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'''Community-led total sanitation (CLTS)'''<!--Note re title - Kamar & Pasteur use this term in in capitalized and uncapitalized forms, with and without a hyphen in "Community-led". --Chriswaterguy--> is a grassroots approach to sanitation developed in Bangladesh. It follows the philosophy of participatory rural appraisal,<ref>[[Wikipedia:Participatory rural appraisal]][http://www.iisd.org/casl/CASLGuide/PRA.htm][http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/sourcebook/sba104.htm]</ref> or PRA.  
'''Community-led total sanitation (CLTS)'''<!--Note re title - Kamar & Pasteur use this term in in capitalized and uncapitalized forms, with and without a hyphen in "Community-led". --Chriswaterguy--> is a grassroots approach to sanitation developed in Bangladesh. It follows the philosophy of participatory rural appraisal,<ref>[[Wikipedia:Participatory rural appraisal]][http://www.iisd.org/casl/CASLGuide/PRA.htm][http://www.worldbank.org/wbi/sourcebook/sba104.htm]</ref> or PRA.  


CLTS was developed by Kamal Kar, an advocate of community participation in development, in Bangladesh.  
CLTS was developed by Kamal Kar, an advocate of [[community participation]] in development, in Bangladesh.  


He has criticised the lack of success of NGO's in Bangladesh, saying ''"It is difficult to find even 100 villages among nearly 85,000 that are 100 per cent sanitised and free from open defecation."'' <ref name="bcas">[http://www.bcas.net/Env.Features/Water/2004/July2004/15%20to%2030.htm Water: either too much or too little], Environmental Articles Archive: Water Resources, July 2004.</ref>
He has criticised the lack of success of NGO's in Bangladesh, saying ''"It is difficult to find even 100 villages among nearly 85,000 that are 100 per cent sanitised and free from [[open defecation]]."'' <ref name="bcas">[http://www.bcas.net/Env.Features/Water/2004/July2004/15%20to%2030.htm Water: either too much or too little], Environmental Articles Archive: Water Resources, July 2004.</ref>


He has also been involved in low cost sanitation programs. <ref name="unchs">[http://staging.unchs.org/hd/hdv9n3/6.asp Habitat Debate], Volume 9, no. 3, September 2003.</ref>
He has also been involved in low cost [[sanitation]] programs. <ref name="unchs">[http://staging.unchs.org/hd/hdv9n3/6.asp Habitat Debate], Volume 9, no. 3, September 2003.</ref>


==Background==
==Background==
Kamal Kar is a development consultant based in Kolkata, India, who has worked with many national and international agencies on innovative methodologies for development in Asia and Africa.  
Kamal Kar is a development consultant based in [[Kolkata]], [[India]], who has worked with many national and international agencies on innovative methodologies for development in [[Asia]] and [[Africa]].  


Kamal Kar introduced PRA (participatory rural appraisal) in 1993 (to Tanzania? Johansson, 2000). CLTS, (Community-led total sanitation) was developed in 2000 by Kar with his colleagues, Water Aid and Village Education Resources Centre (VERC) (a Bangladesh NGO).<ref>partner organizations listed under ''Acknowledgements'', 2005, p19.</ref> (PLA Notes 49: Decentralisation and Community-based Planning, p31)
Kamal Kar introduced PRA (participatory rural appraisal) in 1993 (to Tanzania? Johansson, 2000). CLTS, (Community-led total sanitation) was developed in 2000 by Kar with his colleagues, [[WaterAid]] and [[Village Education Resources Centre]] (VERC) (a Bangladesh NGO).<ref>partner organizations listed under ''Acknowledgements'', 2005, p19.</ref> (PLA Notes 49: Decentralisation and Community-based Planning, p31)


==Introduction==
==Introduction==
CLTS is a low-cost methodology requiring no hardware subsidy: the main input is good facilitation of the participatory process.(2005)
CLTS is a low-cost methodology requiring no hardware [[subsidy]]: the main input is good facilitation of the participatory process.(2005)


==See also==
==See also==
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[[Category:Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Culture and development]]
[[Category:Community participation]]
[[Category:Sanitation]]
[[Category:Sanitation]]
[[Category:Hygiene]]
[[Category:Hygiene]]
[[Category:Project]]
[[Category:Project]]

Revision as of 13:20, 13 February 2007

Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) is a grassroots approach to sanitation developed in Bangladesh. It follows the philosophy of participatory rural appraisal,[1] or PRA.

CLTS was developed by Kamal Kar, an advocate of community participation in development, in Bangladesh.

He has criticised the lack of success of NGO's in Bangladesh, saying "It is difficult to find even 100 villages among nearly 85,000 that are 100 per cent sanitised and free from open defecation." [2]

He has also been involved in low cost sanitation programs. [3]

Background

Kamal Kar is a development consultant based in Kolkata, India, who has worked with many national and international agencies on innovative methodologies for development in Asia and Africa.

Kamal Kar introduced PRA (participatory rural appraisal) in 1993 (to Tanzania? Johansson, 2000). CLTS, (Community-led total sanitation) was developed in 2000 by Kar with his colleagues, WaterAid and Village Education Resources Centre (VERC) (a Bangladesh NGO).[4] (PLA Notes 49: Decentralisation and Community-based Planning, p31)

Introduction

CLTS is a low-cost methodology requiring no hardware subsidy: the main input is good facilitation of the participatory process.(2005)

See also

Wikipedia articles:

References

  1. Wikipedia:Participatory rural appraisal[1][2]
  2. Water: either too much or too little, Environmental Articles Archive: Water Resources, July 2004.
  3. Habitat Debate, Volume 9, no. 3, September 2003.
  4. partner organizations listed under Acknowledgements, 2005, p19.

Further reading

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