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==What is AC voltage?==
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*[[Electricity basics:]]
== AC voltage safety  ==


AC [[voltage]] is voltage that does not have a Plus and Minus terminal on the supply.
AC electricity with a voltage less than 50 V (RMS) is called '''Extra Low Voltage'''. This voltage is unlikely (but NOT guaranteed) to give a human being a dangerous electric shock.
 
AC voltage symbol: [[Image:NO plus min power.PNG|50px]]
 
Other names for AC voltage:
 
*Directed [[power]] or voltage
*Sine wave power or voltage
*Inverter type of power or voltage
 
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==What is low voltage?==
==What is low voltage?==
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*DC power or voltage
*DC power or voltage
*Battery type of power or voltage
*Battery type of power or voltage (the chemistry arrangements in batteries are necessarily DC)
*Plus-minus power or voltage
*Plus-minus power or voltage


==Electric DC polarity: plus and minus == <!-- Clarify the meaning of this heading. -->
==Electric DC polarity: plus and minus == <!-- Clarify the meaning of this heading. -->
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How to mark the plus or to find the plus pole:  
How to mark the plus or to find the plus pole:  


*Red is always plus.
*Red is always plus. (This is a long established convention, but is not always observed.  Check with a voltmeter.)
      
      
*Painted line on the plus wire, no painted line on the min.  
*Painted line on the plus wire, no painted line on the min.  
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These must be in good working order to save your electric material:
Connectors must be in good working order, and properly set up, to save your electric devices and reduce the chance of fire or other bad outcome:


*The voltage.
*The voltage.  Connectors and wires have limits which should never be exceeded.


*The amperage.
*The amperage. Connectors and wires have limits which should be exceeded.


*The plus and minus position.
*The plus and minus position.  The term commonly used is polarity, for DC circuits; AC circuits have no polarity.


*The type of power, AC or DC.  
*The type of power, AC or DC. Getting this wrong is likely to damage electric circuits.  


*The type of low voltage coax connector.
*The type of low voltage connector.  Mismatched connectors almost never give satisfactory results, and often are physically incompatible.


*Protect your plug and connector against mechanical pulling force.
*Protect your plug and connector against mechanical pulling force. This is commonly called strain relief, which if done properly reduced wiring damage due to vibration or twisting or ....  Unexpected separation of the connectors is generally done with a locking arrangement of some kind. 


*Take your time to check these 6 items.
*Take the time to check each of these issues.  Failure to do so may cause fire or electrocution.




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== Interwiki links ==
== Interwiki links ==


* [[Wikipedia:Coaxial DC Power Connectors]]
* [[Wikipedia:DC Power Connectors]]


[[Category:How tos]]
[[Category:How tos]]

Revision as of 06:26, 3 September 2018

Template:Offline content bundle

Some really nice and useful information on this web site. Also I conceive the style and design holds superb features.

AC voltage safety

AC electricity with a voltage less than 50 V (RMS) is called Extra Low Voltage. This voltage is unlikely (but NOT guaranteed) to give a human being a dangerous electric shock.

What is low voltage?

Other names for low voltage:

  • Shock free power or voltage

What is DC voltage?

DC voltage is voltage that has a Plus and Minus terminal.

DC voltage symbol: Plus min power.PNG

Other names for DC voltage:

  • DC power or voltage
  • Battery type of power or voltage (the chemistry arrangements in batteries are necessarily DC)
  • Plus-minus power or voltage

Electric DC polarity: plus and minus

Electricity basics: Marked plus wire

For most kinds of devices it is important to have the right voltage and polarity. Wrong voltage or polarity can destroy a device

How to mark the plus or to find the plus pole:

  • Red is always plus. (This is a long established convention, but is not always observed. Check with a voltmeter.)
  • Painted line on the plus wire, no painted line on the min.
  • Square wire is plus, round wire is minus.
  • Sharp edge is plus, round wire is minus.
  • Knot is plus, no knot is minus.
  • Mark on the plus wire, the plus wire is special.
  • and so on, the plus wire is special or not normal than a normal wire.


Connectors must be in good working order, and properly set up, to save your electric devices and reduce the chance of fire or other bad outcome:

  • The voltage. Connectors and wires have limits which should never be exceeded.
  • The amperage. Connectors and wires have limits which should be exceeded.
  • The plus and minus position. The term commonly used is polarity, for DC circuits; AC circuits have no polarity.
  • The type of power, AC or DC. Getting this wrong is likely to damage electric circuits.
  • The type of low voltage connector. Mismatched connectors almost never give satisfactory results, and often are physically incompatible.
  • Protect your plug and connector against mechanical pulling force. This is commonly called strain relief, which if done properly reduced wiring damage due to vibration or twisting or .... Unexpected separation of the connectors is generally done with a locking arrangement of some kind.
  • Take the time to check each of these issues. Failure to do so may cause fire or electrocution.


Side and middle electric connection


sign on power output or this sign sign on power consumption or this sign harmful for output ? harmful for power consumer ?
Inside MIN outside PLUS.PNG Outside PLUS inside MIN.PNG Inside MIN outside PLUS.PNG Outside PLUS inside MIN.PNG no no
Outside MIN inside PLUS.PNG Inside PLUS outside MIN.PNG Outside MIN inside PLUS.PNG Inside PLUS outside MIN.PNG no no
Inside MIN outside PLUS.PNG Outside PLUS inside MIN.PNG Outside MIN inside PLUS.PNG Inside PLUS outside MIN.PNG no YES !
Outside MIN inside PLUS.PNG Inside PLUS outside MIN.PNG Inside MIN outside PLUS.PNG Outside PLUS inside MIN.PNG no YES !
Plus min power.PNG DC NO plus min power.PNG AC no YES !
NO plus min power.PNG AC Plus min power.PNG DC no YES !

Electric current ampere

amp. on

power output

or this amp. amp. on

power consumer

or this amp. harmful

for output ?

harmful for

power consumer ?

500 mA =0.5 A 500 mA =0.5 A no no
400 mA =0.4 A 500 mA =0.5 A YES!* no
500 mA =0.5 A 400 mA =0.4 A no no

* - Depending on how your output device is made, this condition may cause the output device (usually some kind of wall plug adapter) to burn out. The better made ones will have some sort of over-current protection built in, either in the form of a thermal fuse (self resetting), or a current limiter.

Electric voltage

volt output volt consumer harmful for

output ?

harmful for

power consumer ?

12 V 12 V no no
9 V 12 V no does not work well
3 V 12 V no does not work
12 V 9 V no YES !

Adapter with different connectors

Protect your power supply.

On the left is the power supply output and on the right power receiving device.


.

Inside outside size.PNG

Plus and minus

Power supply with connecting adapters.PNG


Adapter connectors

OUTSIDE

(mm)

INSIDE

(mm)

Shortcut Plug Type

(code)

mark
6.5 1.0 no AA =
6.5 1.75 no AB =
2.5 2.5 YES! A (*) =
3.5 3.5 YES! B (*) =
3.0 1.0 no C =
5.0 2.1 no D =
5.5 2.1 no E =
5.0 2.5 no F =
5.5 2.5 no G =
3.5 1.35 no H =
4.0 1.7 no I =
4.75 1.75 no J =
5.0 1.5 no M =
5.5 1.5 no N =
5.5 5.8 no P =
6.3 3.0 no Q =
7.0 1.0 no R =
2.35 0.75 no S =

(*) Mono jack

Type A USB

Add a picture with positive and negative labelled (in red (5+) and black) on a female Type A USB connector. FemaleUSB.png


What is an electrical short?

An electrical short is when the plus and minus are in contact with each other.

This is harmful for the adapter or battery.

Electrical short with (dis)connecting device

Some smaller connectors shortcut the power supply if you (dis)connect .

(dis)Connect the connector to the device if there is NO power on the plug.

WRONG CONNECTING DEVICE.PNG


Right

Connecting device.PNG


Car cigarette lighter plug

A car cigarette lighter plug must have the plus in the middle and the minus on the outside.

Some female car sockets have 24 volts.


Car cigarette lighter DC Plus and Min.PNG

See also

Interwiki links

external links

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