Tag: n
(→‎Names of the native crops: added additional plants)
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|SC_2: great morinda <ref>Great morinda native to Southeast Asia (Indonesia) and Australia</ref>, common nutmeg<ref>Common nutmeg native to the Banda Islands of Indonesia</ref>
|SC_2: great morinda <ref>Great morinda native to Southeast Asia (Indonesia) and Australia</ref>, common nutmeg<ref>Common nutmeg native to the Banda Islands of Indonesia</ref>
|-
|-
|TC_2: sugarcane <ref>Sugarcane encompassing 37 species, indigenous to tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia. Different species likely originated in different locations, with S. barberi originating in India and S. edule and S. officinarum coming from New Guinea</ref>, gomuti <ref>Gomuti palm native to tropical Asia, from eastern India east to Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines in the east.</ref>, Borassus flabelliformis <ref>Borassus flabelliformis native along the entire northern shores of the Indian Ocean, from the mouth of the Tigris to New Guinea</ref>, Nypa fruticans <ref>Nypa fruticans native within the Indomalaya ecozone -in southern Asia, Indochina, the Malesian region, and northern Australia-</ref>, True Sago Palm (for palm sugar production)<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metroxylon_sagu Metroxylon sagu native to western New Guinea]</ref>
|TC_2: sugarcane <ref>Sugarcane encompassing 37 species, indigenous to tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia. Different species likely originated in different locations, with S. barberi originating in India and S. edule and S. officinarum coming from New Guinea</ref>, gomuti <ref>Gomuti palm native to tropical Asia, from eastern India east to Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines in the east.</ref>, Asian Palmyra Palm <ref>Borassus flabellifer native along the entire northern shores of the Indian Ocean, from the mouth of the Tigris to New Guinea, yet more dominant in region between Indonesia and Pakistan</ref>, Nypa fruticans <ref>Nypa fruticans native within the Indomalaya ecozone -in southern Asia, Indochina, the Malesian region, and northern Australia-</ref>, True Sago Palm (for palm sugar production)<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metroxylon_sagu Metroxylon sagu native to western New Guinea]</ref>, New Guinea Palmyra Palm<ref>Borassus heineanus native to New Guinea</ref><[http://www.palms.org/palmsjournal/2003/bheineanus.htm Borassus heineanus used probably as a same way as Borassus akeasi, so not for palm sugar]</ref>
|-
|-
|TC_2-1: coconut <ref>Cocunut's origin: somewhere between northwest-South america and Melanesia</ref>
|TC_2-1: coconut <ref>Cocunut's origin: somewhere between northwest-South america and Melanesia</ref>
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|SC_5: Kola nut <ref>Kola nut native to the tropical forests of West Africa</ref>
|SC_5: Kola nut <ref>Kola nut native to the tropical forests of West Africa</ref>
|-
|-
|TC_5: African Palmyra Palm<ref>[http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=346 Borassus aethiopum native to Sudan and the whole northern Sahelian border, in particular in the east an in savannah vegetation]</ref>
|TC_5: African Palmyra Palm<ref>[http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=346 Borassus aethiopum native to Sudan and the whole northern Sahelian border, in particular in the east an in savannah vegetation]</ref>, Ake Assi's Palmyra Palm<ref>Borassus akeassii native to West Africa, ie Burkina Faso</ref><ref>[http://popups.ulg.ac.be/Base/document.php?id=2218#tocto7 Borassus akeassii mainly used for preparing drinks, not for palm sugar]</ref>
|-
|TC_5-2:Borassus madagascariensis<ref>Borassus madagascariensis native to Madagascar</ref><ref>Sambirano Palmyra Palm also exists in Madagascar yet has no particular use, ref:Plant Resources of Tropical Africa: Vegetables by G. J. H. Grubben</ref>
|-
|-
|PC_C_6: Sorghum bicolor, teff <ref>[http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantqrs/sorghum.htm Origin sorghum bicolor= between Ehiopia & Sudan (also named Sudanese grass)]</ref><ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eragrostis_tef Teff origin=Ethiopia]</ref>
|PC_C_6: Sorghum bicolor, teff <ref>[http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantqrs/sorghum.htm Origin sorghum bicolor= between Ehiopia & Sudan (also named Sudanese grass)]</ref><ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eragrostis_tef Teff origin=Ethiopia]</ref>

Revision as of 08:06, 30 July 2012

Why native crops ?

Native crops can be expected to fit the ecology of the region, and be able to grow in the climate and soil of the region. However, native crops may not always be as productive as the more popular domesticated counterparts or attain equally high salesrates, salesprices. The latter is often a result of being not well known (and thus disliked) by the population (atleast at first).

Native crops should always be considered in agriculture and food security, and should be picked wherever possible. They are however not the most appropriate choice in some situations. Especially where unwanted propogation, and contact to the outside environment can be reduced/eliminated (ie use in greenhouses, sterile crops, ...) non-indiginous crops may be a suitable option.

Crops by region

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Indigenous staple, secondary and tertiary crops map. Map key required.

Types of native crops indicated

Primary crops: divided in primary crops carbohydrates (PC_C_) and primary crops protein (PC_C_). Both abbreviations are followed by a number to indicate the region.
Secondary crops: abbreviation SC_ followed by a number to indicate the region. These are generally herbs, spices (most widely used kitchen herbs/spices) or crops for making beverages
Supplementary (or tertiary) crops: TC_ followed by a number to indicate the region. These crops are generally sweet crops or sweeteners

Regions

Region 1: East-Asia
Region 2: Oceania
Region 3: Central-Asia
Region 4: West-Asia & South-Europe
Region 5: North-Africa & South-Africa
Region 6: Central-Africa
Region 7: North-Europe, North-Asia & North-America
Region 8: Central-America
Region 9: South-America (north)
Region 10: South-America (central)
Region 11: South-America (south)

Names of the native crops

PC_C_1: rice, foxtail millet [1][2]
PC_P_1: soybean [3]
SC_1: tea bush [4]
TC_1: monk fruit [5][6]
PC_C_2: yam[7], swamp taro [8]
PC_P_2:
SC_2: great morinda [9], common nutmeg[10]
TC_2: sugarcane [11], gomuti [12], Asian Palmyra Palm [13], Nypa fruticans [14], True Sago Palm (for palm sugar production)[15], New Guinea Palmyra Palm[16]<Borassus heineanus used probably as a same way as Borassus akeasi, so not for palm sugar</ref>
TC_2-1: coconut [17]
PC_C_3: taro [18]
PC_P_3:
SC_3: black pepper [19], Hibiscus sabdariffa [20], lemon grass [21], Ceylon cinnamon [22], basil [23]
TC_3: Indian date palm (for palm sugar production)[24], Caryota urens [25]
PC_C_4: wheat, rye [26][27]
PC_P_4: oat [28][29], wild pea [30], chickpea[31], lentil [32]
SC_4: rosemary [33], spear mint [34], dill [35], coriander [36], saffron [37], anise [38], black and white mustard [39]
TC_4: Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) [40][41]
PC_C_5: pearl millet, barley [42][43]
PC_P_5:
SC_5: Kola nut [44]
TC_5: African Palmyra Palm[45], Ake Assi's Palmyra Palm[46][47]
TC_5-2:Borassus madagascariensis[48][49]
PC_C_6: Sorghum bicolor, teff [50][51]
PC_P_6:
SC_6: coffee plant (coffea arabica, coffea robusta)[52]
TC_6:
PC_C_7: buckwheat [53][54]
PC_P_7: Amaranthus hypochondriacus [55][56][57]
SC_7: sassafras albidum [58], Ephedra [59]
SC_7-2: rosa canina [60], small-leaved linden [61], valerian [62], chamomile [63], garlic/Allium longicuspis [64]
TC_7: birch (Betula papyrifera var. humilis and Betula neoalaskana)[65], sugar maple[66]
TC_7-2: honey (from Apis mellifera mellifera)[67][68][69], sweet cicely root[70],licorice [71]
PC_C_8: maize [72]
PC_P_8: Amaranthus cruentus [73][74][75][76]
SC_8: vanilla [77]
TC_8: sugar pine [78], Agave salmiana, Agave tequilana [79]
PC_C_9: potato [80]
PC_P_9: quinoa [81][82][83], Amaranthus caudatus [84][85][86][87], lima bean [88], peanut
SC_9: Capsicum annuum [89], guarana [90]
TC_9: Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni and other species [91][92], yacón syrup [93]
PC_C_10: cassava [94]
PC_P_10:
SC_10:
TC_10:
PC_C_11: sweet potato [95][96]
PC_P_11:
SC_11: yerba maté [97]
TC_11:

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Note

  • Sugar beet wasn't included as it is a selected species from Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima

Kombucha not mentioned as it can be made anywhere without danger of introducing a exotic species to the area (uses a bacteria or yeast)

  • Coca (for coca maté) and kava not mentioned neither, despite being a important local drink. This, as they're mostly mind-altering substances rather than true drinks (unlike yeasted beverages (containing ethanol), they can cause vomoting, ... even when consuming small amounts)
  • Finally note that many beverages (ie lemonade, ...) require fruit juice (often from citrus such as lime or lemon). Refer to the Fruits and nuts map for this, not btw that these too have low caloric contents (other citrus crops have higher caloric contents)

Further information

  1. ↑ Rice's origin= China, 3 locations along Yangtsekiang
  2. ↑ Foxtail millet origin=China (though somewhat more north than indicated)
  3. ↑ Soybean's origin=Korea
  4. ↑ Tea bush (var. sinensis) native to western Yunnan, while C. sinensis var. assamica is native to the warmer parts of Assam (India)
  5. ↑ Monk fruit native to china, near taiwan
  6. ↑ Luo han guo
  7. ↑ Yam's origin=Indonesia
  8. ↑ Swamp taro origin=melanesia
  9. ↑ Great morinda native to Southeast Asia (Indonesia) and Australia
  10. ↑ Common nutmeg native to the Banda Islands of Indonesia
  11. ↑ Sugarcane encompassing 37 species, indigenous to tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia. Different species likely originated in different locations, with S. barberi originating in India and S. edule and S. officinarum coming from New Guinea
  12. ↑ Gomuti palm native to tropical Asia, from eastern India east to Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines in the east.
  13. ↑ Borassus flabellifer native along the entire northern shores of the Indian Ocean, from the mouth of the Tigris to New Guinea, yet more dominant in region between Indonesia and Pakistan
  14. ↑ Nypa fruticans native within the Indomalaya ecozone -in southern Asia, Indochina, the Malesian region, and northern Australia-
  15. ↑ Metroxylon sagu native to western New Guinea
  16. ↑ Borassus heineanus native to New Guinea
  17. ↑ Cocunut's origin: somewhere between northwest-South america and Melanesia
  18. ↑ Taro origin=between India & Bangladesh
  19. ↑ Black pepper native to Western Ghats of Kerala State, India
  20. ↑ Hibiscus sabdariffa native to tropical Asia, from India to Malaysia
  21. ↑ Lemon grass species native to Southern India, Sri Lanka
  22. ↑ Ceylon cinnamon native to Sri Lanka
  23. ↑ Basil native to northeast India
  24. ↑ Indian date palm native to southern Pakistan, most of India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh
  25. ↑ Caryota urens native to Sri Lanka, Singapore, Myanmar, and India
  26. ↑ Wheat origin=Fertile Crescent, Near East
  27. ↑ Rye origin=Fertile Crescent, Near East
  28. ↑ Oat origin=Fertile Crescent, Near East
  29. ↑ Oat having high comparitive protein content, thus usable as PC_P crop
  30. ↑ Pisum sativum elatius native to Bulgaria - Mediterranean basin, Near East. Earliest archaeological finds of peas come from Neolithic Syria, Turkey and Jordan.
  31. ↑ Chickpea native to the area around Persia and the Caucasus Mountains
  32. ↑ Lentils native to eastern Turkey, north Syria
  33. ↑ Rosemary native to the Mediterranean area
  34. ↑ Mentha cordifolia native to much of Europe and southwest Asia
  35. ↑ Dill native to southern Russia/East Europe
  36. ↑ Coriander native to southwestern Asia west to north Africa
  37. ↑ Saffron native to Southwest Asia, near Greece
  38. ↑ Anise native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia
  39. ↑ Black mustard native to southern Mediterranean region, white mustard (sinapis alba) native to the Mediterranean region and the Crimea
  40. ↑ Date palm native to Persian Gulf, near Syria
  41. ↑ Note that other data palms too exist, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_(plant) yet not all are used for human consumption
  42. ↑ Pearl millet origin=West Africa, near the Sahel strip
  43. ↑ Barley origin=Egypt
  44. ↑ Kola nut native to the tropical forests of West Africa
  45. ↑ Borassus aethiopum native to Sudan and the whole northern Sahelian border, in particular in the east an in savannah vegetation
  46. ↑ Borassus akeassii native to West Africa, ie Burkina Faso
  47. ↑ Borassus akeassii mainly used for preparing drinks, not for palm sugar
  48. ↑ Borassus madagascariensis native to Madagascar
  49. ↑ Sambirano Palmyra Palm also exists in Madagascar yet has no particular use, ref:Plant Resources of Tropical Africa: Vegetables by G. J. H. Grubben
  50. ↑ Origin sorghum bicolor= between Ehiopia & Sudan (also named Sudanese grass)
  51. ↑ Teff origin=Ethiopia
  52. ↑ Coffee native to Ethiopia
  53. ↑ Buckwheat origin=northern hemisphere
  54. ↑ http://www.cliffordawright.com/caw/food/entries/display.php/topic_id/9/id/122/ Buckwheat origin=between Lac Baikal & Manchuria]
  55. ↑ Compararing protein crops
  56. ↑ Amaranth high in nutrients, useful as PC_P crop
  57. ↑ Amaranthus hypochondricus origin=North America
  58. ↑ Sassafras albidum native to eastern North America, from southern Maine and southern Ontario west to Iowa, and south to central Florida and eastern Texas
  59. ↑ Ephedra funerea, Ephedra viridis and Ephedra nevadensis native to Nevada, California
  60. ↑ Rosa canina native to Europe, including Britain, northwest Africa and western Asia
  61. ↑ small-leaved linden native to much of Europe and western Asia
  62. ↑ Valerian native to Europe and parts of Asia
  63. ↑ chamomile native to Europe and Western Asia
  64. ↑ Allium longicuspis native to central and southwestern Asia
  65. ↑ Betula papyrifera var. humilis and Betula neoalaskana native to Alaska, northern Canada
  66. ↑ Sugar maple (used to make maple syrup) native to the hardwood forests of northeastern North America, from Nova Scotia west to southern Ontario, and south to Georgia and Texas.
  67. ↑ Apis florea and Apis andreniformis native to South and South East Asia (including the Philippines)
  68. ↑ Apis mellifera mellifera native to East-Europe
  69. ↑ Apis mellifera having 14 subspecies, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeybee and http://www.imkerpedia.nl/wiki/index.php/Ondersoorten_van_de_Apis_mellifera
  70. ↑ Sweet cicely native to Europe
  71. ↑ Licorice native to southeastern Europe, near Romania/Bulgaria
  72. ↑ Maize's origin=Mexico
  73. ↑ Compararing protein crops
  74. ↑ Amaranth high in nutrients, useful as PC_P crop
  75. ↑ Amaranthus cruentus origin=Central America
  76. ↑ Amaranthus cruentus origin=Central America
  77. ↑ Vanilla native to Mexico
  78. ↑ Sugar pine native to the mountains of the Pacific coast of North America, from Oregon through California to Baja California
  79. ↑ Agave salmiana and Agave tequilana native to central Mexico
  80. ↑ Potato origin=Peru
  81. ↑ Quinoa indiginous to Peru, protein content=14g/100g serving
  82. ↑ Quinoa origin=around Lake Titicaca
  83. ↑ Quinoa having high comparitive protein content, hence useful as PC_P_ crop
  84. ↑ Comparing protein crops
  85. ↑ Amaranth high in nutrients, useful as PC_P crop
  86. ↑ Amaranthus caudatus origin=Peru
  87. ↑ Amaranthus causates origin=south America
  88. ↑ Lima bean origin=Andes
  89. ↑ Capsicum species having a common ancestor which originated somewhere in the northwest Brazil - Colombia area
  90. ↑ Guarana native to the Amazon, in the region of Manaus and Parintins
  91. ↑ Stevia encompassing 240 species, native to subtropical and tropical regions from western North America to South America
  92. ↑ Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni is native to Paraguay
  93. ↑ Yacón native to lower Andes/Peru
  94. ↑ Cassava origin= west-central Brazil
  95. ↑ Sweet potato origin=South America
  96. ↑ Cassava's origin
  97. ↑ Yerba maté native to subtropical South America in northeastern Argentina, Bolivia, southern Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay
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