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* [[Photovoltaic charging of ultracapacitors literature review]] - complete lit review | * [[Photovoltaic charging of ultracapacitors literature review]] - complete lit review | ||
* [[Ultracapacitors: MOST]] - methods page, include spec sheets, safety, etc. for using ours. | * [[Ultracapacitors: MOST]] - methods page, include spec sheets, safety, etc. for using ours. | ||
Photovoltaic charging of Ultra capacitors. | |||
Charging Ultra capacitors Topologies: | |||
The Ultra capacitors can be charged mainly using three topologies: | |||
• Constant Current Charging (CCCM) | |||
• Constant Power Charging (CPCM) | |||
• Discontinuous charging | |||
Constant current charging: | |||
A DC-DC buck converter is used to charge the ultra capacitor bank. In the CCCM a constant current is used to charge the bank, the constant current can be monitored by using a series resistance of low value. The voltage across the resistor is measured, and is kept constant by varying the duty ratio of the buck converter, usually by making use of a DSP controller or by using a microcontroller. | |||
Figure 1. Constant current charging mode schematic | |||
As shown in the Figure 1 we can see that in the control circuitry the current through the series resistance is taken as the input (voltage across the resistance /Resistance). This is compared to a constant reference value of current we want to charge the capacitor bank. The PID controller then decides the operating duty ratio of the buck converter. | |||
The CCCM is advantageous when the capacitor bank is at zero voltage, in this situation, if a constant voltage were applied to the terminals of the bank, a large surge of current is drawn in, damaging the on board electronics. | |||
Constant power charging mode: | |||
A DC-DC converter (preferably a buck converter is made use of) in the CPCM. In this mode a constant charging power P is assumed depending on power output of the solar PV module, the input voltage and the input current are measured and then by varying the duty ratio of the buck converter the current drawn is controlled, thereby maintaining the power at a the constant level of P. | |||
Figure 2. Constant Power charging mode schematic. | |||
Similar to the CCCM the duty ratio is varied to control the input current and voltage, this is usually done by using a DSP controller or a microcontroller. | |||
The CPCM is advantageous when the capacitor bank is not at zero voltage and the charging time is a critical issue, this type of charging is usually advantageous in regenerative braking where the, energy generated is for a very small amount of time. | |||
Discontinuous charging: [1] | |||
Discontinuous charging is different from the above two methods, in this method there is no constant current flowing into the capacitor bank. A small inductance is taken, and the circuit is a modification of the Buck converter. Two synchronous Mosfets are used in this circuit. When the Mosfets are turned on the, inductor is charged, and when they are turned off, the inductor is discharged through the two freewheeling diodes to the capacitor bank. | |||
Figure 3. Discontinuous charging schematic. [1] | |||
Revision as of 00:36, 30 May 2013
This project describes the power electronics necessary for charging a bank of ultracapitors with PV
See Also
- Photovoltaic charging of ultracapacitors literature review - complete lit review
- Ultracapacitors: MOST - methods page, include spec sheets, safety, etc. for using ours.
Photovoltaic charging of Ultra capacitors. Charging Ultra capacitors Topologies: The Ultra capacitors can be charged mainly using three topologies: • Constant Current Charging (CCCM) • Constant Power Charging (CPCM) • Discontinuous charging
Constant current charging: A DC-DC buck converter is used to charge the ultra capacitor bank. In the CCCM a constant current is used to charge the bank, the constant current can be monitored by using a series resistance of low value. The voltage across the resistor is measured, and is kept constant by varying the duty ratio of the buck converter, usually by making use of a DSP controller or by using a microcontroller.
Figure 1. Constant current charging mode schematic As shown in the Figure 1 we can see that in the control circuitry the current through the series resistance is taken as the input (voltage across the resistance /Resistance). This is compared to a constant reference value of current we want to charge the capacitor bank. The PID controller then decides the operating duty ratio of the buck converter. The CCCM is advantageous when the capacitor bank is at zero voltage, in this situation, if a constant voltage were applied to the terminals of the bank, a large surge of current is drawn in, damaging the on board electronics. Constant power charging mode: A DC-DC converter (preferably a buck converter is made use of) in the CPCM. In this mode a constant charging power P is assumed depending on power output of the solar PV module, the input voltage and the input current are measured and then by varying the duty ratio of the buck converter the current drawn is controlled, thereby maintaining the power at a the constant level of P.
Figure 2. Constant Power charging mode schematic.
Similar to the CCCM the duty ratio is varied to control the input current and voltage, this is usually done by using a DSP controller or a microcontroller.
The CPCM is advantageous when the capacitor bank is not at zero voltage and the charging time is a critical issue, this type of charging is usually advantageous in regenerative braking where the, energy generated is for a very small amount of time.
Discontinuous charging: [1] Discontinuous charging is different from the above two methods, in this method there is no constant current flowing into the capacitor bank. A small inductance is taken, and the circuit is a modification of the Buck converter. Two synchronous Mosfets are used in this circuit. When the Mosfets are turned on the, inductor is charged, and when they are turned off, the inductor is discharged through the two freewheeling diodes to the capacitor bank.
Figure 3. Discontinuous charging schematic. [1]