One of the principles of permaculture is that every plant should have multiple uses (at least 3? Is this the same as "Stacking Functions"?[verification needed])

As well as the obvious and important use of providing food in various forms, they may provide other functions, like:

  • herbs, which add a lot of flavor and pleasure to the experience of eating, make simple and healthy food taste better (which can save money through buying more simple, basic foods rather than pre-prepared flavored foods), are best used fresh from the garden, and are best available on a whim, rather than having to plan and buy ahead.
  • insect repellents: some herbs also repel insects.
  • shade: under a fruit trees can be a great place to sit, especially in summer.
  • companion plants: This is the belief/principle that certain plants grow better together.
  • enriching the soil, through nitrogen fixation, organic matter or encouraging soil organisms
  • attractive and fragrant flowers and leaves.

Plants which are well known for one purpose sometimes have other valuable uses which are neglected. For example:

  • Plants known for their fruits sometimes have leaves and shoots which are appetizing and healthy as vegetables, for example chayote, grape, some varieties of squash
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