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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
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|F_1: atlantic salmon<ref>Salmo salar native to the northern Atlantic Ocean; found mainly in the waters off Greenland to the northern eastern and western Atlantic coasts</ref>
|F_1: atlantic salmon<ref>Salmo salar native to the northern Atlantic Ocean; found mainly in the waters off Greenland to the northern eastern and western Atlantic coasts</ref>, coho salmon<ref>Oncorhynchus kisutch native to both sides of the North Pacific Ocean, from Hokkaidō, Japan and eastern Russian, around the Bering Sea to mainland Alaska, and south to Monterey Bay, California</ref>
|-
|-
|SF_1: <ref>(Latin name) native to ?</ref>
|SF_1: <ref>(Latin name) native to ?</ref>
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|H_4: gutweed<ref>[http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=37 Enteromorpha intestinalis native to UK, North America, Carribean, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Fiji, Antarctica]</ref>, Gelidiella acerosa<ref>[http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=1865 Gelidiella acerosa native to Azores, Cape Verde, Caribbean, Gabon, Mozambique, islands in Indian ocean, Asia, Japan</ref>, Sargassum echinocarpum<ref>[http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=20915 Sargassum echinocarpum native to Indian ocean to Hawaii]</ref>, Caulerpa lentillifera<ref>[https://seaweedindustry.com/seaweed/type/caulerpa-lentillifera Caulerpa lentillifera native to Indian and North Pacific ocean]</ref>, Sargassum swartzii<ref>[http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=18398 Sargassum swartzii native to India, to Philippines, Korea, Japan, Indonesia, ...]</ref>
|H_4: gutweed<ref>[http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=37 Enteromorpha intestinalis native to UK, North America, Carribean, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Fiji, Antarctica]</ref>, Gelidiella acerosa<ref>[http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=1865 Gelidiella acerosa native to Azores, Cape Verde, Caribbean, Gabon, Mozambique, islands in Indian ocean, Asia, Japan</ref>, Sargassum echinocarpum<ref>[http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=20915 Sargassum echinocarpum native to Indian ocean to Hawaii]</ref>, Caulerpa lentillifera<ref>[https://seaweedindustry.com/seaweed/type/caulerpa-lentillifera Caulerpa lentillifera native to Indian and North Pacific ocean]</ref>, Sargassum swartzii<ref>[http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=18398 Sargassum swartzii native to India, to Philippines, Korea, Japan, Indonesia, ...]</ref>
|-
|-
|F_5: steelhead trout<ref>Oncorhynchus mykiss native to tributaries of northwestern Mexico to North America and eastern Russia</ref>
|F_5: steelhead trout<ref>Oncorhynchus mykiss native to tributaries of northwestern Mexico to North America and eastern Russia</ref>, coho salmon<ref>Oncorhynchus kisutch native to both sides of the North Pacific Ocean, from Hokkaidō, Japan and eastern Russian, around the Bering Sea to mainland Alaska, and south to Monterey Bay, California.</ref>
|-
|-
|SF_5: whiteleg shrimp<ref>Litopenaeus vannamei native to eastern Pacific Ocean, from the Mexican state of Sonora as far south as northern Peru.</ref>, giant tiger prawn <ref>Penaeus monodon native to Indo-West-Pacific, from the eastern coast of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, as far as Southeast Asia, the Sea of Japan and northern Australia.</ref>
|SF_5: whiteleg shrimp<ref>Litopenaeus vannamei native to eastern Pacific Ocean, from the Mexican state of Sonora as far south as northern Peru.</ref>, giant tiger prawn <ref>Penaeus monodon native to Indo-West-Pacific, from the eastern coast of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, as far as Southeast Asia, the Sea of Japan and northern Australia.</ref>

Revision as of 11:36, 22 October 2012

Why native organisms ?

Native organisms can be expected to fit the ecology of the region, and be able to grow in the climate and soil of the region. However, native organisms may not always be as productive as the more popular domesticated counterparts or attain equally high prices. The latter is often a result of being not well known (and thus disliked) by the population (at least at first).

Native organisms should always be considered in aquaculture and food security, and should be picked wherever possible. They are however not the most appropriate choice in some situations. Especially where unwanted propagation, and contact to the outside environment can be reduced/eliminated (ie use in water tanks, ponds entirely secluded from the sea, ...) non-indigenous organisms may be a suitable option.

Note that although the amount of marine organisms is much greater than what is mentioned in the list, we only specify species here that are usable for aquaculture. Most types of organisms can not be kept in captivity (ie they may have very specific needs, are very susceptible to stress, sea lice, oxygen fluctuations in the water, water quality, ..)

Also note that on the map below, the amount of plankton per region is marked. Although many organisms grown in aquaculture do not/can not consume plankton, it is often still possible to use the locally available plankton to feed the organisms we grow. This, by also growing another organism (that can be fed on plankton) and use this as food for the organisms we grow. We can btw also process waste (ie feces) of organisms we grow and use this to grow halofytes as food for other organisms. These methods allow far more cost-efficient production, and also decrease pressure on the environment. See Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture.

Types of native organisms by region

File:Indigenous marine organisms.png
Indigenous fish, shellfish and halofytes map.

Type of organisms indicated in this article

Fish: abbreviation F_ followed by a number to indicate the region. Also includes fish grown for roe
Shellfish: abbreviation SF_ followed by a number to indicate the region. Shellfish includes crustaceans and mollusks
Halofytes: abbreviation H_ followed by a number to indicate the region. These crops are either coastal crops (so growing on land, but capable of being flooded or sprayed with salt water, ie Salicornia W ), floating plants (which live in deeper water yet which head their flower heads come above water and also still have their roots in the ground, ie Nuphar lutea W), submerged (rooted) plants (which are entirely submerged yet are rooted in soil, ...; ie coral, most seaweed), or submerged (not-rooted) plants (which are entirely submerged and are not rooted in soil, ... ; ie most algae)


Regions

For a map showing the location of the oceans and seas, see here Note that some fish mentioned may be anadromous

Region 1: Arctic ocean (from North Sea to Beaufort sea[1])
Region 2: North Atlantic Ocean (from Caribbean Sea to Aral Sea [2])
Region 3: South Atlantic Ocean (from the coast of Uruguay over to the western coast of South Africa to the coast of Liberia and the coast of French Guyana)
Region 4: Indian Ocean (from west coast of South Africa to Coral Sea[3])
Region 5: North Pacific Ocean (from Phillipine Sea to Gulf of Alaska/Gulf of California[4]
Region 6: South Pacific Ocean (from northern coast of New Zealand to the southern coast of Peru) and Southern Ocean (from Scotia Sea over the Tasman Sea and to the southern coast of Chili[5])

Names of the native organisms

F_1: atlantic salmon[6], coho salmon[7]
SF_1: [8]
H_1: badderlocks[9], bladderwrack[10], false Irish moss[11], channelled wrack[12], dulse[13], gutweed[14], Porphyra laciniata[15], Fucus spiralis[16], thongweed[17], oarweed[18], Saccharina latissima[19], Irish moss[20]
F_2: [21]
SF_2: [22]
H_2: gutweed[23], Gelidiella acerosa[24], Porphyra umbilicalis[25], Fucus spiralis[26], thongweed[27], Saccharina latissima[28], Irish moss[29]
F_3: [30]
SF_3: [31]
H_3: gutweed[32]
F_4: [33]
SF_4: giant tiger prawn [34]
H_4: gutweed[35], Gelidiella acerosa[36], Sargassum echinocarpum[37], Caulerpa lentillifera[38], Sargassum swartzii[39]
F_5: steelhead trout[40], coho salmon[41]
SF_5: whiteleg shrimp[42], giant tiger prawn [43]
H_5: arame[44], Eucheuma spinosum[45], Kappaphycus alvarezii[46], gutweed[47], Gelidiella acerosa[48], Gracilaria edulis[49], hijiki[50], kombu[51], mozuku[52], Porphyra yezoensis[53], Porphyra tenera[54], wakame[55], Sargassum echinocarpum[56], Sargassum cinetum[57], Sargassum swartzii[58]
F_6: [59]
SF_6: [60]
H_6: carola[61], cochayuyo[62], gutweed[63]

References

Template:Reflist

Notes

  • Certain submerged plants can also provide extra oxygen to the water, allowing (certain) fish to survive if planted in the area, even if the water had low amounts of in oxygen; see Treatment_ponds.
  • In certain situations, it is possible to place seaweed and/or other marine farms in such a way that it obstructs areas behind the farm, preventing fishing at that location. This method could allow the creation of places where (the still young) fish can hide, a bit similar to mangroves. Off course, fishing should then also not be exerciced by the owner of the marine farm.

See also

External links

  1. Hence also includes Baltic Sea, Norwegian Sea, Greenland Sea, Barents Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Labrador Sea
  2. Hence also includes Celtic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Azov Sea, Caspian Sea
  3. Hence also includes Mozambique Channel, Arabian Sea, Andaman Sea, South China Sea, Celebes Sea, Java Sea, Timor Sea, Banda Sea, Arafura Sea
  4. Hence also includes East China Sea, Yellow Sea, Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea
  5. Hence also includes Wedell Sea
  6. Salmo salar native to the northern Atlantic Ocean; found mainly in the waters off Greenland to the northern eastern and western Atlantic coasts
  7. Oncorhynchus kisutch native to both sides of the North Pacific Ocean, from Hokkaidō, Japan and eastern Russian, around the Bering Sea to mainland Alaska, and south to Monterey Bay, California
  8. (Latin name) native to ?
  9. Alaria esculenta native to the vicinity of the United Kingdom
  10. Fucus vesiculosus native to the vicinity of the United Kingdom
  11. [http://www.marlin.ac.uk/speciesinformation.php?speciesID=3773 Mastocarpus stellatus native to the vicinity of the United Kingdom (mostly on the western side)
  12. Pelvetia canaliculata native to the region Iceland-Norway-UK-Netherlands
  13. Palmaria palmata native to the region Iceland-UK
  14. Enteromorpha intestinalis native to UK, North America, Carribean, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Fiji, Antarctica
  15. Porphyra laciniata native to Ireland, France
  16. Fucus spiralis native to UK, north America and coasts of western Europe
  17. Himanthalia elongata native to North Sea, Baltic Sea south to Portugal
  18. Laminaria digitata native to region from UK to France
  19. Saccharina latissima native from UK and Barents Sea to Spain
  20. Chondrus crispus native from UK and Iceland to Baltic Sea and southern Spain
  21. (Latin name) native to ?
  22. (Latin name) native to ?
  23. Enteromorpha intestinalis native to UK, North America, Carribean, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Fiji, Antarctica
  24. [http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=1865 Gelidiella acerosa native to Azores, Cape Verde, Caribbean, Gabon, Mozambique, islands in Indian ocean, Asia, Japan
  25. Porphyra umbilicalis native to France, Italy, Egypt
  26. Fucus spiralis native to UK, north America and coasts of western Europe
  27. Himanthalia elongata native to North Sea, Baltic Sea south to Portugal
  28. Saccharina latissima native from UK and Barents Sea to Spain
  29. Chondrus crispus native from UK and Iceland to Baltic Sea and southern Spain
  30. (Latin name) native to ?
  31. (Latin name) native to ?
  32. Enteromorpha intestinalis native to UK, North America, Carribean, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Fiji, Antarctica
  33. (Latin name) native to ?
  34. Penaeus monodon native to Indo-West-Pacific, from the eastern coast of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, as far as Southeast Asia, the Sea of Japan and northern Australia.
  35. Enteromorpha intestinalis native to UK, North America, Carribean, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Fiji, Antarctica
  36. [http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=1865 Gelidiella acerosa native to Azores, Cape Verde, Caribbean, Gabon, Mozambique, islands in Indian ocean, Asia, Japan
  37. Sargassum echinocarpum native to Indian ocean to Hawaii
  38. Caulerpa lentillifera native to Indian and North Pacific ocean
  39. Sargassum swartzii native to India, to Philippines, Korea, Japan, Indonesia, ...
  40. Oncorhynchus mykiss native to tributaries of northwestern Mexico to North America and eastern Russia
  41. Oncorhynchus kisutch native to both sides of the North Pacific Ocean, from Hokkaidō, Japan and eastern Russian, around the Bering Sea to mainland Alaska, and south to Monterey Bay, California.
  42. Litopenaeus vannamei native to eastern Pacific Ocean, from the Mexican state of Sonora as far south as northern Peru.
  43. Penaeus monodon native to Indo-West-Pacific, from the eastern coast of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, as far as Southeast Asia, the Sea of Japan and northern Australia.
  44. Eisenia bicyclis native to the vicinity of Japan
  45. [http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~legneref/botany/medicine.htm Eucheuma spinosum native to region east of Asia (ie Phillipines, ...)
  46. Kappaphycus alvarezii native from Phillipines/Indonesia to FS Micronesia and Mariana Islands
  47. Enteromorpha intestinalis native to UK, North America, Carribean, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Fiji, Antarctica
  48. [http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=1865 Gelidiella acerosa native to Azores, Cape Verde, Caribbean, Gabon, Mozambique, islands in Indian ocean, Asia, Japan
  49. Gracilaria edulis native to Indonesia
  50. Sargassum fusiforme native to China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea
  51. Saccharina japonica native to Russia, Japan, Korea
  52. Cladosiphon okamuranus native to Japan
  53. Porphyra yezoensis native to Japan, China, Korea
  54. Porphyra tenera native to Japan
  55. Undaria pinnatifida native to Japan, Korea and China
  56. Sargassum echinocarpum native to Indian ocean to Hawaii
  57. Sargassum cinetum native to Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia
  58. Sargassum swartzii native to India, to Philippines, Korea, Japan, Indonesia, ...
  59. (Latin name) native to ?
  60. (Latin name) native to ?
  61. Callophyllis variegata native to region New Zealand - Antartica- Argentina
  62. Durvillaea antarctica native to region southern New Zealand - Chili
  63. Enteromorpha intestinalis native to UK, North America, Carribean, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Fiji, Antarctica
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