Line 435: Line 435:
|Image:PlasterFinished2.jpg|Fig 1j: Finished plaster. Adding sand was eyeballed until consistency was thick and stuck to itself but was still spreadable.
|Image:PlasterFinished2.jpg|Fig 1j: Finished plaster. Adding sand was eyeballed until consistency was thick and stuck to itself but was still spreadable.
|Image:MePlastering.jpg|Fig 1k: Applying the plaster to the wall. Had to throw at wall hard. We were missing two crucial tools here that caused our plaster to finished cracked even though it was strong and the misture was good. Day two was done correctly with all necessary tools.
|Image:MePlastering.jpg|Fig 1k: Applying the plaster to the wall. Had to throw at wall hard. We were missing two crucial tools here that caused our plaster to finished cracked even though it was strong and the misture was good. Day two was done correctly with all necessary tools.
|Image:PlasterCracked.jpg|Fig 1l: Result of plastering, 3 days later (8 Junio). It is cracked because we were missing the lana and goma for he finishing process.
}}  
}}  
===Plastering Day 2: Instructions===
{{How to
|title= Make Wheat Paste based Eco-plaster
|header1=
|header2=
|pics=no
|||1| Make Wheat Paste.
  {{Gallery
  | File:KaileighMixingFlourWaterHappyUs.jpg  | Kaileigh mixing flour and cold water before adding to boiling water. This should be a pancake batter type texture with no clumps. Ours was still fairly running but it began to thicken up about 7 minutes into being added to the boiling water, and finished the thickening process after about 20 minutes.
  | File:CarleyMixingPaste thickening.jpg| Carley mixing the wheat paste that has been on the stove for about 7 minutes. It is beginning to thicken.
  | File:Paste thickeningmore.jpg| It looks slightly clumpy, but only because some of the runny stuff has not thickened yet. Be sure to scrape the bottom so it doesn't burn. It should continue getting thicker and more uniform.
  | File:CarleyMixingPaste thickeningmore.jpg | Getting thicker!
  | File:CarleyMixingPaste thickeningmoretexture.jpg | The paste is getting thick and goopy. Looking good!
  | File:Paste thick.jpg | Paste is thick, goopy, and sticking to itself. This is what we what!
  | File:CarleyMixingPaste thickeningmore.jpg | Getting thicker!
  | |
  }}
|||2| Sift sand and caliche (we forgot to sift the caliche so we had to drain it out of our wet mixture and add more sifted caliche into it which required estimation).
  {{Gallery
  | File:SiftingLightSandTanyaCarleyJoel.jpg | Sifting the light sand!
  | File:FineLightSandSifted.jpg | Twice-sifted light colored sand
  | File:FineLightSandSiftedHand.jpg | Close up of light colored sand after sifting
  | File:MeCarleySiftingDarkSand.jpg  | Sifting the dark sand
  | File:FineLightSandSiftedHand.jpg |
  | |
  }}
|||3| Mix lime with water. Wear safety gear because lime is toxic to lung health, eyes, and will burn your skin! Then add lime mixture and caliche to flour paste.
  {{Gallery
  | File:WheatPasteAddToCalWater.jpg | Adding wheat paste to lime water. Use protection, lime is toxic! We put the wheat paste on the trowel then lowered it into the lime water to avoid splashes.
  | File:AddingCalicheToMixture.jpg | Adding caliche to the mixture. We should have sifted this and had to sift out the large chunks later.
  | File:MixingHands.jpg  | Messing hands during mixing. The power tool was much easier!
  | File:EnriqueMixingMixture.jpg  | M-m-m-mix it up!
  | File:Supplies.jpg| Buckets left to right: Light sand, dark sand, caliche, more caliche, and wheat paste/lime/caliche mixture.
  | File:PouringMixedMixtureSludgeBottom.jpg| You can see the caliche sludge in the bottom of the bucket being poured because didn't sift it. We had to sift that our before separating into smaller portions for different testing batches.
  | |
  }}
|||4| Add sand to texture. You want the plaster to be thick and stick to itself but not be so thick you can't spread it.
  {{Gallery
  | File:StopandTalk LexieMixture.jpg | Pausing to talk things out!
  | |
  }}
|||5| Process your fiber. Wash, dry, and pull apart. We used hair from the local barber shop, but it was likely too short for adequate tensile strength.
  {{Gallery
  | File:AllisonWashingHair.jpg | Allison washing the hair that we got from the local barbershop (peluqueria)
  | File:HairDrying.jpg | Drying the hair.
  | File:HairPullingApart.jpg | Pulling the hair apart so it doesn't clump together.
  | |
  }}
|||6| Test your plaster!.
  {{Gallery
  | File:EnriqueApplyingPlaster.jpg | Enrique is applying the plaster using the plana (triangular trowel) and the lana (flat metal tool that we were missing the first time).
  | File:LasMalvinas Destacamento cemento2.jpg | Pouring concrete in the front trench.
  |  File:PlasterTestSwatches.jpg | Test plaster swatches after completion and use of the goma 30 minutes later.
  | |
  }}
|||7| Lay bricks and fill in the gaps with cement.
  {{Gallery
  | File:LasMalvinas Destacamento blocks1.jpg | Traditional and alternative blocks aquired.
  | File:LasMalvinas Destacamento blocks2.jpg | Beginning to mix cement mixture for blocks.
  | File:LasMalvinas Destacamento blocks3.jpg | Learning how to lay blocks with the maestro.
  | |
  }}
|||8| Lay bricks and fill in the gaps with cement.
  {{Gallery
  | File:LasMalvinas Destacamento blocks4.jpg | Working with community members to lay blocks.
  | File:LasMalvinas Destacamento blocks5.jpg | More community assistance to get the walls up.
  | File:LasMalvinas Destacamento blocks6.jpg | All blocks laid at the destacamento.
  | |
  }}
|
}}
{{Gallery
|title=Botica Popular Eco-Plaster
|width=160
|height=170
|lines=4
|align=center
|File:
}}


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"

Revision as of 14:57, 12 June 2015

Las Malvinas team in front of the town's sign

Abstract

This page discusses the Las Malvinas botica popular project from summer, 2015. This project entails finishing the building of the botica popular that was built by previous Practivistas students in 2013. This includes finishing all of the building's wall plaster, putting in a floor, and providing the necessary materials needed for the electric plan of the building as well.

Background

This project was included in Lonny Grafman's Practivistas summer program through Humboldt State University HSU. It took place from May 22-July 4, 2015 in the small community, Las Malvinas, located in the outskirts of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. The task at hand was to finish the botica popular, which was built in summer, 2013, by other Practivista students Las Malvinas botica popular hullkrete 2013. Working with the community, seven Practivistas students designed and implemented this project based on the current criteria at hand. The project team was composed of a group of six students studying at Humboldt State University and one student studying at Universidad Iberoamericana UNIBE, all members of Lonny Grafman's Practivistas program. The project entailed making and applying plaster to the botica, laying out a floor for it, and providing materials needed for the electric plan of the building.

Fig 1: The Botica Popular upon our first inspection this trip

Objective

The objective of this project is to complete the botica popular in Las Malvinas in a way that best-fits the criteria discussed while providing the community with a finished product of what will become a, hopefully, reliable source of medicine needed.

Criteria

English

The criteria below represents key aspects of this project in weighted form, which is a list of the key elements providing support and foundation to the design and building decisions made throughout. It poses as a guide to all decision-making for this project.

Criteria and Description
Criteria Weight Description
Safety 10 The structure must provide security for those using it as well as trust in the structure. It is also important that the materials used to create the structure cause no harm to the public, or less harm than the standard, given that necessary safety precautions are taken.
Durability 9 The lifespan is suitable for the consumer given that the money needed to fix or replace the structure can be saved by the time the structure is in need. The structure is also able to withstand the extremes of average weather conditions.
Environmental Impact 9 To have a less negative affect on the world than the standard that's commonly used.
Aesthetics 7 Build a finished looking, smooth and trustworthy structure.
Time 6 The importance of spending all of the constrained amount of time on a given project.
Cost 5 The importance of spending all of the constrained amount of money on a given project.
Accesibility of Materials 5 The time it takes to obtain a material must be within the constrained amount. As well the ability to transport the material should be taken into consideration for whether it can be carried or delivered in that set amount of time.
Educational Value 6 The ability for the building to be easily understood and more deeply learned about and replicated if there was a desire to do so.

Español

Criterio y Descripción
Criterio Importancia Descripción
Seguridad 10 Este estructura debe a proveer seguridad para aquellos que usar y también para confiar en la estructura. También es importante que los materiales usado para crear la estructura no causa nada lastima al público, o menos lastima de la norma cuando se toman las precauciónes apropriadas.
Durabilidad 9 La vida de la estructura es apropriado para el cliente, dado que el necesario dinero para reparar o sustituir el estructura puede ser ahorrado al tiempo que es necesario. La estructura también puede resistir algunos de los corrientes extremos del tiempo.
Impacto Ambiental 9 Para hacer efectos menos mál en el mundo y ambiento de la norma.
Estética 7 Construir una estructura que ve terminada, suave y que puede confiar en.
Tiempo 6 La importancia para usar todo del tiempo asignado para un proyecto.
Costo 5 La importancia para usar todo del dinero asignado para un proyecto.
Accesibilidad de Materiales 5 El tiempo necesario para obtener un material debe estar adentro de nos tiempo asignado. También, la poder para transportar un material debe estar pensando para saber si se llevar un material o debe estar poner en un carro para llevar adentro del tiempo asignado.
Valor Educativo 6 La abilidad para entender el edificio y aprender más y para replicar si la comunidad quiere.

Literature Review

This literature review is to present facts and researched information relating to the 2015 Botica/Ecoblock/(and possibly)Destacamento project taking place in a community in the Dominican Republic called Las Malvinas. This information is to guide the decisions made upon different aspects of the designing and building of this assortment of projects and to further guide those wanting to pursue any future projects related to green building.

[1] Copy and paste from this Practivistas Dominicana/literature review template.

Climate and Location

Las Malvinas, the community of interest, is located in the city of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. On average, Santo Domingo gets about 200 hours of sunlight each month, with temperatures- on average- ranging from about 19 degrees Celsius to around 32 degrees Celsius. The average monthly rainfall can get up to about 190 mm in one month, and is greatest from May to October. The average humidity of the area ranges generally between 80% and 90% [2] Santo Domingo is located in the tropical area of the Caribbean Sea and, as shown previously, has some variation through the seasons in average reports for rainfall and temperatures [3].

Figure 1 Map of the Dominican Republic [3]

Flooring

Iron Sulfate

Iron sulfate, also known as ferrous sulfate, is a chemical compound the can be found in different plant fertilizers which is most commonly used for “greening plants, specifically azaleas and citrus plants.”[4] Ferrous sulfate can also be used to stain concrete and plaster an amber color. The resulting color depends on the amount of layers applied; it begins an orange color and then begins to darken with the application of more layers. It is a natural stainer and creates no waste. Ferrous sulfate can be reapplied after years of wear and tear. One must make sure not to apply too many coats because the concrete or plaster will no longer have room to absorb the chemical. One must also wear gloves as the chemical has been known to burn hands. Ventilation is also important as it will need help drying. Before being stained, the concrete must be properly cleaned and cleared of dust and other unwanted sediments. Once clean the stainer can be applied using a clean mop or a paint roller.[5] A Humboldt state student used the following ratios to stain concrete floors at their schools appropriate technology center. One can view all the steps they took by clicking here

  • 1 lb (16 oz) iron sulfate to 1 gallon (4 quarts) water ratio gives a orange stain.
  • 2 lb iron sulfate to 1 gallon water + 1~2 cups coffee grounds gives a more saturated, or darker look.

Limestone Cement Mix

Limestone has been used as a filler when mixing cement. Adding limestone to cement mixes reduces the carbon footprint, saves energy by reducing clinker production in plants and is cost effective.[6] Students from la Universidad Politehnica Bucuresti have conducted experiments pertaining to the strength of cement as well as the resistance to water and the energy needed to mix the blends. Figure #, shows an experiment in which students mixed different ratios of lime into the cement and then took a before and after picture of the mounds once they were tilted. The results show that with a 20% and 40% ratio of lime to cement that there was an evident increase in cohesion. However, the mixture requires more water with higher portions of lime and also becomes a bit harder to work with depending on the cement. Therefore, pre-trial tests are highly recommended before deciding to use a certain ratio.[7]

Fig #: Experimental mounds of cement conducted by students at the University Politehnica Bucuresti

Pozzolan

Pozzolan's strengthen and seal concrete mixtures, and are efficient in reducing the cement content. A 'Pozzolan' is defined as "a siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material, which in itself possesses little or no cementing property, but will in a finely divided form--and in the presence of moisture-- chemically react with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperatures to form compounds possessing cementitious properties." [8] Types of Pozzolan's available:

  • Rice Hull (or husk) Ash
  • Fly Ash (from coal)

Gypsum

Gypsum; “which is a soft grey mineral consisting of hydrated calcium sulphate occurs chiefly in sedimentary deposits and is used to make plaster, fertilizers, and in used vastly in the construction industry for its strength, malleability and accessibility as a common mineral [9]”. Gypsum is important because it can be found at a low cost due to it being a biproduct of flue gas desulfurization (FGD), a process used by coal-fired electrical power plants to limit emissions of sulfur dioxide [9]. "This artisan method of manufacturing results in a finished product with exceptional binding capacity, making it suitable for use in outdoor environments [10]". As a soft material, Gypsum should be mixed in order to have cement properties. The ratio of water to gypsum in flooring is 0.8:1 in order to achieve a 6MPa [11]. This ratio is not valaube in flooring until it is strengthened with a fibre.

Fibre

Potential
  • Natural cork from cork Oak--lightens mixture [11].
  • Wool, provides considerable improvement to compression

layers in terms of mechanical behaviour. "Contrary, wool provides significant improvement, particularly in terms of compression and elasticity. Furthermore, this material is 100% ecological and whose cost is significantly lower than that of the artificial fibres previously indicated [11]".

Traverntine

This is a relative material because the mineral Travertine is found abundantly in the Dominican Republic. Travertine is a natural stone such as Marble, Granite, Onyx, Limestone, Slate etc. "The key difference between Travertine and other natural stones lies in the formation of the rock, the hardness of the stone and the appearance. Travertine is formed in hot springs and/or limestone caves. Travertine is not the same as Marble or Limestone which falls in the metamorphic rock category. Key characteristics of Travertine stone are the holes within the stone which are caused by carbon dioxide evasion [12]". Below the picture indicates an abundance of Traverntine in blue and Gypsum in green.


Level Technique

Thomas from Ghetto2Garden's suggests after the concrete mixture is set, use a towel to even the layer. This technique is cost and labor efficient.

Flooring Recipe
Criteria Weight Description
Concrete Six Bags of Concrete.
Sand Aggregate in mixture.
Pozzolan Ash
AS 600 Quick Dry

Plaster

About

Before delving into the specifics of plaster, it is beneficial to first know what plaster actually is. Plaster is “a material used to cover walls-- often both interior and exterior. It provides protection as well as texture and color”. There are many types of plasters, which will function better with different building materials, and some kinds of plasters are more environmentally sound and beneficial than others. For instance, earthen plasters- which include lime, gypsum, and clay are said to be "water resistant". [13]Below, different types of plaster will be presented and discussed.

Types

Lime and clay plaster types were mainly researched below as viable options; however, gypsum and cement mixtures were added to provide information about alternative plaster types that could be an option in building projects in general.

Clay

There are a variation of different clay-based plasters. Generally, they share similar components: about 20% clay, sand, fiber, and any additional/optional ingredients. The clay is sticky- having one of its sole purposes being to hold all of the ingredients together in a mixture. The sand not only provides strength, but it also prevents the plaster from cracking. The fiber ingredient, which could be: "hair, straw, hemp, cattail fluff, [or] manure, adds reinforcement and strength to the structure as well. Additional ingredients could include flour paste (flour and water), prickly pear juice, lime, mica, or fine fiber. [14]

As mentioned previously, earthen plasters like clay are considered water resistant. The specific reason behind why clay plaster contains this property is because of its molecular make up. "According to soil scientists, clay consists of tiny flat plates. When moisture comes into contact with an earthen plaster, it binds to clay molecules and forms a bridge between them, causing the clay to expand. The binding of water molecules to clay also prevents water from migrating into the deeper layers: the plaster self seals"[13].

Although erosion may occur on the surface layers of an earthen plaster due to rain and change of temperature/weather, the deeper layers will still protect the wall through it all [13].

Lime

Lime plaster is "typically made from lime and sand" and it's sufficient in exterior or interior wall use. Oftentimes, however, lime plaster is "usually applied on exterior walls where it provides excellent protection against the elements"- these elements perhaps being sun, rain, wind, etc [13]. Lime differs to other earthen plasters due to the fact that it takes an somewhat energy-intensive process to get the lime from its naturally occurring source, such as limestone. To create lime, a type of powder, called quicklime (heated and crushed limestone) must be hydrated in a process called "slaking", which is basically the calcium oxide and magnesium oxide reacting with water to create a lime paste used for making a lime-based plaster. This process works best over a larger time frame of sitting. If lime plaster dries too quickly, it can destroy it completely as an efficient plaster. Lime plasters are also not only aesthetically pleasing, but they are also "vapor permeable" [13].

While lime is caustic and can cause extreme damage upon touching skin or being inhaled, there are many advantages to using lime. It is also important to note that lime plaster requires a lime wash every 4-5 years. [15] The wash is needed to allow the building to breath. Though it is expensive, it improves the condition of the underlying plaster. Lime plaster is best composed of high calcium and low amounts of magnesium. When stored it’s vital to have a one to two inch of water on top to prevent carbonation by being exposed to the air just like in the process of making the plaster and must be fully slaked before the application may begin. Lime plaster is best suited to be applied one to three times where not all coats are of the same composition, and made using a mortar mixer rather than a cement mixer so that the material does not stick to the walls of the drum. The first two coats use one part lime putty and two to three parts sand while the last coat has a higher ratio of sand from one and a half parts to three. Sand within the plaster adds tensile strength and it’s important to be aware of the type of sand being used. Small grains can cause the plaster to crack or rub off because of the lack of strength, and as well, uniformly sized particles cause cracking due to the ability of the material to shear along many edges. The best sand to use is one that has non uniformly sized particles as well as particles not having smooth edges that, as well, may shear easily. It’s important to note that beach sand must be cleaned prior to use because of the salt content and it’s tendency to move out from the plaster, which creates patches of white salt. [13].

Gypsum

In addition to requiring heat to create the Gypsum plaster it is also not suitable for outdoors in humid environments. [15] Gypsum plaster is "a more delicate wall plaster. It is rather soft and water soluble, and is therefore typically reserved for interior work" [13].

Cement Stucco

In cement stucco, which is actually different from plaster, cement is the binding agent. This type of mixture is generally containing "cement, sand, and (frequently) lime". Cement stucco, also known as "portland cement", "wicks moisture into the walls and it tends to crack", which can ultimately allow moisture into the building [13]. Concrete made of portland cement is usually composed of 15-20% portland cement- and for each pound of cement produced, one pound of carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere originating from the machines needed to produce it as well as the chemical reaction.[16]

Past Projects

Las Malvinas Schoolroom

With a coffin manufacturer in the area, obtaining sawdust is easy and should be considered as a viable option to make plaster. In 2012 the Ecoladrillo school room was constructed using “3 layers of sawdust plaster” where the layers are composed of different ratios of cement and sawdust as previously discussed. The final layer does not contain sawdust for possible aesthetic reasons, but a tint was added to eliminate a need to paint [17]. To make the plaster 16 parts water with 1 part lime were added to a container to dissolve the lime, then 16 parts sawdust are added and let to soak for one hour. According to the past project reviews, this mixture should be added to 12 parts sifted sand to be mixed on a tarp on the ground. Then, add 8 parts cement and water as needed for the desired consistency [17]. For the final layer of plaster wait for the second layer to be mostly dry then apply a “long thin piece of wood to plane the wall, scraping off bulges and filling in holes with more plaster.” Apply the final layer and water as needed to create a smooth surface [17].

2013 Las Malvinas Botica Popular

To test the initial plasters it was decided to add a layer of paper outside of the chicken wire to allow the plaster to adhere to something other than the chicken wire and water bottles. The first layer of plaster was composed of “18 shovels-full of sand and 1/3 of a bag of cement.” The second layer was made to be thinner and again, less sand with the last layer. [18].

Construction

Very complete description of how final project is made. This large section should have lots of pictures. Please consider making a timeline in addition or instead. Use the Help:Images#Galleries and probably Template:How_to (e.g. Barrel O' Fun Worm Bin Instructions).

Timeline

The following is a timeline composed of the tasks assigned and achieved as well as the dates.

28 May 2015

Literature review

  • Finished 01 June 2015

28 May 2015

Community meeting at Las Malvinas II

29 May 2015

Meeting with Eddie at Las Malvinas II

  • Took notes on current state of Destacamento: how many blocks, current square footage
  • Took notes on current state of Botica Popular: which walls need plaster, what square footage needs plaster, of what composition are the current blocks and plaster

03 June 2015

Meeting with Gregorio and Enrique

  • Made list of materials needed to both purchase and obtain from the community
  • Made tentative schedule for following two weeks

05 June 2015

Made first iteration of caliche plaster recipe and applied to an inner wall of the Botica

06 June 2015

UNIBE Architecture camping day

07 June 2015

Research on plaster to decide on materials needed to purchase

08 June 2015

Tested dried plaster on inner wall of Botica and gathered supplies

09 June 2015

Made 6 different plasters to test that all include different materials such as two types of sand, flour, human hair collected from a local barber

  • Flour was made correctly this time by first dissolving the flour in cool water before adding it to the boiling water

10 June 2015

Researched on flooring to decide on materials needed to purchase

11 June 2015

Tested 6 plaster tests, gathered supplies for floors and plaster

  • Plaster without hair preformed better in the scratch test
  • Darker sand preformed better on water test, lighter sand preformed better in scratch test
  • Distillery is no longer powered by rice hull, and now uses wood. Will be collecting wood ash tomorrow.

Costs

The following table includes all purchases made to contribute to the Botica Popular.

Cost of materials
Material Source Quantity Costo (RD$) Cost ($)
25 lb Harina Tienda local en Las Malvinas 1 500.00 11.14
Caja Plastica 2" Ferreteria Cuesta 4 60.00 1.34
Tomacoriente Blanco Ferreteria Cuesta 8 544.00 12.12
Alambre Electrica (200 pies) Ferreteria Cuesta 2 2080.00 46.34
Pala Cuadrada Ferreteria Cuesta 2 760.00 16.93
Bticino Caja Plastica Ferreteria Cuesta 5 135.00 3.01
Caja T/GE Breaker Ferreteria Cuesta 1 420.00 9.36
Nicholson Hoja Seguente Ferreteria Cuesta 2 74.00 1.65
Bellota Llana P/AL Ferreteria Cuesta 2 440.00 9.80
Frota de Madera Ferreteria Cuesta 4 164.00 3.65
Frota de Goma Ferreteria Cuesta 4 140.00 3.12
1/2 lb Clavos Acero Ferreteria Cuesta 1 28.00 0.62
Tape Electrico Ferreteria Cuesta 1 47.00 1.05
Martillo Ferreteria Cuesta 1 235.00 5.24
Caja Electrica 2x4 Ferremix 3 102.00 2.27
Tubos 1/2x19 Ferremix 5 294.00 6.55
Playwood 1/2" (4'x8') Okume o Brazil Ferremix 1 980.00 21.83
Madera 1"x4" de 14' Bruta PinoAmer Ferremix 7 1505.00 33.53
Cepillo de Acerco Farmacia Carnina 1 35.00 0.78
Plana Albañil Farmacia Carnina 2 100.00 2.23
Cubeta Plastica 4x5 Farmacia Carnina 2 300.00 6.68
Call de 10lb Ferreteria Suazo 1 60.00 1.34
Cedazo para Albaail de Madera Ferreteria Suazo 1 225.00 5.01
Guantes P/ Damas Ferreteria Suazo 3 135.00 3.01
Plana China #7 Ferreteria Suazo 2 120.00 2.67
Macarilla Especial Ferreteria Suazo 7 420.00 9.36
Cal Hidratada Innova Centro 2 576.00 12.83
Total

Tests

Plastering Day 1:Recipe

All measurements have been taken using a 5 gallon bucket with a 12 inch diameter. Some measurements are in inches some in cm for greatest degree of accuracy.

Todas las medidads estan echas usando un cubete de 5 galones con un diámetro de 12 pulgadas. Unas de las medidas estan en centímetros mientras otras estan en pulgadas para mayor grado de precisión.

Plastering Day 1 Recipe
Componente Amount Español Source = Fuente
Flour = Harina de Trigo 6 lb 4 oz 6 lb 4 oz Colmado en Las Mavinas
Water = Agua 3 gallons 3 galones Enrique y Marta
Lime = Cal 1/4 bucket = 2.75 inches from bottom 1/4 de un cubete = 2.75 pulgadas del base Ferreteria
Caliche 9.25 cm from the bottom 9.25 cm del base Donated by Vasquez
Sand = Arena Donated by Vasquez

Plastering Day 1: Instructions


Plastering Day 2: Instructions

Make Wheat Paste based Eco-plaster




Caliche Plaster One
Steps Instructions
Step 1 Boil water and mix in flour
Hervir agua y sumar harina
Figure-11: Location of Rainbow Walkway at Zane Middle School.
Figure-11: Person mixing ingredients

Operation

This is how to operate. It should have a brief introduction and very useful images with labels. Also it may work best for your project to use the step by step how to template {{How to}}. See #Troubleshooting for an example.

Maintenance

Introduce this maintenance section.

Schedule

This is when to maintain what.

Daily
  • A daily task
  • A daily task
Weekly
  • a weekly task
  • a weekly task
Monthly
  • a monthly task
  • a monthly task
Yearly
  • a yearly task
  • a yearly task
Every __ years
  • task
  • task

Instructions

This is how to use and maintain it. The step by step how to template {{How to}} is most likely best for this part.

How To
Image Steps for completion
Backpack frame bike trailer |1 |Do something. Aleiha's parabolic solar cooker |2 |Do something really complicated but made simple, etc.

Conclusion

Testing results

Describe the testing results.

Discussion

Discuss the testing results.

Lessons learned

Discuss lessons were learned during this project and what you would do different next time.

Next steps

Discuss any next steps for the project as it goes on into the future.

Troubleshooting

This is only how to troubleshoot basic operation. For complex issues, the solution might just say contact ________. It should be a table in this format:

Troubleshooting
Problem Suggestion
Example issue Example solution or suggestion
Does not turn on Make sure it is plugged in
Another issue Et cetera

Team

Introduce team and semester in the following format:

Grading criteria for the remaining sections:

  • Grammar and spelling +1
  • Formatting +1
  • Depth, breadth and accuracy of content +7
  • Project documentation's potential for impact (e.g. reproduction) +1

References

Template:Reflist

Make sure to include other relevant categories at the bottom, e.g. [[Category:Rainater]], [[Category:Upcycling]], etc.

  1. http://www.humboldt.edu/learning/handouts/plagiarism_guide.pdf
  2. http://www.weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine,Santo-Domingo,Dominican-Republic
  3. 3.0 3.1 http://geography.about.com/library/cia/blcdominican.htm
  4. http://www.appropedia.org/CCAT_natural_concrete_stain
  5. http://www.solarhaven.org/FerrousSulfateStaining.htm
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  12. http://www.what-is-travertine.com/#what_is_travertine
  13. 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 Guelberth, Cedar, Chiras, Dan (2002). The Natural Plaster Book: Earth, Lime, and Gypsum Plasters for Natural Homes. New Society Publishers.
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