Literature Search on PV Penetration

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

Keep alphabetized list of references with notes after in the following format: S. E. Shaheen, C. J. Brabec, N. S. Sariciftci, F. Padinger, T. Fromherz, and J. C. Hummelen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 841 (2001) (hyperlinked title).

See also: User:J.M.Pearce/PV+CHP

This is a list of refs for PV penetration levels (also try solar, photovoltaic, intermittent, or distributed generation penetration/percent/) - this refers to the maximum amount of solar photovoltaic electricity able to be provided reliably on the grid.

• Names, "Title", source, vol. 1, Iss. 2, pp. 888 (year). (hyperlinked title)

Articles

• P. Denholm and R. Margolis, "Very Large-Scale Deployment of Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaics in the United States: Challenges and Opportunities", U.S. Department of Energy, NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory), Conference Paper Preprint for Solar 2006 (2006)([[1]])
  • NOTES:
    • Figures of System Load with and without large PV systems on two summer and two spring days.
    • Model to analyze the impacts of large-scale PV deployment.
  • CONCLUSIONS:
    • 'By increasing the system flexibility, it now becomes at least theoretically possible to provide 50% of the system's energy from PV - although this requires the ability to completely turn off all conventional generation for short periods of time without cost penalty.'
    • 'We found that increasing the flexibility of the electric power system in the simulated system could increase the contribution of PV to perhaps 20%-30%. Beyond this contribution, enabling technologies such as fuel switching in "smart" appliances, dispatchable load from plug-in hybrid or other electric vehicles, or stationary energy storage would be required to enable very high levels of PV contribution to the electric power system.'

• R. Perez, S. Letendre, and C. Herig, "PV and Grid Reliability: Availability of PV Power during Capacity Shortfalls", University of Albany (2001)([[2]])
  • NOTES:
    • Figure of PV Availability during major summer 1999-2000 outages.
  • CONCLUSIONS:
    • 'it would take very little in terms of back-up storage or end-use load management associated with PV to provide the equivalent of firm PV capacity up to significant load penetration levels.'

• P. Denholm, R.M. Margolis, "Evaluating the limits of solar photovoltaics (PV) in traditional electric power systems", Energy Policy, vol.35, pp. 2852-2861 (2007). ([[3]])
  • NOTES:
    • 'we evaluate the ability of PV to provide a large fraction (up to 50%) of a utility system’s energy by comparing hourly output of a simulated large PV system to the amount of electricity actually usable.'
  • CONCLUSIONS:
    • 'The limited flexibility of base load generators produces increasingly large amounts of unusable PV generation when PV provides perhaps 10–20% of a system’s energy.'