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There are several research publications that indicate different environmental effects of GM crops (see section below). Risk to human health is also considerable, because a toxin (like Cry A1 toxins) that is harmless to humans when made in bacteria could be modified by the GM plant cells in many ways, some of which might be harmful to humans. Human health effects are particularly difficult to detect by employing short-term studies of anything that goes into human food - whether a pesticide or food coloring agent. With GM food, the chance of detection of a direct link is remote. As Schubert (2002) pointed out: "Prompt toxicity might be rapidly detected once the product entered the marketplace if it caused a unique disease and if the food were labeled for traceability, as were the GM batches of tryptophan. However, cancer or other common diseases with delayed onset would take decades to detect, and might never be traced to their cause."<br> | There are several research publications that indicate different environmental effects of GM crops (see section below). Risk to human health is also considerable, because a toxin (like Cry A1 toxins) that is harmless to humans when made in bacteria could be modified by the GM plant cells in many ways, some of which might be harmful to humans. Human health effects are particularly difficult to detect by employing short-term studies of anything that goes into human food - whether a pesticide or food coloring agent. With GM food, the chance of detection of a direct link is remote. As Schubert (2002) pointed out: "Prompt toxicity might be rapidly detected once the product entered the marketplace if it caused a unique disease and if the food were labeled for traceability, as were the GM batches of tryptophan. However, cancer or other common diseases with delayed onset would take decades to detect, and might never be traced to their cause."<br> | ||
There are many publications on the risks of GMOs. One of the most thorough and authoritative account of environmental and health risks from GMOs is ''Genetic Engineering: Dream or Nightmare?'' by Mae-Wan Ho. A more technical anthology of risks of GMOs by a group of professional scientists is ''Biosafety First'', edited by Terje Traavik and Lim Li Ching. A popular expositor is Jeffrey M. Smith, whose ''Seeds of Deception ''and ''Genetic Roulette ''are quite famous, although does not cite many important scientific work. Another popular writer is F. William Engdahl. A recent account of the scientific uncertainties and unpredictable hazards on molecular, organismal and ecological levels, is Debal Deb (2014) | There are many publications on the risks of GMOs. One of the most thorough and authoritative account of environmental and health risks from GMOs is ''Genetic Engineering: Dream or Nightmare?'' by Mae-Wan Ho. A more technical anthology of risks of GMOs by a group of professional scientists is ''Biosafety First'', edited by Terje Traavik and Lim Li Ching. A popular expositor is Jeffrey M. Smith, whose ''Seeds of Deception ''and ''Genetic Roulette ''are quite famous, although does not cite many important scientific work. Another popular writer is F. William Engdahl. A recent account of the scientific uncertainties and unpredictable hazards on molecular, organismal and ecological levels, is Debal Deb (2014). | ||
==<br>Absence of Evidence? == | ==<br>Absence of Evidence? == | ||