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===Die Hydrolyse Zeitabschnitt===
===Der Zeitabschnitt der Hydrolyse===
<br>''Lateinisch~'' Hydro- (wasser) und -lysis (breche)<br>
<br>''Lateinisch~'' Hydro- (wasser) und -lysis (breche)<br>


<br> Jetzt wassere Moleküle reagiert auf dem schwierigem organischem Molekül und Sie unterbrechen in kleinen Teile. Die bakterielle Faulung bedingt die Beschädigung des wichtigen organischen Bauelement wie Zucker,Fette und Eiweißstoffe auf ihren
<br> Jetzt wassere Moleküle reagiert auf dem schwierigem organischem Molekül und Sie unterbrechen in kleinen Teile. Die bakterielle Faulung bedingt die Beschädigung des wichtigen organischen Bauelement wie Zucker,Fette und Eiweißstoffe auf ihren
Monosacchariden, Fettsäuren und Aminosäuren Untereinheiten.<ref>
Monosacchariden, Fettsäuren und Aminosäuren Untereinheiten.<ref>
[http://www.fao.org/docrep/w7241e/w7241e0f.htm Food and Agriculture Orginzation of the United Nations]
[http://www.fao.org/docrep/w7241e/w7241e0f.htm Food and Agriculture Orginazation of the United Nations]
</ref>
</ref>
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===Acidogenesis (fermentation)Phase===
 
<br />''Latin~'' Acido- (sour, as in excess lactic acid in sour milk or excess citric acid in a sour lemon) and -genesis (creation)<br />The enzymes used by the bacteria in the Hydrolysis stage, continue to break the smaller organic subunits into even smaller partsThe sugars are digested the same way that yeast produce alcohols. Largely, the fatty and amino acids are metabolised in the following Acetogenesis phase.  Production of gaseous by-products such as carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)  and hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) are elevated during this phase.  The hydrogen gas (H<sub>2</sub>) plays a pivotal role in the final methane-conversion process.
===Der Zeitabschnitt der Azidogenese (die Fermentierung)===
<br />''Latin~'' Acido- (sauer, wie überschüssige die Hydroxypropionsäure auf sauerer Milch oder überschüssige Zitronensäure auf einer sauerer Zitrone) und -genesis (die Anlage)
 
<br />Die Enzyme von der Hydrolyse unterbrchen noch die kleine organische Untereinheiten auf kleineren TeilenDie Zucker verdauen wie das Äthanol von Bierhefe .Großtenteils, Fettsäueren und Aminosäueren metabolisieren im Folgenden Zeitabschnitt.  Production of gaseous by-products such as carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)  and hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) are elevated during this phase.  The hydrogen gas (H<sub>2</sub>) plays a pivotal role in the final methane-conversion process.
<br>
===Acetogenesis Phase===
===Acetogenesis Phase===
<br />''Latin~'' Aceto-(vinegar, product of acetic acid) and -genesis (creation)<br />This stage generates acetate and other molecules which break into methane in the next stage.  This is accomplished in coordination with the hydrogen gases (H<sub>2</sub>) formed and the bacterial enzymatic digestion where the organic matter has been broken down to its more basic components.
<br />''Latin~'' Aceto-(vinegar, product of acetic acid) and -genesis (creation)<br />This stage generates acetate and other molecules which break into methane in the next stage.  This is accomplished in coordination with the hydrogen gases (H<sub>2</sub>) formed and the bacterial enzymatic digestion where the organic matter has been broken down to its more basic components.

Revision as of 02:42, 1 March 2010

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Die anaeroben Biokonverters

Die Bestimmung eines anaeroben Biokonverter, auf Schaubild 1 zu ergeben, benutzt bakterielle biologische Prozesse, indem organische Substanz in Abwesenheit von Sauerstoff verbraucht.

Schaubild 1: Arcata Biokonverter
Source: Appropedia Image Library
Schaubild 2: Treatment Plant Layout
Source: FOAM--Friends of the Arcata Marsh

Im Falle von dem Arcata Abwasser Aufbereitungszentrum der Biokonverter bearbeitet grobe Abwasser von der anfänglicher Aufberitung. Während Abwassers durch das Kopfleitwerk und Nachklärbecken (Figure 2)[1] läuft, die organische Substanz schied ab und sie geht zur den Biokonverters für Aufbereitung. Das Wasser ist abgetrennt und es geht zur den oxidieren Teichen.




Der Zeitabschnitt der anaeroben Faulung

Die anaerobe Faulung der organischen Abwasserinhaltsstoffe beachten die Schritte,auf Schaubild 3 zu ergeben.[2]. Das dritte Schaubild beschreibt die Bestimmung der organischen Abwasserinhaltsstoffe,dass Sie durchlaufen, um die Endeprodukte von Kohlendioxid(CO2), Methan(CH4), und verdaute beständig Komposterde zu werden.

Schaubild 3: Bacteria break down of complex organic molecules
Source: EPA- Region 9

1.) Hydrolysis: Water-based breakdown of organic matter.
2.) Fermentation: Fatty acids generating acetic acids, CO2 and H2.
3.) Acetogenesis: Creation of addtional acetic acid, CO2 and H2 from Fermentation products.
4.) Methanogenesis: Generation of methane from acetic acid CO2 and H2.


Der Zeitabschnitt der Hydrolyse


Lateinisch~ Hydro- (wasser) und -lysis (breche)


Jetzt wassere Moleküle reagiert auf dem schwierigem organischem Molekül und Sie unterbrechen in kleinen Teile. Die bakterielle Faulung bedingt die Beschädigung des wichtigen organischen Bauelement wie Zucker,Fette und Eiweißstoffe auf ihren Monosacchariden, Fettsäuren und Aminosäuren Untereinheiten.[3]

Der Zeitabschnitt der Azidogenese (die Fermentierung)


Latin~ Acido- (sauer, wie überschüssige die Hydroxypropionsäure auf sauerer Milch oder überschüssige Zitronensäure auf einer sauerer Zitrone) und -genesis (die Anlage)


Die Enzyme von der Hydrolyse unterbrchen noch die kleine organische Untereinheiten auf kleineren Teilen. Die Zucker verdauen wie das Äthanol von Bierhefe .Großtenteils, Fettsäueren und Aminosäueren metabolisieren im Folgenden Zeitabschnitt. Production of gaseous by-products such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) are elevated during this phase. The hydrogen gas (H2) plays a pivotal role in the final methane-conversion process.

Acetogenesis Phase


Latin~ Aceto-(vinegar, product of acetic acid) and -genesis (creation)
This stage generates acetate and other molecules which break into methane in the next stage. This is accomplished in coordination with the hydrogen gases (H2) formed and the bacterial enzymatic digestion where the organic matter has been broken down to its more basic components.

Methanogesis Phase


Latin~ Methano-(methane)and -genesis(creation)
This stage describes the final step in the digeation of organic material into its simplest form of methane, one carbon bonded to four hydrogens. This methane is produced from the many molecules present at this point. Take for example, a product formed from the previous stage, called an acetate anion:

H3CCOO-


The methyl component (H3C-) on the left side needs only react with one hydrogen to break away from the ester and become one molecule of methane (CH4).

Benefits of Digesters

The digesters in Arcata have increased efficiency and use of energy in the waste they receive by generating biogas (methane) in their process. The methane is used as a fuel for heating boilers that control the temperature of the organic matter. At the end of the digestion process, the 'treated' sludge is dried to produce a nutrient-rich compost.

Cogeneration Process


Cogeneration refers to the use of methane, produced in the metabolic digestion of organic material to creating heat and/ or electrical power. The use of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) illustrates the potential for the reduction of energy consumption in treatment of wastewater and the creation of electricity for municipal grids. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) diagrams the process in Figure 4, WWTF refers to wastewater treatment facility:

Cogen copy.jpg
Fig. 4: Cogeneration Schematic
Source: EPA Wastewater Fact Sheet

The Encina Wastewater Authority and the East Bay Municipal Utility District[4] have shown what can be realized with a system that allows for enrgy savings and electric production from cogeneration. Arcata Wastewater Treatment Plant has an electircal cogeneration facility built in the 1980's that is currently offline due to operational difficulties. The City of Arcata is investigating solutions to bring congenerated electricity back online.[5]


However, the Arcata Wastewater Treatment Plant does use the energy of combusting methane to run boilers which bring the temperature of the sludge to around 99 degrees Fahrenheit. This allows the creation of favorable environments for Mesophilic (Latin~ warm-loving) and Thermophilic (Latin~ hot-loving) bacteria that are digesting the activated sludge. The primary digester is heated, the secondary tank for digested solids is not.


Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions


Since all carbon dioxide (CO2) that is emitted from the anaerobic digestion process was already embedded in the organic material being digested, no additional carbon dioxide is created while methane is produced. Carbon dioxide is generated when methane (CH4) is combusted as biogas, this actually reduces greenhouse gases since methane is approximately 20 times more dangerous a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.

Digestate(Compost)


The remaining solids present a nutrient substrate for compost material. The Arcata Wastewater Treatment Plant also uses the digested solid as a mixing point to compost invasive hydrocotyl that is removed from treatment ponds.

References

Translated by User:T.Auerbeck

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