Hydrogen station

A hydrogen station is a storage or filling station for hydrogen, usually located along a road or hydrogen highway, or at home as part of the distributed generation resources concept.^[1] The stations are usually intended to power vehicles, but can also be used to power small devices.^[2] Vehicles use hydrogen as fuel in one of several ways, including fuel cells and mixed fuels like HCNG. The hydrogen fuel dispensers dispense the fuel by the kilogram.^[3]

Hydrogen filling stations

In 2000, Ford and Air Products opened the first hydrogen station in North America in Dearborn, MI.^[4]

Since the turn of the millennium, filling stations offering hydrogen have been opening worldwide. However, this does not begin to replace the existing extensive gasoline fuel station infrastructure, which would cost a half trillion U.S. dollars in the United States alone.^[5]

The hydrogen fueling stations include the following:

• In Germany as of March 2010 there is one hydrogen fuel station operating in Berlin, another under construction, and the Clean Energy Partnership plans additional stations.^[6]
• Iceland opened the first commercial hydrogen station in 2003 as part of the country's initiative to implement a hydrogen economy.^[7]
• Stations in California opened by the California Fuel Cell Partnership, and under Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger's California Hydrogen Highway program.^{[citation needed]}
• Japan has a number of hydrogen filling stations run by the Japan hydrogen fuel cell project to test various technologies of hydrogen generation.^{[citation needed]}
• British Columbia, Canada, is building a seven node hydrogen refueling station network from Victoria to Whistler timed to coincide with the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. The node in Surrey was the first in the world to deliver hydrogen at 70 MPa, and is the longest operational node in the network, having been supplying hydrogen since March 2002.^[8]
• Proton Energy Systems and Northern Power, both wholly owned subsidiaries of Distributed Energy Systems (Nasdaq: DESC), were contracted by EVermont to build an advanced demonstration hydrogen fueling station in Burlington, VT. The project was partially funded through the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hydrogen Program.^{[citation needed]}
• A hydrogen filling station opened in 2007 on the campus of The Ohio State University at the Center for Automotive Research. This station is the only one in Ohio.^[9]
• Missouri's only Hydrogen Filling Station is located at the Missouri University of Science and Technology campus.^[10]
• A prototype hydrogen fueling station was built in compliance with all of the prevailing safety, environmental and building codes in Phoenix to demonstrate that such fueling stations could be built in urban areas.^[11]
• Hynor, Norway's first hydrogen fueling station was opened in February 2007.^{[citation needed]}
• The UK has opened its first hydrogen filling station at the University of Birmingham.^[12]
• June 2008 - The HyApproval project, FP6 N° 019813 developed a universal handbook to facilitate the approval process of Hydrogen Refuelling Stations (HRS) in Europe.^[13]

Hydrogen home stations

Hydrogen home stations come in different types.

• A solar powered water electrolysing hydrogen home station, is made of solar cells, power converter, water purifier, electrolyzer, piping, hydrogen purifier,^[14] oxygen purifier, compressor,^[15] pressure vessels^[16] and a hydrogen outlet.^[17]

• A more complete home station would combine the solar home system on the inlet with natural gas and a reformer ^[18] and from the storage tank to a fuel cell microchp system to produce heat and electricity for the house and the excess electricity to the grid to become part as a distributed generation resource.

• Integrated systems that convert solar energy photoelectrochemically are more efficient than splitting water.^[19]

• January 2007 - Australia's CSIRO has developed a hydrogen homestation based on electricity from standard rooftop solar panels or a home wind turbine with an electrolyzer including compression and storage ready for use, the size of a filing cabinet, the expected market price would be $500 according to Sukhvinder Badwal. Extensive testing of the system will be going on for the next 2 years at RMIT University in Melbourne.^[20][21]

• Honda's Home Energy Station IV is in testing phase.
• United Nuclear hydrogen station
• Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies HydroFILL is a hydrogen station intended to power small devices.^[22]
• The fuel cell charger is another hydrogen station to power mobile appliances
• ITM Power Green-box is a personal hydrogen station intended for the fueling of vehicles ^[23]
• Daniel Nocera is also working on a personal hydrogen station^[24]
• Nico Hotz is also working on a personal hydrogen station; bio methanol is used to improve the efficiency of the solar panels.^[25]
• The Hopewell Project an oversized pilot homestation by Michael Strizki.^[26]
• The Chewonki Renewable Hydrogen Project opened on August 28, 2006 in Wiscasset, Maine.
• The Stuart Island Energy Initiative.^[27]
• The homefueler and HyStat-A Energy Station ^[28]

Hydrogen highway

A hydrogen highway is a chain of hydrogen-equipped filling stations and other infrastructure along a road or highway. Italy and Germany are collaborating to build a hydrogen highway between Mantova (Italy) and Munich (Germany). Italy completed building a hydrogen filling station in Mantova on 21 September 2007 (see Zero Regio).

See also

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• Cascade storage system
• HCNG dispenser
• Hydrogen vehicle
• Hydrogen production
• Hydrogen storage
• Hydrogen reformer
• Hydrogen piping
• Hydrogen leak testing
• Hydrogen sensor
• Autonomous building
• Microgeneration
• Virtual power plant
• Zero Regio

References

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External links

• H2stations.org Map of hydrogen refueling stations worldwide (GIS)
• Virtual hydrogen station IV
• EUhyfis
• ISO-TC 197
• Hydrogen Refueling Stations Mapped on Platial.
• Worldwide Hydrogen Fueling Stations (PDF) fuelcells.org
• Idaho National Laboratory

de:Wasserstofftankstelle es:Estación de hidrógeno it:Stazione di rifornimento di idrogeno ru:Водородная заправочная станция