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{{ | {{Copyedit notice}} | ||
{{ | |||
[[File:side middle connection.PNG|thumb|Side and middle electric connection]] | |||
{{Project data | |||
| authors = User:Stef Breukel | |||
| location = Amsterdam, The Netherlands | |||
}} | |||
Some really nice and useful information on this web site. Also I conceive the style and design holds superb features. | Some really nice and useful information on this web site. Also I conceive the style and design holds superb features. | ||
== AC voltage safety | == AC voltage safety == | ||
AC electricity with a voltage less than 50 V (RMS) is called '''Extra Low Voltage'''. This voltage is unlikely to give a human being a dangerous electric shock. | AC electricity with a voltage less than 50 V (RMS) is called '''Extra Low Voltage'''. This voltage is unlikely (but NOT guaranteed) to give a human being a dangerous electric shock. | ||
==What is low voltage?== | == What is low voltage? == | ||
*[[Electricity basics]]<!-- Add content? --> | * [[Electricity basics]]<!-- Add content? --> | ||
*[[Electricity safety basics]]<!-- Add content? --> | * [[Electricity safety basics]]<!-- Add content? --> | ||
Other names for low voltage: | Other names for low voltage: | ||
==What is DC voltage?== | * Shock free power or voltage | ||
== What is DC voltage? == | |||
DC voltage is voltage that has a Plus and Minus terminal. | DC voltage is voltage that has a Plus and Minus terminal. | ||
DC voltage symbol: [[ | DC voltage symbol: [[File:plus min power.PNG|50px]] | ||
Other names for DC voltage: | Other names for DC voltage: | ||
*DC power or voltage | * DC power or voltage | ||
*Battery type of power or voltage | * Battery type of power or voltage (the chemistry arrangements in batteries are necessarily DC) | ||
*Plus-minus power or voltage | * Plus-minus power or voltage | ||
== Electric DC polarity: plus and minus == | |||
<!-- Clarify the meaning of this heading. --> | |||
[[ | [[File:markt plus wire.PNG|thumb|Electricity basics: Marked plus wire|150px]] | ||
For most kinds of devices it is important to have the right voltage and polarity. | For most kinds of devices it is important to have the right voltage and polarity. | ||
Wrong voltage or polarity can destroy a device | Wrong voltage or polarity can destroy a device | ||
How to mark the plus or to find the plus pole | How to mark the plus or to find the plus pole: | ||
* | * Red is always plus. (This is a long established convention, but is not always observed. Check with a voltmeter.) | ||
* Painted line on the plus wire, no painted line on the min. | |||
* Square wire is plus, round wire is minus. | |||
* Sharp edge is plus, round wire is minus. <!-- Did you mean smooth edge? --> | |||
* Knot is plus, no knot is minus. | |||
* Mark on the plus wire, the plus wire is special. | |||
* and so on, the plus wire is special or not normal than a normal wire. <!-- Repeat intentional? --> | |||
Connectors must be in good working order, and properly set up, to save your electric devices and reduce the chance of fire or other bad outcome: | |||
*The plus and minus position. | * The voltage. Connectors and wires have limits which should never be exceeded. | ||
* The amperage. Connectors and wires have limits which should be exceeded. | |||
*The type of power, AC or DC. | * The plus and minus position. The term commonly used is polarity, for DC circuits; AC circuits have no polarity. | ||
* The type of power, AC or DC. Getting this wrong is likely to damage electric circuits. | |||
*The type of low voltage | * The type of low voltage connector. Mismatched connectors almost never give satisfactory results, and often are physically incompatible. | ||
* Protect your plug and connector against mechanical pulling force. This is commonly called strain relief, which if done properly reduced wiring damage due to vibration or twisting or .... Unexpected separation of the connectors is generally done with a locking arrangement of some kind. | |||
*Protect your plug and connector against mechanical pulling force. | * Take the time to check each of these issues. Failure to do so may cause fire or electrocution. | ||
*Take | |||
[[File:side middle connection.PNG|thumb|Side and middle electric connection|300px]] | |||
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | ||
!sign on power output | |||
! sign on power output | !or this sign | ||
!sign on power consumption | |||
!or this sign | |||
!harmful for output ? | |||
!harmful for power consumer ? | |||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:inside MIN outside PLUS.PNG|100px]] | |||
|[[ | |[[File:outside PLUS inside MIN.PNG|100px]] | ||
|[[File:inside MIN outside PLUS.PNG|100px]] | |||
|[[File:outside PLUS inside MIN.PNG|100px]] | |||
|no | |||
|no | |||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:outside MIN inside PLUS.PNG|100px]] | |||
|[[ | |[[File:inside PLUS outside MIN.PNG|100px]] | ||
|[[File:outside MIN inside PLUS.PNG|100px]] | |||
|[[File:inside PLUS outside MIN.PNG|100px]] | |||
|no | |||
|no | |||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:inside MIN outside PLUS.PNG|100px]] | |||
|[[ | |[[File:outside PLUS inside MIN.PNG|100px]] | ||
|[[File:outside MIN inside PLUS.PNG|100px]] | |||
|[[File:inside PLUS outside MIN.PNG|100px]] | |||
|no | |||
|YES ! | |||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:outside MIN inside PLUS.PNG|100px]] | |||
|[[ | |[[File:inside PLUS outside MIN.PNG|100px]] | ||
|[[File:inside MIN outside PLUS.PNG|100px]] | |||
|[[File:outside PLUS inside MIN.PNG|100px]] | |||
|no | |||
|YES ! | |||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:plus min power.PNG|50px]] | |||
|[[ | |DC | ||
|[[File:NO plus min power.PNG|50px]] | |||
|AC | |||
|no | |||
|YES ! | |||
|- | |- | ||
|[[File:NO plus min power.PNG|50px]] | |||
|AC | |||
|[[File:plus min power.PNG|50px]] | |||
|DC | |||
|no | |||
|YES ! | |||
|} | |||
== Electric current ampere == | |||
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | ||
! amp. on | !amp. on | ||
power output | power output | ||
! or this amp. | !or this amp. | ||
! amp. on | !amp. on | ||
power consumer | power consumer | ||
! or this amp. | !or this amp. | ||
! harmful | !harmful | ||
for output ? | for output ? | ||
! harmful for | !harmful for | ||
power consumer ? | power consumer ? | ||
|- | |- | ||
|500 mA | |||
| 500 mA | |=0.5 A | ||
|500 mA | |||
|=0.5 A | |||
|no | |||
|no | |||
|- | |- | ||
|400 mA | |||
| 400 mA | |=0.4 A | ||
|500 mA | |||
|=0.5 A | |||
|YES!* | |||
|no | |||
|- | |- | ||
|500 mA | |||
| 500 mA | |=0.5 A | ||
|400 mA | |||
|=0.4 A | |||
|no | |||
|no | |||
|} | |} | ||
<nowiki>*</nowiki> - Depending on how your output device is made, this condition may cause the output device (usually some kind of wall plug adapter) to burn out. The better made ones will have some sort of over-current protection built in, either in the form of a thermal fuse (self resetting), or a current limiter. | <nowiki>*</nowiki> - Depending on how your output device is made, this condition may cause the output device (usually some kind of wall plug adapter) to burn out. The better made ones will have some sort of over-current protection built in, either in the form of a thermal fuse (self resetting), or a current limiter. | ||
==Electric voltage== | == Electric voltage == | ||
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | ||
!volt output | |||
! volt output | !volt consumer | ||
!harmful for | |||
! volt consumer | |||
! harmful for | |||
output ? | output ? | ||
! harmful for | !harmful for | ||
power consumer ? | power consumer ? | ||
|- | |- | ||
|12 V | |||
|12 V | |||
|no | |||
|no | |||
|- | |- | ||
|9 V | |||
|12 V | |||
|no | |||
|does not work well | |||
|- | |- | ||
|3 V | |||
|12 V | |||
|no | |||
|does not work | |||
|- | |- | ||
|12 V | |||
|9 V | |||
|no | |||
|YES ! | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Adapter with different connectors == | == Adapter with different connectors == | ||
Protect your power supply. | Protect your power supply. | ||
On the left is the power supply output and on the right power receiving device. | On the left is the power supply output and on the right power receiving device. | ||
. | . | ||
[[ | [[File:inside outside size.PNG|200px]] | ||
Plus and minus | Plus and minus | ||
[[ | [[File:Power supply with connecting adapters.PNG|500px]] | ||
------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------ | ||
''' Adapter connectors ''' | ''' Adapter connectors ''' | ||
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | {| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=5 | ||
! OUTSIDE | !OUTSIDE | ||
(mm) | (mm) | ||
! INSIDE | !INSIDE | ||
(mm) | (mm) | ||
! Shortcut | !Shortcut | ||
! Plug Type | !Plug Type | ||
(code) | (code) | ||
! mark | !mark | ||
|- | |||
|- | |6.5 | ||
|1.0 | |||
|| | |no | ||
|AA | |||
|- | |= | ||
|- | |||
|| | |6.5 | ||
|1.75 | |||
|- | |no | ||
|AB | |||
| | |= | ||
|- | |||
|2.5 | |||
|2.5 | |||
|YES! | |||
|A (*) | |||
|= | |||
|- | |||
|3.5 | |||
|3.5 | |||
|YES! | |||
|B (*) | |||
|= | |||
|- | |||
|3.0 | |||
|1.0 | |||
|no | |||
|C | |||
|= | |||
|- | |||
|5.0 | |||
|2.1 | |||
|no | |||
|D | |||
|= | |||
|- | |||
|5.5 | |||
|2.1 | |||
|no | |||
|E | |||
|= | |||
|- | |||
|5.0 | |||
|2.5 | |||
|no | |||
|F | |||
|= | |||
|- | |||
|5.5 | |||
|2.5 | |||
|no | |||
|G | |||
|= | |||
|- | |||
|3.5 | |||
|1.35 | |||
|no | |||
|H | |||
|= | |||
|- | |||
|4.0 | |||
|1.7 | |||
|no | |||
|I | |||
|= | |||
|- | |||
|4.75 | |||
|1.75 | |||
|no | |||
|J | |||
|= | |||
|- | |||
|5.0 | |||
|1.5 | |||
|no | |||
|M | |||
|= | |||
|- | |||
|5.5 | |||
|1.5 | |||
|no | |||
|N | |||
|= | |||
|- | |||
|5.5 | |||
|5.8 | |||
|no | |||
|P | |||
|= | |||
|- | |||
|6.3 | |||
|3.0 | |||
|no | |||
|Q | |||
|= | |||
|- | |||
|7.0 | |||
|1.0 | |||
|no | |||
|R | |||
|= | |||
|- | |- | ||
|2.35 | |||
|0.75 | |||
|no | |||
|S | |||
|= | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
Line 274: | Line 327: | ||
Add a picture with positive and negative labelled (in red (5+) and black) on a female Type A USB connector. | Add a picture with positive and negative labelled (in red (5+) and black) on a female Type A USB connector. | ||
[[File:femaleUSB.png]] | |||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
Line 281: | Line 334: | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==What is an electrical short?== | == What is an electrical short? == | ||
An electrical short is when the plus and minus are in contact with each other. | An electrical short is when the plus and minus are in contact with each other. | ||
This is harmful for the adapter or battery. | This is harmful for the adapter or battery. | ||
== Electrical short with (dis)connecting device == | |||
<!-- Writing (dis)connect indicates either connect or disconnect. Is that what you intended? If you mean just disconnect, delete the (). --> | |||
Some smaller connectors shortcut the power supply if you (dis)connect . | Some smaller connectors shortcut the power supply if you (dis)connect . | ||
Line 293: | Line 348: | ||
(dis)Connect the connector to the device if there is NO power on the plug. | (dis)Connect the connector to the device if there is NO power on the plug. | ||
[[ | [[File:WRONG CONNECTING DEVICE.PNG|300px]] | ||
Right | Right | ||
[[ | [[File:connecting device.PNG|300px]] | ||
==Car cigarette lighter plug== | == Car cigarette lighter plug == | ||
A car cigarette lighter plug must have the plus in the middle and the minus on the outside. | A car cigarette lighter plug must have the plus in the middle and the minus on the outside. | ||
Line 308: | Line 360: | ||
Some female car sockets have 24 volts. | Some female car sockets have 24 volts. | ||
[[File:Car cigarette lighter DC Plus and Min.PNG|75px]] | |||
== See also == | |||
* [[Electricity basics]] | |||
*[[Electricity basics]] | * [[Power and energy basics]] | ||
*[[Power and energy basics]] | * [[Electrical wiring and switching]] | ||
*[[Electrical wiring and switching]] | |||
== External links == | |||
* [[Wikipedia:DC Power Connectors]] | |||
{{Page data | |||
| keywords = Electricity, Electric lighting, low voltage, connection basics, DC voltage, polarity | |||
| sdg = SDG07 Affordable and clean energy | |||
| authors = User:Stef Breukel | |||
| published = 2007 | |||
}} | |||
[[Category:How tos]] | [[Category:How tos]] | ||
[[Category:Electricity]] | [[Category:Electricity]] | ||
[[Category:Electric lighting]] | [[Category:Electric lighting]] | ||
Latest revision as of 14:22, 8 February 2023
Some really nice and useful information on this web site. Also I conceive the style and design holds superb features.
AC voltage safety[edit | edit source]
AC electricity with a voltage less than 50 V (RMS) is called Extra Low Voltage. This voltage is unlikely (but NOT guaranteed) to give a human being a dangerous electric shock.
What is low voltage?[edit | edit source]
Other names for low voltage:
- Shock free power or voltage
What is DC voltage?[edit | edit source]
DC voltage is voltage that has a Plus and Minus terminal.
Other names for DC voltage:
- DC power or voltage
- Battery type of power or voltage (the chemistry arrangements in batteries are necessarily DC)
- Plus-minus power or voltage
Electric DC polarity: plus and minus[edit | edit source]
For most kinds of devices it is important to have the right voltage and polarity. Wrong voltage or polarity can destroy a device
How to mark the plus or to find the plus pole:
- Red is always plus. (This is a long established convention, but is not always observed. Check with a voltmeter.)
- Painted line on the plus wire, no painted line on the min.
- Square wire is plus, round wire is minus.
- Sharp edge is plus, round wire is minus.
- Knot is plus, no knot is minus.
- Mark on the plus wire, the plus wire is special.
- and so on, the plus wire is special or not normal than a normal wire.
Connectors must be in good working order, and properly set up, to save your electric devices and reduce the chance of fire or other bad outcome:
- The voltage. Connectors and wires have limits which should never be exceeded.
- The amperage. Connectors and wires have limits which should be exceeded.
- The plus and minus position. The term commonly used is polarity, for DC circuits; AC circuits have no polarity.
- The type of power, AC or DC. Getting this wrong is likely to damage electric circuits.
- The type of low voltage connector. Mismatched connectors almost never give satisfactory results, and often are physically incompatible.
- Protect your plug and connector against mechanical pulling force. This is commonly called strain relief, which if done properly reduced wiring damage due to vibration or twisting or .... Unexpected separation of the connectors is generally done with a locking arrangement of some kind.
- Take the time to check each of these issues. Failure to do so may cause fire or electrocution.
sign on power output | or this sign | sign on power consumption | or this sign | harmful for output ? | harmful for power consumer ? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
no | no | ||||
no | no | ||||
no | YES ! | ||||
no | YES ! | ||||
DC | AC | no | YES ! | ||
AC | DC | no | YES ! |
Electric current ampere[edit | edit source]
amp. on
power output |
or this amp. | amp. on
power consumer |
or this amp. | harmful
for output ? |
harmful for
power consumer ? |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
500 mA | =0.5 A | 500 mA | =0.5 A | no | no |
400 mA | =0.4 A | 500 mA | =0.5 A | YES!* | no |
500 mA | =0.5 A | 400 mA | =0.4 A | no | no |
* - Depending on how your output device is made, this condition may cause the output device (usually some kind of wall plug adapter) to burn out. The better made ones will have some sort of over-current protection built in, either in the form of a thermal fuse (self resetting), or a current limiter.
Electric voltage[edit | edit source]
volt output | volt consumer | harmful for
output ? |
harmful for
power consumer ? |
---|---|---|---|
12 V | 12 V | no | no |
9 V | 12 V | no | does not work well |
3 V | 12 V | no | does not work |
12 V | 9 V | no | YES ! |
Adapter with different connectors[edit | edit source]
Protect your power supply.
On the left is the power supply output and on the right power receiving device.
.
Plus and minus
Adapter connectors
OUTSIDE
(mm) |
INSIDE
(mm) |
Shortcut | Plug Type
(code) |
mark |
---|---|---|---|---|
6.5 | 1.0 | no | AA | = |
6.5 | 1.75 | no | AB | = |
2.5 | 2.5 | YES! | A (*) | = |
3.5 | 3.5 | YES! | B (*) | = |
3.0 | 1.0 | no | C | = |
5.0 | 2.1 | no | D | = |
5.5 | 2.1 | no | E | = |
5.0 | 2.5 | no | F | = |
5.5 | 2.5 | no | G | = |
3.5 | 1.35 | no | H | = |
4.0 | 1.7 | no | I | = |
4.75 | 1.75 | no | J | = |
5.0 | 1.5 | no | M | = |
5.5 | 1.5 | no | N | = |
5.5 | 5.8 | no | P | = |
6.3 | 3.0 | no | Q | = |
7.0 | 1.0 | no | R | = |
2.35 | 0.75 | no | S | = |
(*) Mono jack
Type A USB[edit | edit source]
Add a picture with positive and negative labelled (in red (5+) and black) on a female Type A USB connector.
-
Female, Type A,USB connector with pin diagram.
What is an electrical short?[edit | edit source]
An electrical short is when the plus and minus are in contact with each other.
This is harmful for the adapter or battery.
Electrical short with (dis)connecting device[edit | edit source]
Some smaller connectors shortcut the power supply if you (dis)connect .
(dis)Connect the connector to the device if there is NO power on the plug.
Right
Car cigarette lighter plug[edit | edit source]
A car cigarette lighter plug must have the plus in the middle and the minus on the outside.
Some female car sockets have 24 volts.