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*Kar, Kamal (2003). [http://www.ntd.co.uk/idsbookshop/details.asp?id=760 Subsidy or Self-respect? Participatory Total Community Sanitation in Bangladesh]. IDS Working Paper, 50 pages. Free in PDF format. | *Kar, Kamal (2003). [http://www.ntd.co.uk/idsbookshop/details.asp?id=760 Subsidy or Self-respect? Participatory Total Community Sanitation in Bangladesh]. IDS Working Paper, 50 pages. Free in PDF format. | ||
*Kar, Kamal and Pasteur, Katherine (2005). [http://www.ntd.co.uk/idsbookshop/details.asp?id=899 Subsidy of Self-Respect? Community Led Total Sanitation. An Update on Recent Developments]. IDS Working Paper, 68 pages. Free in PDF format. | *Kar, Kamal and Pasteur, Katherine (2005). [http://www.ntd.co.uk/idsbookshop/details.asp?id=899 Subsidy of Self-Respect? Community Led Total Sanitation. An Update on Recent Developments]. IDS Working Paper, 68 pages. Free in PDF format. | ||
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Revision as of 22:47, 18 February 2007
Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) is a grassroots approach to sanitation developed in Bangladesh. It follows the philosophy of participatory rural appraisal,[1] or PRA.
CLTS was developed by Kamal Kar, an advocate of community participation in development, in Bangladesh.
He has criticised the lack of success of NGO's in Bangladesh, saying "It is difficult to find even 100 villages among nearly 85,000 that are 100 per cent sanitised and free from open defecation." [2]
He has also been involved in low cost sanitation programs. [3]
Background
Kamal Kar is a development consultant based in Kolkata, India, who has worked with many national and international agencies on innovative methodologies for development in Asia and Africa.
Kamal Kar introduced PRA (participatory rural appraisal) in 1993 (to Tanzania? Johansson, 2000). CLTS, (Community-led total sanitation) was developed in 2000 by Kar with his colleagues, WaterAid and Village Education Resources Centre (VERC) (a Bangladesh NGO).[4] (PLA Notes 49: Decentralisation and Community-based Planning, p31)
Introduction
CLTS is a low-cost methodology requiring no hardware subsidy: the main input is good facilitation of the participatory process.(2005)
See also
Wikipedia articles:
- Participation (decision making)
- Grassroots
- Farmer Field School[3][4][5] - another grassroots development program.
References
- ↑ Wikipedia:Participatory rural appraisal[1][2]
- ↑ Water: either too much or too little, Environmental Articles Archive: Water Resources, July 2004.
- ↑ Habitat Debate, Volume 9, no. 3, September 2003.
- ↑ partner organizations listed under Acknowledgements, 2005, p19.
Further reading
- Kar, Kamal (2003). Subsidy or Self-respect? Participatory Total Community Sanitation in Bangladesh. IDS Working Paper, 50 pages. Free in PDF format.
- Kar, Kamal and Pasteur, Katherine (2005). Subsidy of Self-Respect? Community Led Total Sanitation. An Update on Recent Developments. IDS Working Paper, 68 pages. Free in PDF format.