plants and non-native animals such as cows.  The "restoration area is known as Ku' wah-dah-wilth which means "comes back to life" in the Wiyot language and describes the revitalization of the site's natural resources." (UIHS website)
United Indian Health Services (UIHS) obtained a 20 acre area which is known as Potawot Health Village.  UIHS organization began in 1968 when Native Americans united to provide health care for their people.  Potawot adopted their land in the 1990's after a long struggle with the City of Arcata.  The land was originally agricultural land and was not meant to become business land.  The UIHS plead their case that what they were doing was not converting it to business land, but they wanted the land to be similar to the way they pictured agricultural land.  This meant with native plants, wetlands, wildlife of birds and other species.  The City of Arcata often considered Agriculture land to have big farms with usually non-native plants and non-native animals such as cows.  The "restoration area is known as Ku' wah-dah-wilth which means "comes back to life" in the Wiyot language and describes the revitalization of the site's natural resources." (UIHS website)
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The following descriptions were provided by the Audobon Society.
The following descriptions were provided by the Audobon Society.


== BITTERS AND HERONS ==
== Birds of Prey ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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! Nesting
! Nesting
! Range
! Range
|-
| American Kestral
| 9-12”. A jay-sized sized falcon.  These birds are often seen hovering.  Adult male has slate-blue wings.  The female has rusty wings and back, both sexes have two black streaks in their face.
| Schrill. killy-killy-killy
| 4-5 white or pinkish eggs, blotched with brown, placed without nest or lining on a natural or man-made cavity.
| Breeds from Alaska and Northwest Territories east through Maritime Provinces and south throughout continent.
|-
| Bald Eagle
| 30-31".  Wing Span 6-7'.  Large blackish eagle, with white head and tail, heavy yellow bill.
| squeaky cackling and thin squeals
| 2-3 white eggs in massive nest of sticks in tall tree or on cliff.
| All through Canada and United States.
|-
| Barn Owl
| 18”. Crow-sized. Buff brown above white below, with heart-shaped face and many dark dots on lower half. Dark eyes and long legs.
| Hissing notes, screams, grunts, and bill snapping.  Young make rapid grackle-like clicks.
| 5-10 white eggs on bare wood or stone in buildings, hollow trees, caves, or even in boroughs.
| Resides in Canada, United States, South America.
|-
| Kite (Also known as "White-Tailed" or "Black-Shouldered")
| 15-16".  White with grey back.  Younger birds have brown streaks.  Small, graceful.
| keep-keep-keep! whistle or long kreep!
| 4-5 brown spotted, white eggs in tall trees near water.
| California, Arizona, S. Texas, and Central America.
|-
| Sharp-shinned Hawk
| 10-14". Wing span 21".  Fast, long, skinny, short round wings.  Adults slate-gray top, pale below, rusty colored barring.  Young:  Brown with whitish spots.
| kik-kik-kik-kik! or squeal!
| 4-5 white eggs with brown spots in dense forest.
| Alaska to Newfoundland, California, New Mexico, Southeast Coast.
|}
== Biterns and Herons ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Birds
! Description
! Noise
! Nesting
! Range
|-
| American Kestral
| 23-34". Medium Sized brown heron.
| Loud pumping sound oong-Ka-chunk!  Flight call Kok-Kok!
| 2-6 buff or olive buff placed on platform of reeds in marsh.
| All over U.S. and Canada
|-
|-
| Black-crowned Night Heron
| Black-crowned Night Heron
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|}
|}


== BIRDS OF PREY ==
== Hummingbird ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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! Range
! Range
|-
|-
| American Kestral
| Anna's Hummingbird
| 9-12”. A jay-sized sized falcon.  These birds are often seen hovering.  Adult male has slate-blue wings.  The female has rusty wings and back, both sexes have two black streaks in their face.
| 3.5-4".  Medium size, metallic green on top, male has rose crown.  Female has red spotted throat.
| Schrill. killy-killy-killy
| Sharp chip, and rapid chee-chee!
| 4-5 white or pinkish eggs, blotched with brown, placed without nest or lining on a natural or man-made cavity.
| 2 white eggs in tiny woven cup in twigs.
| Breeds from Alaska and Northwest Territories east through Maritime Provinces and south throughout continent.
| Pacific coast.
|}
 
== Jays, Crows, Magpies ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
| Barn Owl
! Birds
| 18”. Crow-sized. Buff brown above white below, with heart-shaped face and many dark dots on lower half. Dark eyes and long legs.
! Description
| Hissing notes, screams, grunts, and bill snapping.  Young make rapid grackle-like clicks.
! Noise
| 5-10 white eggs on bare wood or stone in buildings, hollow trees, caves, or even in boroughs.
! Nesting
| Resides in Canada, United States, South America.
! Range
|-
|-
| Kite (Also known as "White-Tailed" or "Black-Shouldered")
| Common Crow (American Crow)
| 15-16".  White with grey back.  Younger birds have brown streaks.  Small, graceful.
| 17-21".  Black, smaller than raven, with fan shaped tail.
| keep-keep-keep! whistle or long kreep!
| caw-caw!
| 4-5 brown spotted, white eggs in tall trees near water.
| 4-6 light green eggs with dark brown spots.  Found in nest in trees.
| California, Arizona, S. Texas, and Central America.  
| All through U.S. and into Southern Canada in winter.
|-
|-
| Sharp-shinned Hawk
| Common Raven
| 10-14". Wing span 21".  Fast, long, skinny, short round wings.  Adults slate-gray top, pale below, rusty colored barring.  Young:  Brown with whitish spots.
| 21-27".  Black, larger than Crows and wedge-shaped tail.  Soars in flight.
| kik-kik-kik-kik! or squeal!
| wonk-wonk! deep.
| 4-5 white eggs with brown spots in dense forest.
| 4-7 light green eggs with brown spots.  Found in nest in trees.
| Alaska to Newfoundland, California, New Mexico, Southeast Coast.
| Western states and all throughout Canada.  Georgia and Great Lakes. Europe, Asia, and N. Africa.
|}
|}


== PERCHING BIRDS ==
== Swallows and Martins ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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! Range
! Range
|-
|-
| American Goldfinch
| Barn Swallow
| 4.5-5”.  Male bright yellow with white tail.  Black head with white edges and black wings and tail with yellow on wings.  Female dull and grey with black wings.
| 5-8".  Small, dark blue, and rusty.
| per-chick-o-ree.
| Chattering and twittering.
| 4-5 pale blue eggs in grass nest in shrubs.
| 4-6 brown spotted white eggs.  Often found in mud and grass in rafters of buildings.
| All over U.S.
|  All over U.S. and into Canada.
|-
| Black Phoebe
| 6-7”.  Slate black except for white belly, under tail coverts, and outer tail feathers.  Easy identifiers are its erect posture, tail-wagging, insectivorous.
| A thin buzzy “pi-tsee” song, usually repeated.  Call is a sharp, down-slurred chip.
| 3-6 white eggs, with a few faint speckles, in a mud, moss, and grass nest lined with soft material.  Nest could be in a crevice, old building, or among hanging roots near the top if an embankment close to water.
| Northern California and South and east to west Texas.  Also in the Tropics.
|-
| Dark-eyed Junco
| 5-6.25”. Mostly gray overall, with a reddish-brown back
| Ringing metallic trill on the same pitch.
| 3-6 pale bluish or greenish eggs, with variegated blotches concentrated at the larger end.  Nest site is shreds of bark, twigs, and mosses lines with soft material, placed on the ground, protected by a rock ledge or other debris.
| Throughout Canada and south into Mexico for winters.  Found all over N. America.
|-
| Purple Finch
| 5.5-6.5”.  Medium sized.  Male has reddish head and off white below, streaked wings with white and brown.  Female has white stripe behind eyes, dark stripe on jaw, streaked chest.
| Musical warble.  Tick while in flight.
| 4-5 bluish/green eggs, with dark brown spot on one end.  Found in grasses and twigs in conifer trees.
| Breeds throughout Canada from west to east coast.  Also in CA, then east of the mid-western states of the US.
|-
| Red-winged Blackbird
| 7-9.5". Male: Black with bright red shoulders. Female: Streaked with light and dark shades of brown.
| o-ka-leeee!
| 3-5 pale blue eggs, spotted with shades of purple and brown in marsh grass.
| All throughout United States and Canada.
|}
|}


== WATER BIRDS (SWANS, GEESE, DUCKS) ==
== Water Birds (Swans, Geese, Ducks) ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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! Nesting
! Nesting
! Range
! Range
|-
| Bufflehead
| 13-15". small chubby duck. Male is largely white with black back, head with purplish gloss. Female all dark with single whitish patch on cheek.
| Male squeaky whistle, female soft hoarse quack.
| 6-12 pale buff eggs in a mass of down placed in wood pecker hole.
| Canada, East coast and southern U.S.
|-
|-
| Canada Goose
| Canada Goose
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|}
|}


== SWALLOWS AND MARTINS ==
== Perching Birds ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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! Range
! Range
|-
|-
| Barn Swallow
| American Goldfinch
| 5-8".  Small, dark blue, and rusty.
| 4.5-5”.  Male bright yellow with white tail.  Black head with white edges and black wings and tail with yellow on wings.  Female dull and grey with black wings.
| Chattering and twittering.
| per-chick-o-ree.
| 4-6 brown spotted white eggs.  Often found in mud and grass in rafters of buildings.
| 4-5 pale blue eggs in grass nest in shrubs.
| All over U.S. and into Canada.
| All over U.S.
|}
|-
 
| Ash Throated Flycatcher
== JAYS, CROWS, MAGPIES ==
| 8".  Small dull olive above, yellowish below.
{| class="wikitable"
| Purreeer! also soft ka-brick
| 4-5 creamy white in a nest lined with vegetable fibers found in tree or cactus hole.
| West of Rockies.
|-
| Belted Kingfisher
| 13" pigeon sized bird.  Blue grey above and white below. Bushy crest and dagger like bill.
| Loud penetrating raddle.
| 5-8 white in an unlined chamber at the end of a tunnel up to eight feet long or dug sand/gravel bank.
| All through U.S. and Canada.
|-
| Black Phoebe
| 6-7”.  Slate black except for white belly, under tail coverts, and outer tail feathers.  Easy identifiers are its erect posture, tail-wagging, insectivorous.
| A thin buzzy “pi-tsee” song, usually repeated.  Call is a sharp, down-slurred chip.
| 3-6 white eggs, with a few faint speckles, in a mud, moss, and grass nest lined with soft material.  Nest could be in a crevice, old building, or among hanging roots near the top if an embankment close to water.
| Northern California and South and east to west Texas.  Also in the Tropics.
|-
| Brewer's Black Bird
| 8-10" robin sized. Male is solid black with purplish blue iridescent head and yellow eyes.  Female grey with dark eyes.
| gurgles, squawks, whistles!
| 3-5 gray eggs with dark brown spots located in coarse grass place on ground.
| All over western region and south into Florida and Carolinas.
|-
| Brown Headed Cow Bird
| 6-8". Male is black with glossy brown head. Female plain grey brown. Finch like bill.
| Squeaky gurgles, call is check!
| 4-5 white eggs lightly speckled with brown laid one at a time in nest of other song birds.
| All over U.S. and western Canada
|-
| Dark-eyed Junco
| 5-6.25”. Mostly gray overall, with a reddish-brown back
| Ringing metallic trill on the same pitch.
| 3-6 pale bluish or greenish eggs, with variegated blotches concentrated at the larger end.  Nest site is shreds of bark, twigs, and mosses lines with soft material, placed on the ground, protected by a rock ledge or other debris.
| Throughout Canada and south into Mexico for winters.  Found all over N. America.
|-
|-
! Birds
| Northern Bullocks Oriole
! Description
| 7-8.5".  Male black head, back wings and tail, orange rump, shoulder patch and breast.  Female is olive brown with dull yellow underparts.
! Noise
| clear flute like whistle single or double notes in short distinct phrases.
! Nesting
| 4-6 grey eggs spotted with brown, nest is suspended from the tip end of a branch
! Range
| All throughout U.S. except southeast.
|-
|-
| Common Crow (American Crow)
| Purple Finch
| 17-21".  Black, smaller than raven, with fan shaped tail.
| 5.5-6.5”.  Medium sized.  Male has reddish head and off white below, streaked wings with white and brown.  Female has white stripe behind eyes, dark stripe on jaw, streaked chest.
| caw-caw!
| Musical warble.  Tick while in flight.
| 4-6 light green eggs with dark brown spots.  Found in nest in trees.
| 4-5 bluish/green eggs, with dark brown spot on one end.  Found in grasses and twigs in conifer trees.
| All through U.S. and into Southern Canada in winter.
| Breeds throughout Canada from west to east coast. Also in CA, then east of the mid-western states of the US.
|-
|-
| Common Raven
| Red-winged Blackbird
| 21-27".  Black, larger than Crows and wedge-shaped tail.  Soars in flight.
| 7-9.5".  Male: Black with bright red shoulders.  Female: Streaked with light and dark shades of brown.
| wonk-wonk! deep.
| o-ka-leeee!
| 4-7 light green eggs with brown spots.  Found in nest in trees.
| 3-5 pale blue eggs, spotted with shades of purple and brown in marsh grass.
| Western states and all throughout Canada.  Georgia and Great Lakes. Europe, Asia, and N. Africa.
| All throughout United States and Canada.
|}
|}


== REFERENCES ==
== References ==
Johnson, Eric.  List of Birds.
Johnson, Eric.  List of Birds.


Revision as of 04:38, 12 November 2008

Introduction to Potawot

Template:115inprogress United Indian Health Services (UIHS) obtained a 20 acre area which is known as Potawot Health Village. UIHS organization began in 1968 when Native Americans united to provide health care for their people. Potawot adopted their land in the 1990's after a long struggle with the City of Arcata. The land was originally agricultural land and was not meant to become business land. The UIHS plead their case that what they were doing was not converting it to business land, but they wanted the land to be similar to the way they pictured agricultural land. This meant with native plants, wetlands, wildlife of birds and other species. The City of Arcata often considered Agriculture land to have big farms with usually non-native plants and non-native animals such as cows. The "restoration area is known as Ku' wah-dah-wilth which means "comes back to life" in the Wiyot language and describes the revitalization of the site's natural resources." (UIHS website)

The following descriptions were provided by the Audobon Society.

Birds of Prey

Birds Description Noise Nesting Range
American Kestral 9-12”. A jay-sized sized falcon. These birds are often seen hovering. Adult male has slate-blue wings. The female has rusty wings and back, both sexes have two black streaks in their face. Schrill. killy-killy-killy 4-5 white or pinkish eggs, blotched with brown, placed without nest or lining on a natural or man-made cavity. Breeds from Alaska and Northwest Territories east through Maritime Provinces and south throughout continent.
Bald Eagle 30-31". Wing Span 6-7'. Large blackish eagle, with white head and tail, heavy yellow bill. squeaky cackling and thin squeals 2-3 white eggs in massive nest of sticks in tall tree or on cliff. All through Canada and United States.
Barn Owl 18”. Crow-sized. Buff brown above white below, with heart-shaped face and many dark dots on lower half. Dark eyes and long legs. Hissing notes, screams, grunts, and bill snapping. Young make rapid grackle-like clicks. 5-10 white eggs on bare wood or stone in buildings, hollow trees, caves, or even in boroughs. Resides in Canada, United States, South America.
Kite (Also known as "White-Tailed" or "Black-Shouldered") 15-16". White with grey back. Younger birds have brown streaks. Small, graceful. keep-keep-keep! whistle or long kreep! 4-5 brown spotted, white eggs in tall trees near water. California, Arizona, S. Texas, and Central America.
Sharp-shinned Hawk 10-14". Wing span 21". Fast, long, skinny, short round wings. Adults slate-gray top, pale below, rusty colored barring. Young: Brown with whitish spots. kik-kik-kik-kik! or squeal! 4-5 white eggs with brown spots in dense forest. Alaska to Newfoundland, California, New Mexico, Southeast Coast.

Biterns and Herons

Birds Description Noise Nesting Range
American Kestral 23-34". Medium Sized brown heron. Loud pumping sound oong-Ka-chunk! Flight call Kok-Kok! 2-6 buff or olive buff placed on platform of reeds in marsh. All over U.S. and Canada
Black-crowned Night Heron 23-28”, wing span 3’8”. Medium sized, short and stocky. Black crown and black back. Grey wings and white underparts. Black, short bill, pink/yellow legs. Plumes on back during breeding season. loud, barking kwok! Quawk! In the evening or night time. Harsh calls. 3-5 blue/green eggs found in thicket or reeds, rarely put in trees. Pacific Coast through Canada and US. Mid-western states, and east coast of U.S. Not found in Rockies.
Cattle Egret 20”. Small, white stocky heron. Pale yellow legs as well as short yellow bill. The yellow bill makes it unique. Croaks! 3-5 pale blue eggs in bush or sometimes in trees. California, east to Great Lakes, gulf coast states and into the tropics.
Great Blue Heron 39-52". Wing Span 5'10". Large grayish blue with yellow bill. Flies with neck folded, different from crane since they fly with neck straight. Raspy Squawk! 3-7 green/blue eggs in sticks in trees or ground. Often nests with other species of herons . Throughout U.S.
Great Egret 35-41". Wing Span 4'7". White with yellow bill, and black legs. Breeding season plumage. Croak! Squawks! 3-5 pale blue green eggs in sticks in trees. Often with other species of herons. Oregon to Mexico, East Coast of U.S., Texas, and Mid-West.
Snowy Egret 20-27". Wing Span 3'2". White heron with black bill, long skinny black legs and yellow feet. During breeding season they have long lacy plumes on their head and back. Young look similar, but have yellow line going up the back of their legs. harsh squeak. 3-5 pale bluish green eggs in sticks or on ground. Often nest with other species of herons. Oregon to California, Arizona, Virginia, W. Indies and S. America.

Hummingbird

Birds Description Noise Nesting Range
Anna's Hummingbird 3.5-4". Medium size, metallic green on top, male has rose crown. Female has red spotted throat. Sharp chip, and rapid chee-chee! 2 white eggs in tiny woven cup in twigs. Pacific coast.

Jays, Crows, Magpies

Birds Description Noise Nesting Range
Common Crow (American Crow) 17-21". Black, smaller than raven, with fan shaped tail. caw-caw! 4-6 light green eggs with dark brown spots. Found in nest in trees. All through U.S. and into Southern Canada in winter.
Common Raven 21-27". Black, larger than Crows and wedge-shaped tail. Soars in flight. wonk-wonk! deep. 4-7 light green eggs with brown spots. Found in nest in trees. Western states and all throughout Canada. Georgia and Great Lakes. Europe, Asia, and N. Africa.

Swallows and Martins

Birds Description Noise Nesting Range
Barn Swallow 5-8". Small, dark blue, and rusty. Chattering and twittering. 4-6 brown spotted white eggs. Often found in mud and grass in rafters of buildings. All over U.S. and into Canada.

Water Birds (Swans, Geese, Ducks)

Birds Description Noise Nesting Range
Bufflehead 13-15". small chubby duck. Male is largely white with black back, head with purplish gloss. Female all dark with single whitish patch on cheek. Male squeaky whistle, female soft hoarse quack. 6-12 pale buff eggs in a mass of down placed in wood pecker hole. Canada, East coast and southern U.S.
Canada Goose 22-26" to 35-45". Brown with black heads, white spot on cheeks when adult Honking 4-8 white eggs in grassy nest on ground near water All over U.S. and Canada
Common Merganser Male: 22-27". Green head. Thin, long, red bill. More vibrantly colored than female.

Female: 22-27". Red/Brown head. White throat. Grayish, dull colored body.

Croaks! 9-12 pale/ivory eggs in trees Throughout U.S. and Canada.
Mallard 18-27". Male: Metallic wings shades of blue and purple. Green head with white ring around neck, gray body and cinnamon colored chest. Female: Brown streaks body and brown bill. Female quacks. Male more quit. 8-10 green eggs in down lined nest. Sometimes in trees or away from water. California, N. New Mexico, Great Lakes, Northeast, Georgia. Also in Canada, E. Alaska, Manitoba, Newfoundland.

Perching Birds

Birds Description Noise Nesting Range
American Goldfinch 4.5-5”. Male bright yellow with white tail. Black head with white edges and black wings and tail with yellow on wings. Female dull and grey with black wings. per-chick-o-ree. 4-5 pale blue eggs in grass nest in shrubs. All over U.S.
Ash Throated Flycatcher 8". Small dull olive above, yellowish below. Purreeer! also soft ka-brick 4-5 creamy white in a nest lined with vegetable fibers found in tree or cactus hole. West of Rockies.
Belted Kingfisher 13" pigeon sized bird. Blue grey above and white below. Bushy crest and dagger like bill. Loud penetrating raddle. 5-8 white in an unlined chamber at the end of a tunnel up to eight feet long or dug sand/gravel bank. All through U.S. and Canada.
Black Phoebe 6-7”. Slate black except for white belly, under tail coverts, and outer tail feathers. Easy identifiers are its erect posture, tail-wagging, insectivorous. A thin buzzy “pi-tsee” song, usually repeated. Call is a sharp, down-slurred chip. 3-6 white eggs, with a few faint speckles, in a mud, moss, and grass nest lined with soft material. Nest could be in a crevice, old building, or among hanging roots near the top if an embankment close to water. Northern California and South and east to west Texas. Also in the Tropics.
Brewer's Black Bird 8-10" robin sized. Male is solid black with purplish blue iridescent head and yellow eyes. Female grey with dark eyes. gurgles, squawks, whistles! 3-5 gray eggs with dark brown spots located in coarse grass place on ground. All over western region and south into Florida and Carolinas.
Brown Headed Cow Bird 6-8". Male is black with glossy brown head. Female plain grey brown. Finch like bill. Squeaky gurgles, call is check! 4-5 white eggs lightly speckled with brown laid one at a time in nest of other song birds. All over U.S. and western Canada
Dark-eyed Junco 5-6.25”. Mostly gray overall, with a reddish-brown back Ringing metallic trill on the same pitch. 3-6 pale bluish or greenish eggs, with variegated blotches concentrated at the larger end. Nest site is shreds of bark, twigs, and mosses lines with soft material, placed on the ground, protected by a rock ledge or other debris. Throughout Canada and south into Mexico for winters. Found all over N. America.
Northern Bullocks Oriole 7-8.5". Male black head, back wings and tail, orange rump, shoulder patch and breast. Female is olive brown with dull yellow underparts. clear flute like whistle single or double notes in short distinct phrases. 4-6 grey eggs spotted with brown, nest is suspended from the tip end of a branch All throughout U.S. except southeast.
Purple Finch 5.5-6.5”. Medium sized. Male has reddish head and off white below, streaked wings with white and brown. Female has white stripe behind eyes, dark stripe on jaw, streaked chest. Musical warble. Tick while in flight. 4-5 bluish/green eggs, with dark brown spot on one end. Found in grasses and twigs in conifer trees. Breeds throughout Canada from west to east coast. Also in CA, then east of the mid-western states of the US.
Red-winged Blackbird 7-9.5". Male: Black with bright red shoulders. Female: Streaked with light and dark shades of brown. o-ka-leeee! 3-5 pale blue eggs, spotted with shades of purple and brown in marsh grass. All throughout United States and Canada.

References

Johnson, Eric. List of Birds.

Udvarty, Miklos D.F. John Farrand Jr. National Audobon Society Field guide to North American Birds, Western Region. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 1998.

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