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This document has mentioned the height of the columns (feet) that would be suitable for car parking, which would be useful to us when we simulate the model through software. | This document has mentioned the height of the columns (feet) that would be suitable for car parking, which would be useful to us when we simulate the model through software. | ||
===='''' Design, finance, construction & operation of Solar PV car parks''''==== | |||
[http://www.coruscantgroup.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/Coruscant.-English-brochure.pdf Solar PV car parks] <ref> Coruscant, a solar energy company </ref> | |||
<br/> | |||
The document gives very detailed information about: | |||
* Various case studies of car-park in France with the Capacity, Surface & Annual production specifications | |||
* Construction & design specifications for maximum efficiency | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 21:52, 7 September 2015
Introduction
Following up on the last research topic entitled "Economic Impact of replacing non-food crop farms with PV systems" - this research will center around the Economic analysis of installing rooftop PV systems in large parking lot areas (Walmart, USA). The goal would be to see if it made economic sense to the parking area owners to install PV systems and sell the electricity to the utility. This page is dedicated to collecting all Literature's centered around large parking lot areas (or similar areas) with rooftop PV systems.
Literature Review
Rooftop suitability of PV systems: A review
Estimating Rooftop Suitability of PV systems[1]
This document gives information about:
- Technical potential of solar PV systems from a given rooftop area
- Different methods of estimating rooftop area - GIS & 3-D models
- Review of various literature's on estimating rooftop area and proposing a NREL method
- Amount of energy tapped from PV systems from a defined area (m^2)
This information would be valuable to us when we use a certain m^2 of parking lot area to install rooftop PV systems. The document would be a valuable guide in ensuring the maximum potential is obtained from the PV systems installed in the given rooftop area.
V2G Parking Lot With PV Rooftop for Capacity Enhancement of a Distribution System
V2G Parking Lot With PV Rooftop for Capacity Enhancement of a Distribution System[2]
This IEEE paper provides information on how the energy generated from PV systems can be used to charge car batteries. This would potentially help our research - Option of charging the electric cars parked in the Parking area would help build a strong case for economic viability of PV rooftop systems.
Photovoltaic Car parks
PV Car Parks[3]
Although this document is based around PV car parks in Germnay, it enumerates various examples which can be used as a reliable reference in our research project. The technical specifications and kwh o/p is also provided for each one of the car parks.
'Solar Car Shades'
Solar Car Shades[4]
This document provides information about the concept of PV rooftop installs in car parking lots in the state of California, USA. This document is helpful as it provides dedicated information on the geometry of the PV rooftop systems. This would be beneficial when we simulate a similar system in PVsyst. This paper also lists examples of various such systems in California which would be a good reference point.
'Solar Parking Project'
Solar Parking Project [5]
This paper is possibly one of the most helpful documents as it provides information about:
- Describes in depth the economic, environmental & social benefits of installing Solar PV rooftops in the parking lot in the Univ of Utah
- Defines incentives for the rooftop systems - which can serve as a reference point in our research
- Defines University of Utah's PV energy and demand charge value
- Defines system performance with technical parameters
- Possible utility rate increase in the next couple of years
- Expenses incurred for operating the system
- LCOE calculation
'Perry Street Parking Structure'
Perry Street Parking Structure[6]
One more similar project - this one pertains to Siemens inc. installing a PV rooftop car park system in Virginia Tech University, USA. The document describes the technical parameters of the system which would serve as a good reference point when we simulate the system in PVsyst.
'Feasibility Study of Economics and Performance of Solar Photovoltaics at the Ft. Hood Military Base Outside Killeen,Texas'
Feasibility Study of Economics and Performance of Solar Photovoltaics[7]
This document by NREL describes the different uses of installing PV systems in this military base. There are many different types of PV systems installed here - but we are potentially interested in the economic study of using 50acres of land for carport roof-mounted PV systems. The document has taken into account various incentives and used SAM model for feasibility analysis - a software which will be used by us. Detailed analysis like PPA (cents/kwh), NPV, Annual O&M have also been taken into account here.
'Optimal Charging of Plug-in Electric Vehicles for a Car-Park Infrastructure'
Optimal Charging of Plug-in Electric Vehicles for a Car-Park Infrastructure [8]
The main objective of this IEEE paper is to show how rooftop Solar PV systems in parking lots can be successfully used to charge electric vehicles. It shows the kWh capacity of the system along with the system description & problem formulation. It also shows how the PV system can be integrated with the Grid system which would be useful in our analysis. Mathematical formula's and calculations can be used to verify results.
'Best practice guide - Photovoltaics (PV)'
Best practice guide - Photovoltaics (PV)[9]
This document has the following information that is useful to us:
- Specs for Rooftop PV's - kWh consumption per month, design & construction
- Costs & sizing of PV rooftop arrays
- Grid connection & metering aspects of rooftop systems
- Case studies with kWh/m^2 specifications
'Multi-level car park'
Multi Level carpark, Australia[10]
Following information on this website would be helpful to us:
- Module Area (m^2)
- Tilt of Array
- Orientation of Array
- Module make and model
- Module size and number of modules
- Total energy consumption
'Design Criteria for Structural Solar Supports for Parking Canopies Installations'
Design Criteria for Structural Solar Supports for Parking Canopies Installations [11]
As the name suggests, this document gives a good brief description of:
- Structural Dimension of the array
- Size considerations for over-sized vehicles and snow
- Design specs for loading and construction
- Design of Solar Modules on roof
This document has mentioned the height of the columns (feet) that would be suitable for car parking, which would be useful to us when we simulate the model through software.
' Design, finance, construction & operation of Solar PV car parks'
Solar PV car parks [12]
The document gives very detailed information about:
- Various case studies of car-park in France with the Capacity, Surface & Annual production specifications
- Construction & design specifications for maximum efficiency
References
- ↑ J. Melius, R. Margolis, and S. Ong National Renewable Energy Laboratory December 2013
- ↑ U. C. Chukwu and S. M. Mahajan, “V2G Parking Lot With PV Rooftop for Capacity Enhancement of a Distribution System,” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 119–127, Jan. 2014.
- ↑ BELELECTRIC
- ↑ SolarPV International LLC
- ↑ Hannah Bybee, Jared Durrant, Amber McNeel, Robert Millsap, Robinson Vasquez, Erica Wiley, Rick Lake - The Office of Sustainability and Commuter Services
- ↑ Siemens Industry, Inc 2012
- ↑ Jesse Geiger , Lars Lisell,and Gail Mosey, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)Prepared under Task No. WFM2.1001
- ↑ T. Ma and O. A. Mohammed, “Optimal Charging of Plug-in Electric Vehicles for a Car-Park Infrastructure,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 2323–2330, Jul. 2014.
- ↑ Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAL)
- ↑ The University of Queensland, Australia
- ↑ Structural Solar LLC.
- ↑ Coruscant, a solar energy company