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The process of separating chaff and other light trash from threshed grain using wind, fandriven air or screens.
The process of separating chaff and other light trash from threshed grain using wind, fandriven air or screens.
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Revision as of 19:35, 14 July 2011

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Traditional Field Crops (Peace Corps, 1981, 283 p.)

Glossary

Crop rotation:

The repetitive growing of an orderly succession of crops on the same field.

Field trial:

An on-farm trial repeated simultaneously on a number of local farms to compare a new practice or "package" of practices with the present practice or practices. It is designed to obtain information, not as a demonstration.

Fungicide:

Any pesticide that kills or halts the development of fungi.

Herbicide:

Any pesticide that kills weeds.

Hybrid:

A type of improved crop variety produced by crossing two or more inbred lines of a crop.

Legume:

Any plant belonging to the Leguminosae Family whose members all produce their seeds in pods. Legumes can satisfy part or all of their nitrogen needs through a symbiotic relationship with Rhizobia bacteria that form nodules on the roots. Beans, cowpeas soybeans, mungbeans, lima beans, chickpeas, pigeonpeas, and peas are legumes.

Monoculture:

The repetitive growing of a single crop on the same field year after year.

Multiple cropping:

The growing of two or more different crops at the same time on the same field: also referred to as intercropping.

Nematodes:

Tiny, colorless, threadlike roundworms that live in the soil and parasitize plant roots.

Nitrogen fixation:

The beneficial process by which Rhizobia bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants. Rhizobia bacteria are associated only with legumes.

Phosphorus fixation:

The process by which added fertilizer phosphorus becomes tied-up as insoluble compounds in the soil and unavailable to plants. Phosphorus fixation is a problem on all soils but is especially severe on highly weathered, acid, red tropical soils.

Pulse:

A legume crop whose mature dry seeds are suitable for human consumption; examples are beans, cowpeas, soybeans, chickpeas, and mungbeans.

Result test:

See field trial.

Rhizobia:

A type of bacteria associated with legumes and capable of nitrogen fixation.

Soil texture:

The relative amount of sand, silt, and clay in a given soil.

Soil filth:

The current physical condition of a soil in terms of its workability and ease of moisture absorption. A soil's filth can vary markedly with its texture, humus content, and current moisture content.

Systemic insecticide:

An insecticide that is absorbed into the plant sap and translocated (transported) throughout the plant.

Threshing:

The process of separating the seeds of cereal and pulse crops from the seedheads, cobs or pods.

Tillering:

The production of sideshoots by a crop during its growth; tillering is common in millet and sorghum.

Transpiration:

The loss of soil moisture by plant root absorption and passage into the air through the leaf pores.

Winnowing:

The process of separating chaff and other light trash from threshed grain using wind, fandriven air or screens.

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