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Why native crops ?

Native crops can be expected to fit the ecology of the region, and be able to grow in the climate and soil of the region. However, native crops may not always be as productive as the more popular domesticated counterparts or attain equally high prices. The latter is often a result of being not well known (and thus disliked) by the population (at least at first).

Native crops should always be considered in agriculture and food security, and should be picked wherever possible. They are however not the most appropriate choice in some situations. Especially where unwanted propagation, and contact to the outside environment can be reduced/eliminated (ie use in greenhouses, sterile crops, ...) non-indigenous crops may be a suitable option.

Types of native crops by region

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Indigenous staple, secondary and tertiary crops map. Map key required.

Type of crops indicated in this article

Primary crops: divided in primary crops carbohydrates (PC_C_) and primary crops protein (PC_C_). Both abbreviations are followed by a number to indicate the region.
Secondary crops: abbreviation SC_ followed by a number to indicate the region. These are generally herbs, spices (most widely used kitchen herbs/spices) or crops for making beverages
Supplementary (or tertiary) crops: TC_ followed by a number to indicate the region. These crops are generally sweet crops or sweeteners

Not indicated crops

Fruits or "quartary crops" are not indicated on this page. Quintary crops or vegetables are also not indicated. Separate maps of both can be found via the links below.

Regions

Region 1: East-Asia
Region 2: Oceania
Region 3: Central-Asia
Region 4: West-Asia & South-Europe
Region 5: North-Africa & South-Africa
Region 6: Central-Africa
Region 7: North-Europe, North-Asia & North-America
Region 8: Central-America
Region 9: South-America (north)
Region 10: South-America (central)
Region 11: South-America (south)

Names of the native crops

PC_C_1: rice, foxtail millet [1][2]
PC_P_1: soybean [3], wild Azuki bean[4][5], wild rice bean[6]
SC_1: tea bush [7]
TC_1: monk fruit [8][9]
PC_C_2: yam[10], swamp taro [11]
PC_P_2:
SC_2: great morinda [12], common nutmeg[13]
TC_2: sugarcane [14], Arenga palm[15], Asian Palmyra Palm [16], Nypa fruticans [17], True Sago Palm (for palm sugar production)[18], New Guinea Palmyra Palm[19][20]
TC_2-1: coconut [21]
PC_C_3: taro [22]
PC_P_3: Moringa oleifera [23], broad bean[24][25]Moth bean [26][27], Horse Gram[28][29]Guar bean, [30][31]wild Mung bean [32], Wild pigeon pea [33]
SC_3: black pepper [34], Hibiscus sabdariffa [35], lemon grass [36], Ceylon cinnamon [37], basil [38]
TC_3: Indian date palm (for palm sugar production)[39], Caryota urens [40]
PC_C_4: wheat, rye [41][42]
PC_P_4: oat [43][44], wild pea [45], wild chickpea[46], lentil [47]
SC_4: rosemary [48], spear mint [49], dill [50], coriander [51], saffron [52], anise [53], black and white mustard [54]
TC_4: Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) [55][56]
PC_C_5: pearl millet, barley [57][58]
PC_P_5: wild cow pea[59][60]
SC_5: Kola nut [61]
TC_5: African Palmyra Palm[62], Ake Assi's Palmyra Palm[63][64]
TC_5-2:Borassus madagascariensis[65][66]
PC_C_6: Sorghum bicolor, teff [67][68]
PC_P_6: Wild hyacinth bean[69], White Wild Musk Mallow[70][71][72]
SC_6: coffee plant (coffea arabica, coffea robusta)[73]
TC_6:
PC_C_7: buckwheat [74][75]
PC_P_7: Amaranthus hypochondriacus[76][77][78], American groundnut[79]
SC_7: sassafras albidum [80], Ephedra [81]
PC_P_7-2: Flatpod peavine[82]
SC_7-2: rosa canina [83], small-leaved linden [84], valerian [85], chamomile [86], garlic/Allium longicuspis [87]
TC_7: birch (Betula papyrifera var. humilis and Betula neoalaskana)[88], sugar maple[89]
TC_7-2: honey (from Apis mellifera mellifera)[90][91][92], sweet cicely root[93],licorice [94]
PC_C_8: maize [95]
PC_P_8: Amaranthus cruentus [96][97][98][99],wild runner beanCite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag
SC_8: vanilla [100]
TC_8: sugar pine [101], Agave salmiana, Agave tequilana [102]
PC_C_9: potato [103]
PC_P_9: quinoa [104][105][106], Amaranthus caudatus [107][108][109][110], lima bean [111][112], peanut
SC_9: Capsicum annuum [113], guarana [114]
TC_9: Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni and other species [115][116], yacón syrup [117]
PC_C_10: cassava [118]
PC_P_10:
SC_10:
TC_10:
PC_C_11: sweet potato [119][120]
PC_P_11:
SC_11: yerba maté [121]
TC_11:

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Note

  • Sugar beet wasn't included as it is a selected species from Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima

Kombucha not mentioned as it can be made anywhere without danger of introducing a exotic species to the area (uses a bacteria or yeast)

  • Coca (for coca maté) and kava not mentioned neither, despite being a important local drink. This, as they're mostly mind-altering substances rather than true drinks (unlike yeasted beverages (containing ethanol), they can cause vomoting, ... even when consuming small amounts)
  • Finally note that many beverages (ie lemonade, ...) require fruit juice (often from citrus such as lime or lemon). Refer to the Fruits and nuts map for this, not btw that these too have low caloric contents (other citrus crops have higher caloric contents)

Further information

See also

  1. ↑ Rice's origin= China, 3 locations along Yangtsekiang
  2. ↑ Foxtail millet origin=China (though somewhat more north than indicated)
  3. ↑ Soybean's origin=Korea
  4. ↑ Vigna angularis var. nipponensis ancestor to Azuki bean
  5. ↑ Wild azuki bean native to Japan
  6. ↑ Vigna umbellata var.gracilis native to Southern China, near Vietnam
  7. ↑ Tea bush (var. sinensis) native to western Yunnan, while C. sinensis var. assamica is native to the warmer parts of Assam (India)
  8. ↑ Monk fruit native to china, near taiwan
  9. ↑ Luo han guo
  10. ↑ Yam's origin=Indonesia
  11. ↑ Swamp taro origin=melanesia
  12. ↑ Great morinda native to Southeast Asia (Indonesia) and Australia
  13. ↑ Common nutmeg native to the Banda Islands of Indonesia
  14. ↑ Sugarcane encompassing 37 species, indigenous to tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia. Different species likely originated in different locations, with S. barberi originating in India and S. edule and S. officinarum coming from New Guinea
  15. ↑ Arenga pinnata palm native to tropical Asia, from eastern India east to Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines in the east.
  16. ↑ Borassus flabellifer native along the entire northern shores of the Indian Ocean, from the mouth of the Tigris to New Guinea, yet more dominant in region between Indonesia and Pakistan
  17. ↑ Nypa fruticans native within the Indomalaya ecozone -in southern Asia, Indochina, the Malesian region, and northern Australia-
  18. ↑ Metroxylon sagu native to western New Guinea
  19. ↑ Borassus heineanus native to New Guinea
  20. ↑ Borassus heineanus used probably as a same way as Borassus akeasi, so not for palm sugar
  21. ↑ Cocunut's origin: somewhere between northwest-South america and Melanesia
  22. ↑ Taro origin=between India & Bangladesh
  23. ↑ Moringa oleifera native to northwestern India
  24. ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicia_faba Vicia faba has been cultivated since 6000 BC, unknown ancestor
  25. ↑ Vicia faba native to Afghanistan
  26. ↑ Phaseolus aconitifolius native to East India
  27. ↑ Moth bean can be consumed by humans
  28. ↑ Macrotyloma uniflorum native to India
  29. ↑ Horse Gram being high in protein content, can be consumed as seed or meal for humans
  30. ↑ Cyamopsis tetragonoloba native to northwest India
  31. ↑ http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/guar.html Guar bean rich in protein
  32. ↑ Vigna radiata var.sublobata native to India
  33. ↑ Cajanus cajan native to north-east India
  34. ↑ Black pepper native to Western Ghats of Kerala State, India
  35. ↑ Hibiscus sabdariffa native to tropical Asia, from India to Malaysia
  36. ↑ Lemon grass species native to Southern India, Sri Lanka
  37. ↑ Ceylon cinnamon native to Sri Lanka
  38. ↑ Basil native to northeast India
  39. ↑ Indian date palm native to southern Pakistan, most of India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh
  40. ↑ Caryota urens native to Sri Lanka, Singapore, Myanmar, and India
  41. ↑ Wheat origin=Fertile Crescent, Near East
  42. ↑ Rye origin=Fertile Crescent, Near East
  43. ↑ Oat origin=Fertile Crescent, Near East
  44. ↑ Oat having high comparitive protein content, thus usable as PC_P crop
  45. ↑ Pisum sativum elatius native to Bulgaria - Mediterranean basin, Near East. Earliest archaeological finds of peas come from Neolithic Syria, Turkey and Jordan.
  46. ↑ Cicer reticulatum native to southeastern Turkey and Syria
  47. ↑ Lentils native to eastern Turkey, north Syria
  48. ↑ Rosemary native to the Mediterranean area
  49. ↑ Mentha cordifolia native to much of Europe and southwest Asia
  50. ↑ Dill native to southern Russia/East Europe
  51. ↑ Coriander native to southwestern Asia west to north Africa
  52. ↑ Saffron native to Southwest Asia, near Greece
  53. ↑ Anise native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia
  54. ↑ Black mustard native to southern Mediterranean region, white mustard (sinapis alba) native to the Mediterranean region and the Crimea
  55. ↑ Date palm native to Persian Gulf, near Syria
  56. ↑ Note that other data palms too exist, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_(plant) yet not all are used for human consumption
  57. ↑ Pearl millet origin=West Africa, near the Sahel strip
  58. ↑ Barley origin=Egypt
  59. ↑ Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata var spontanea ancestor of cow pea
  60. ↑ Wild cow pea native to West Africa, native to savanna
  61. ↑ Kola nut native to the tropical forests of West Africa
  62. ↑ Borassus aethiopum native to Sudan and the whole northern Sahelian border, in particular in the east an in savannah vegetation
  63. ↑ Borassus akeassii native to West Africa, ie Burkina Faso
  64. ↑ Borassus akeassii mainly used for preparing drinks, not for palm sugar
  65. ↑ Borassus madagascariensis native to Madagascar
  66. ↑ Sambirano Palmyra Palm also exists in Madagascar yet has no particular use, ref:Plant Resources of Tropical Africa: Vegetables by G. J. H. Grubben
  67. ↑ Origin sorghum bicolor= between Ehiopia & Sudan (also named Sudanese grass)
  68. ↑ Teff origin=Ethiopia
  69. ↑ Lablab purpureus subsp. uncinatus native to East Africa
  70. ↑ Abelmoschus ficulneus ancestor of Abelmoschus esculentus
  71. ↑ Abelmoschus ficulneus native to Ethiopia
  72. ↑ Abelmoschus ficulneus bearing edible fruit
  73. ↑ Coffee native to Ethiopia
  74. ↑ Buckwheat origin=northern hemisphere
  75. ↑ http://www.cliffordawright.com/caw/food/entries/display.php/topic_id/9/id/122/ Buckwheat origin=between Lac Baikal & Manchuria]
  76. ↑ Compararing protein crops
  77. ↑ Amaranth high in nutrients, useful as PC_P crop
  78. ↑ Amaranthus hypochondricus origin=North America
  79. ↑ Apios americana native to eastern southern, central North America
  80. ↑ Sassafras albidum native to eastern North America, from southern Maine and southern Ontario west to Iowa, and south to central Florida and eastern Texas
  81. ↑ Ephedra funerea, Ephedra viridis and Ephedra nevadensis native to Nevada, California
  82. ↑ Lathyrus cicera native to south-east Europe, ancestor of Lathyrus sativa
  83. ↑ Rosa canina native to Europe, including Britain, northwest Africa and western Asia
  84. ↑ small-leaved linden native to much of Europe and western Asia
  85. ↑ Valerian native to Europe and parts of Asia
  86. ↑ chamomile native to Europe and Western Asia
  87. ↑ Allium longicuspis native to central and southwestern Asia
  88. ↑ Betula papyrifera var. humilis and Betula neoalaskana native to Alaska, northern Canada
  89. ↑ Sugar maple (used to make maple syrup) native to the hardwood forests of northeastern North America, from Nova Scotia west to southern Ontario, and south to Georgia and Texas.
  90. ↑ Apis florea and Apis andreniformis native to South and South East Asia (including the Philippines)
  91. ↑ Apis mellifera mellifera native to East-Europe
  92. ↑ Apis mellifera having 14 subspecies, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeybee and http://www.imkerpedia.nl/wiki/index.php/Ondersoorten_van_de_Apis_mellifera
  93. ↑ Sweet cicely native to Europe
  94. ↑ Licorice native to southeastern Europe, near Romania/Bulgaria
  95. ↑ Maize's origin=Mexico
  96. ↑ Compararing protein crops
  97. ↑ Amaranth high in nutrients, useful as PC_P crop
  98. ↑ Amaranthus cruentus origin=Central America
  99. ↑ Amaranthus cruentus origin=Central America
  100. ↑ Vanilla native to Mexico
  101. ↑ Sugar pine native to the mountains of the Pacific coast of North America, from Oregon through California to Baja California
  102. ↑ Agave salmiana and Agave tequilana native to central Mexico
  103. ↑ Potato origin=Peru
  104. ↑ Quinoa indigenous to Peru, protein content=14g/100g serving
  105. ↑ Quinoa origin=around Lake Titicaca
  106. ↑ Quinoa having high comparitive protein content, hence useful as PC_P_ crop
  107. ↑ Comparing protein crops
  108. ↑ Amaranth high in nutrients, useful as PC_P crop
  109. ↑ Amaranthus caudatus origin=Peru
  110. ↑ Amaranthus causates origin=south America
  111. ↑ Phaseolus lunatus origin=Andes
  112. ↑ Phaseolus lunatus var. silvester Baudet ancestor of Lima bean
  113. ↑ Capsicum species having a common ancestor which originated somewhere in the northwest Brazil - Colombia area
  114. ↑ Guarana native to the Amazon, in the region of Manaus and Parintins
  115. ↑ Stevia encompassing 240 species, native to subtropical and tropical regions from western North America to South America
  116. ↑ Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni is native to Paraguay
  117. ↑ Yacón native to lower Andes/Peru
  118. ↑ Cassava origin= west-central Brazil
  119. ↑ Sweet potato origin=South America
  120. ↑ Cassava's origin
  121. ↑ Yerba maté native to subtropical South America in northeastern Argentina, Bolivia, southern Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay
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