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[[File:Solarboiler.jpg|thumb|Household uses for heat exchangers. A heat exchanger is used to transfer energy to the potable water from the fluid being heated in the solar collector.]]


<br>
A '''heat exchanger''' is a device built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another. The media may be separated by a solid wall, so that they never mix, or they may be in direct contact.<ref>Kakaç S., Liu H., (2002). Heat Exchangers: Selection, Rating and Thermal Design (2nd ed.) CRC Press. ISBN 0849309026. 311-317.</ref> They are widely used in [[space heating]], [[refrigeration]], [[air conditioning]], power plants, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural gas processing, and sewage treatment. One common example of a heat exchanger is the radiator in a car, in which the heat source, being a hot engine-cooling fluid, water, transfers heat to air flowing through the radiator (i.e. the heat transfer medium).


{| align="right" border="1" style="background:#ABCDEF;"
== Types of Heat Exchangers ==
|-
| '''&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Highlighted Heat exchanger'''
|-
| <br>
|- style="background:white;"
| An idea of how to make your home or business more<br>energy efficient.
|}


<br>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_source_heat_pumps Air source heat pumps]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_and_tube_heat_exchanger Baffle]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_and_tube_heat_exchanger Concentric tube heat exchanger]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countercurrent_exchange Countercurrent exchange]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_water_source_cooling Deep water cooling]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_and_tube_heat_exchanger Downhole heat exchanger]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_scraped_surface_heat_exchanger Dynamic scraped surface heat exchanger]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain_water_heat_recovery Drain water heat recovery]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_recovery_ventilation Energy recovery ventilators]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grate_heater Grate heater]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_propulsion#Heat_Exchanger_.28HX.29_Thruster Heat exchanger thruster]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_recovery_ventilation Heat recovery ventilators]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_bed_heat_exchanger Moving bed heat exchanger]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillowplate Pillow plate]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_fin_heat_exchanger Plate fin heat exchanger]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiator_(heating) Radiator]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recuperator Recuperator]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerative_heat_exchanger Regenerative heat exchanger]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_and_tube_heat_exchanger Shell and tube heat exchanger]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_air_heat Solar air heater]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trombe_wall Solar wall]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_Wheel Thermal wheel]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_heat_recovery_unit Waste Heat Recovery Unit]


Heat Exchangers
== See also ==


A heat exchanger is a device built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another. The media may be separated by a solid wall, so that they never mix, or they may be in direct contact. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power plants, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural gas processing, and sewage treatment. One common example of a heat exchanger is the radiator in a car, in which the heat source, being a hot engine-cooling fluid, water, transfers heat to air flowing through the radiator (i.e. the heat transfer medium).
* [[Solar hot water]]
* [[Ground source heat pumps]]
* [[Expanded microchannel heat exchanger]]


<br>
== External links ==


<br>
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180306202643/https://www.kaltra.de/microchannel-coils Microchannel heat exchangers]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_heat_and_power Cogeneration]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100420101552/http://catalog.asme.org:80/Education/ShortCourse/Heat_Exchanger_Design.cfm Heat Exchanger Design and Operation]
* [http://www.progressivethermalengineering.co.uk/training.htm Progressive Thermal Engineering]
* [https://www.heatexchangers.org/ Heat Exchangers Information and Resources]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210123162322/http://www.ewb-international.org/ Engineers Without Borders]
* [http://www.eswusa.org/ Engineers for a Sustainable World]
* [http://www.heatexchange.org/ Heat Exchange Institute] - Standards
* [http://www.cheresources.com/hteffzz.shtml Heat Exchanger Effectiveness]
* [http://www.exergyllc.com/calculator.php Heat Exchanger Calculator]


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_exchanger
== Funding Opportunities for Engineers ==


<br>
* A list of funding opportunities, mostly in the United States, can be found [https://web.archive.org/web/20160315023502/http://www.smartcommunities.ncat.org/management/financl.shtml here].
* The National Science Foundation (of the USA) is offering an [https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=501027 environmental sustainability program] that supports research in the area of [[Engineering for sustainable development]].
* Canadian homeowners and small business owners can [http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/corporate/incentives.cfm?attr=0 apply for grants and financial initiatives] from Natural Resources Canada for improving energy efficiency.
* The [https://web.archive.org/web/20101008120438/http://www.udayton.edu:80/engineering/opportunities_and_activities.php School of Engineering Learn, Lead and Serve (LLS) Fund] is a program at the Catholic University of Dayton in Ohio that offers $1,000 to $2,000 grants to individuals and groups for engineering research and community service. Grants and scholarships of this type are likely offered to students at other universities and colleges around the world.
* The [https://web.archive.org/web/20180524131829/http://www.energy.ca.gov:80/research/innovations/index.html Energy Innovations Small Grant Program] provides grants for "small businesses, non-profits, individuals and academic institutions to conduct research that establishes the feasibility of new, innovative energy concepts".


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain_water_heat_recovery
== Journals ==


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_recovery_ventilation
* [https://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/30414/authorinstructions Energy Policy]
* [http://www.academicjournals.org/INGOJ/Instruction.htm International NGO Journal]
* [http://www.collegepublishing.us/journal.htm Journal of Green Building]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110518143512/http://journalofsustainability.com:80/lifetype/ Journal of Sustainability]
* [http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/ Journal of Sustainable Development]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130116040532/http://asmedl.org/Solar/ Journal of Solar Energy Engineering]
* [https://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/969/description#description Renewable Energy]


<br>
== Books ==


Energy recovery ventilators (ERVs) are closely related, however ERVs also transfer the humidity level of the exhaust air to the intake air.<br><u>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_recovery_ventilation</u>
* [https://www.amazon.com/Compact-Heat-Exchangers-W-Kays/dp/1575240602 Compact Heat Exchangers]
* [https://www.amazon.com/Fundamentals-Heat-Transfer-Frank-Incropera/dp/0471457280/ref=pd_sim_b_2 Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer]
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0471321710/ref=pd_lpo_k2_dp_sr_3?pf_rd_p=1278548962&pf_rd_s=lpo-top-stripe-1&pf_rd_t=201&pf_rd_i=1575240602&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_r=0KCKZXJSYWM9T6GJQK0N Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger Design]
* [https://www.amazon.com/Handbook-Heat-Transfer-Warren-Rohsenow/dp/0070535558/ref=pd_sim_b_7 Handbook of Heat Transfer]
* [https://www.amazon.com/Heat-Exchangers-Selection-Rating-Thermal/dp/0849309026 Heat Exchangers: Selection, Rating and Thermal Design]


<br>
== Education for Engineering for Sustainable Development ==


<br>
* [[Engineering for Sustainable Development]] is an Appropedia page with external links to education programs and courses.
* The [http://www.engsc.ac.uk/er/sustainable/index.asp Engineering Subject Centre] in the UK offers resources for Education for [[Sustainable Development]].
* The [https://web.archive.org/web/20110614094445/http://me.queensu.ca/sustainability/index.php Applied Sustainability Research Group] is a research group focused on&nbsp;education on engineering for sustainable development at [[Queen's University]] in Canada.&nbsp;
* The [http://www.aashe.org/resources/grad_Sustainable_Development.php Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education] lists education programs in the United States.
* [[Mech425]] is a course offered at Queen's University. [[Mech425 schedule]] is a complete schedule of the course curriculum with links to resources related to [[Open access]], [[Appropriate technology]], [[Green information technology]], [[Solar energy]], the [[Developing world]], [[Socially responsible investing]], [[Industrial symbiosis]], [[Green design principles]], and [[Sustainability]] in general.


Shell and tube heat exchanger
== Tools and Software ==


Plate heat exchanger<br>Plate fin heat exchanger<br>Ground-coupled heat exchanger<br>Dynamic scraped surface heat exchanger<br>Waste Heat Recovery Unit<br>Micro heat exchanger<br>Moving bed heat exchanger
* The [[Open source engineering software]] page has many links to various open source software programs used in engineering.
* [https://www.thingiverse.com/ Thingiverse] is a website where people can share digital designs. It also provides a way to upload non-compliant files to be shared on Appropedia pages.
* [http://reprap.org/wiki/Main_Page RepRap] is an&nbsp;open source rapid prototyping system that is capable of producing its own parts and may be able to manufacture low cost heat exchangers


<br>There are a number of heat exchangers used in Heat recovery ventilation-HRV devices, as diagrammed to the right&nbsp;:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; cross flow heat exchanger up to 60% efficient (passive)<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; countercurrent heat exchanger up to 99% efficient (passive)<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; rotary heat exchanger (requires motor to turn wheel)<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; heat pipes<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; thin multiple heat wires (Fine wire heat exchanger)<br>
== Heat Exchanger Development ==


<br>
* [[Engineering for Sustainable Development]] is an Appropedia page with external links to education programs and courses.
* The [https://web.archive.org/web/20110614094445/http://me.queensu.ca/sustainability/index.php Applied Sustainability Research Group] is an engineering group focused on engineering for sustainable development at [[Queen's University]] in Canada
* The [http://www.aashe.org/resources/grad_Sustainable_Development.php Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education]&nbsp;lists education programs in the United States.
* The&nbsp;[http://www.engsc.ac.uk/er/sustainable/index.asp Engineering Subject Centre]&nbsp;in the UK offers resources for Education for&nbsp;[[Sustainable Development]].


Incoming air<br>The air coming into the heat exchanger should be at least 0°C. Otherwise humidity in the outgoing air may condense, freeze and block the heat exchanger.<br>A high enough incoming air temperature can also be achieved by<br>recirculating some of the exhaust air (causing loss of air quality) when required,<br>by using a very small (1 kW) heat pump to warm the inlet air above freezing before it enters the HRV. (The 'cold' side of this heatpump is situated in the warm air outlet.)<br>using a heating "battery" supplied by heat from a heat source eg hot water circuit from a wood fired boiler, etc.<br>
== Job Opportunities ==


<br>
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150220044134/http://enwave.com:80/career_opportunities.html Enwave]&nbsp;is an innovative company that provides deep lake cooling to its clients
* [http://www.gea-bloksma.com/Career.373.0.html?&L=0 GEA Heat Exchangers]&nbsp;is a manufacturer and repairs heat exchangers
* [http://www.iht-inc.com/about-us/career-opportunities Industrial Heat Transfer]&nbsp;is a designer and manufacturer of heat exchangers for large facilities.
* [https://www.appropedia.org/extensions/FCKeditor/fckeditor/editor/www.SustainJobs.com SustainJobs.com]&nbsp;is a search engine for jobs in the sustainability field.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140811115403/http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/acdi-cida/acdi-cida.nsf/eng/NIC-5492333-HQE The Canadian International Development Agency] has jobs, internships, and volunteer positions for Canadians interested in development work.
* [http://villageearth.org/ Village Earth] has volunteer opportunities in appropriate technology and other areas.


Earth-to-air heat exchanger
{{See also|Jobs}}


<br>
== Videos ==


Heat recovery ventilation, often with an earth-to-air heat exchanger, is essential to achieve German Passivhaus standards.<br>Main article: Ground-coupled heat exchanger
{{Video|GgIwbr6rBbs}}


<br>
{{Video|a6bW8jefL_M}}


<br>
== Work to be done ==


See also....
'''Stubs that need to be expanded:'''


Air conditioning - Health implications<br>HVAC....................&nbsp;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC
* [[Life cycle analysis|https://www.appropedia.org/Heat Exchangers]]


<br>
There are lots of missing pages in Appropedia for heat exchangers, so feel free to pick one and share your knowledge!


<br>
== Footnotes ==


<br>  
<references />


Types:
{{Page data
| part-of = CMAS801
| keywords = Appropriate technology, Engineering, Heat exchangers, Energy conservation, Energy efficiency
| sdg = SDG07 Affordable and clean energy
}}


http://images.wikia.com/solarcooking/images/2/2e/Granada06_david_denkenberger.pdf
[[Category:Videos]]
 
[[Category:Appropriate technology videos]]
The plastic bags was for the heat exchanger - thesis found here:<br>http://gradworks.umi.com/34/19/3419453.html
[[Category:Energy videos]]
 
[[Category:Engineering videos]]
<br>
[[Category:Appropriate technology]]
 
[[Category:Engineering]]
<br>
[[Category:Heat exchangers]]
 
[[Category:Energy efficiency]]
http://www.appropedia.org/Ground_source_heat_pumps
 
http://www.appropedia.org/Solar_hot_water
 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_air_heat
 
http://www.appropedia.org/Measures_to_stop_global_warming
 
http://www.appropedia.org/Original:Solar_thermal_energy
 
solar wall
 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_heat_pump<br>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_exchange_geothermal_heat_pump<br>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_water_source_cooling<br>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy<br>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trombe_wall<br>http://www.appropedia.org/Appropriate_technology
 
<br>
 
http://www.enwave.com/
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
See also: Sterling Engine
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
{{break clear}}
 
{| cellspacing="10"
|- valign="top"
| width="33.3%" | '''<big>Category tree</big>'''
<categorytree>Sustainability</categorytree> <categorytree>Design</categorytree> <categorytree>Engineering</categorytree> <!-- MIDDLE COLUMN: Lists selected pages of interest. -->
 
| width="33.3%" | '''<big>Sample pages</big>'''
'''Developmental Need''':
 
''Water''
 
*[[Uv water treatment]]
 
*[[Hydraulic ram pumps]]
 
''Lighting''
 
*[[LED lighting]]
 
''Electricity''
 
*[[MicroHydro: Civil Engineering Aspects]]  
*[[Photovoltaics]]
 
''Shelter''
 
*[[Papercrete vs. StrawBale]]
 
''Food''
 
*[[How to Practice Sustainable Agriculture]]
 
''Transportation''
 
*[[Vegetable oil as fuel]]
 
<br> '''Conventional Discipline''':
 
''General''
 
*[[Mech425 AT Project]]
 
''Chemical Engineering''
 
*[[Polymer environmental-friendly resin]]
 
*[[Uv water treatment]]
 
''Civil Engineering''
 
*[[MicroHydro: Civil Engineering Aspects]]
 
*[[Papercrete vs. StrawBale]]
 
''Electrical Engineering''
 
*[[LED lighting]]
 
''Materials Engineering''
 
*[[Papercrete vs. StrawBale]]
 
''Mechanical Engineering''
 
*[[Hydraulic ram pumps]]
 
*[[Vegetable oil as fuel]]
 
<br> <!-- RIGHT COLUMN, SHOWS AN EMBEDDED NEWS FEED ON A RELEVANT TOPIC -->
 
| width="33.3%" | '''<big>External Links</big>'''
'''General''':
 
*[http://www.engineersagainstpoverty.org/ Engineers Against Poverty]
*[http://www.ewb-international.org/ Engineers Without Borders]
*[http://www.fost-nepal.org/ The Foundation for Sustainable Technologies]
*[http://www.ncat.org/ National Center for Appropriate Technology]  
*[http://www.eswusa.org/ Engineers for a Sustainable World]  
*[http://www.engineeraid.com/ EngineerAid Official Website]
*[http://www.scienceforhumanity.net/ Science for Humanity]
 
'''Developmental Need''':
 
''Water''
 
*[http://www.lwdgc-africa.org/index.html Life and Water Development Group Cameroon, Africa]
 
''Electricity''
 
*[http://www.hlf.org.np/ The Himalayan Light Foundation]
 
<br> '''Conventional Discipline''':
 
''Architecture Engineering''
 
*[http://www.worldgbc.org/council-development World Green Building Council]
 
*[http://www.aecb.net/ The Sustainable Building Association]
 
<br>
 
''Chemical Engineering''
 
<br> ''Civil Engineering''
 
*[http://www.saice.org.za/ The South African Institution of Civil Engineering]
 
''Electrical Engineering''
 
''Industrial Engineering''
 
*[http://www.nisp.org.uk/ The National Industrial Symbiosis Programme]
 
''Materials Engineering''
 
''Mechanical Engineering''
 
<br>
 
|}
 
= Donation Opportunities  =
 
*[http://blogs.appropedia.org/support-appropedia/ Appropedia]  
*[http://www.kiva.org/ Kiva]
*[http://akvo.org/ Akvo]  
*[http://reprap.org/wiki/Main_Page Rep Rap]  
*[http://laptop.org/en/ One Laptop Per Child]
*[http://www.grameenfoundation.org/?gclid=CPjjjrfIsqECFQuB5QodJivjAw Grameen Foundation]
*[http://www.ewb-international.org/ Engineers Without Borders]
 
<br>
 
= Funding Opportunities for Engineers  =
 
See also: [[Grants]]
 
*A list of funding opportunities, mostly in the United States, can be found [http://www.smartcommunities.ncat.org/management/financl.shtml here].
*The National Science Foundation (of the USA) is offering an [http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=501027 environmental sustainability program] that supports research in the area of [[Engineering for sustainable development]].
*Canadian homeowners and small business owners can [http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/corporate/incentives.cfm?attr=0 apply for grants and financial initiatives] from Natural Resources Canada for improving energy efficiency.
*The [http://www.udayton.edu/engineering/opportunities_and_activities.php School of Engineering Learn, Lead and Serve (LLS) Fund] is a program at the Catholic University of Dayton in Ohio that offers $1,000 to $2,000 grants to individuals and groups for engineering research and community service. Grants and scholarships of this type are likely offered to students at other universities and colleges around the world.
*The Bank of America offers funds to organizations and students through the [http://www.bankofamerica.com/foundation/index.cfm?template=fd_neighborexcell Neighborhood Excellence Initiative]. The initiative supports community work in the areas of education, neighborhood preservation, arts and culture, and health and human services.
*The [http://www.energy.ca.gov/research/innovations/index.html Energy Innovations Small Grant Program] provides grants for "small businesses, non-profits, individuals and academic institutions to conduct research that establishes the feasibility of new, innovative energy concepts".
*Banks like the [http://www.sbcreditunion.com/solarloans.htm Santa Barbara County Federal Credit Union offer loans for installing solar power systems.
*<br>
 
<br>
 
= Job Opportunities  =
 
See also: [[Jobs]]
 
*<br>
 
<br>
 
= Journals  =
 
See also: [[Journals]]
 
*<br>
 
= Work to be Done  =
 
{{get involved}}
 
'''Stubs that need to be expanded:'''
 
*[[Life cycle analysis|http://www.appropedia.org/Heat_Exchangers]]
*<br>
 
See also: [[Suggested projects]]
 
<br>
 
= Heat Exchanger Development =
 
*[[Engineering for Sustainable Development]] is an Appropedia page with external links to education programs and courses.
*[[Service learning]] is a great way to accomplish education while providing a useful service. Engineers learn well through practically applying their skills. See [[Service learning in engineering]] for more information.
*The [http://www.engsc.ac.uk/er/sustainable/index.asp Engineering Subject Centre] in the UK offers resources for Education for [[Sustainable Development]].
*The [http://me.queensu.ca/sustainability/index.php Applied Sustainability Research Group] within the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering at [[Queen's University]] in Kingston, Ontario, Canada led by [[User:J.M.Pearce|J.M.Pearce]] provides the opportunity for research and education on engineering for sustainable development.
*The [http://www.aashe.org/resources/grad_Sustainable_Development.php Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education] lists education programs in the United States.
*<br>
 
<br>
 
= Tools  =
 
*The [[Open source engineering software]] page has many links to various open source software programs used in engineering.
*[http://www.thingiverse.com/ Thingiverse] is a website where people can share digital designs. It also provides a way to upload non-compliant files to be shared on Appropedia pages.
*<br>
 
<br>
 
= Companies involved in creating heat exchangers  =
 
'''United States'''
 
<br>
 
<br> '''Canada'''
 
<br>
 
== Footnotes  ==
 
<references />
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:{{Heat exchanger}}}}
 
[[Category:Engineering]] [[Category:Portals]]

Latest revision as of 14:32, 23 October 2023

Household uses for heat exchangers. A heat exchanger is used to transfer energy to the potable water from the fluid being heated in the solar collector.

A heat exchanger is a device built for efficient heat transfer from one medium to another. The media may be separated by a solid wall, so that they never mix, or they may be in direct contact.[1] They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning, power plants, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, natural gas processing, and sewage treatment. One common example of a heat exchanger is the radiator in a car, in which the heat source, being a hot engine-cooling fluid, water, transfers heat to air flowing through the radiator (i.e. the heat transfer medium).

Types of Heat Exchangers[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

External links[edit | edit source]

Funding Opportunities for Engineers[edit | edit source]

Journals[edit | edit source]

Books[edit | edit source]

Education for Engineering for Sustainable Development[edit | edit source]

Tools and Software[edit | edit source]

  • The Open source engineering software page has many links to various open source software programs used in engineering.
  • Thingiverse is a website where people can share digital designs. It also provides a way to upload non-compliant files to be shared on Appropedia pages.
  • RepRap is an open source rapid prototyping system that is capable of producing its own parts and may be able to manufacture low cost heat exchangers

Heat Exchanger Development[edit | edit source]

Job Opportunities[edit | edit source]

Videos[edit | edit source]

mqdefault.jpgYouTube_icon.svg
mqdefault.jpgYouTube_icon.svg

Work to be done[edit | edit source]

Stubs that need to be expanded:

There are lots of missing pages in Appropedia for heat exchangers, so feel free to pick one and share your knowledge!

Footnotes[edit | edit source]

  1. Kakaç S., Liu H., (2002). Heat Exchangers: Selection, Rating and Thermal Design (2nd ed.) CRC Press. ISBN 0849309026. 311-317.
FA info icon.svg Angle down icon.svg Page data
Part of CMAS801
Keywords appropriate technology, engineering, heat exchangers, energy conservation, energy efficiency
SDG SDG07 Affordable and clean energy
Authors Howard Swartz
License CC-BY-SA-3.0
Language English (en)
Translations Polish
Related 1 subpages, 7 pages link here
Aliases Heat Exchanger, Heat exchanger, Portal:Heat exchangers
Impact 1,666 page views
Created January 18, 2011 by Howard Swartz
Modified October 23, 2023 by StandardWikitext bot
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