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Intro

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Benefits

  • effective at eliminating odor from addition of lime or ash
  • doesn't attract flies
  • reduces human contact with contagious illnesses
  • produces composted fertilizer that is rendered safer for human use as parasites are killed and the bacteria count is reduced
  • prevents contamination of groundwater, since it is closed during composting
  • is great for off grid systems that do not have access to a municipal sewer system
  • it is cheaper then installing a municipal waste treatment system
  • in order to work it does not require the addition of more water, a precious resource better drank then flushed down the toilet in most communities.



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How it Functions

  • Urine is separated from solid excrement
  • There are two chambers, while one is in use, the others contents are being converted into compost
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1. Separating the Urine

The special design allows the urine to be separated from the solid waste. The urine is lead to an absorption well dug close to the bathroom or it can be captured into a separate receptacle so that after it has been diluted in water it can be utilized as a fertilizer. The solid excrement meanwhile enters the interior of the chamber that is in use.

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2. Drying the Fresh Excrement

After just depositing fresh excrement in the toilet add one cup of mix of either 3 dirt to 1 lime or 3 dirt to 1 ash on the top. This mix helps avoid the presence of flies and eliminates odors. When the toilet is sealed in an environment without light, oxygen, or water this mix also helps chemically burn parasites in the excrement. BE CARFEUL not to add to much lime or ash if using the finished compost for fertilizer, since the mix can make the compost become too basic for use on most plants.

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3. Alternating the Use of the Chambers

  • Chambers are used at alternating times. When one is full, seal the top with a mix of dirt, bolt down the seat cover, and leave to sit, meanwhile using the alternate chamber.

During this time the closed chamber creates an anaerobic environment that gets to high enough temperatures to destroy most pathogens and the action of the lime or ash helps to chemically burn parasites within the waste.

  • A little bit before the second chamber is full, is the time to empty the primary chamber that has been sitting composting and now the waste is ready for use as a high quality fertilizer. After emptying and cleaning out this primary chamber it is ready for reuse and for being resealed.

Process of Decomposition

  1. Aerobic Decomposition:
    Before using each of the cement chambers, deposit 5cm of dry dirt on the floor. While the chamber is in use organisms present in the dirt are introduced to the excrement and help to decompose the waste.
  2. Alkaline Decomposition:
    During the time that the excrement is covered and sealed without the presence of water, light, or air the lime and ash chemically burns the parasites so that after a few months the compost is free of parasites.
  3. Anaerobic Decomposition:
    At the center of the pile the lack of oxygen creates anaerobic conditions where different microbial organisms help to break down the waste and can help fix higher levels of nitrogen, since the ammonium nitrogen can not volatilize out of the pile.

Alternative Human Waste Treatment Systems

References

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