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Coffee Processing (Practical Action Technical Brief)
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== Agricultural and botanical aspects == The two most important species of coffee are ''Coffea arabica'' (Arabica coffee) (over 70% of world production) - and C''offea canephora'' (Robusta coffee). Two other species which are grown on a much smaller scale are'' Coffea liberica'' (Liberica coffee) and ''Coffea dewevrei'' (Excelsa coffee). '''Arabica (Coffea arabica) ''' This is a shrub or small tree with relatively small glossy leaves and small fragrant white flowers. Arabica coffee usually receives a premium for its superior flavour and aroma. Arabica is more suited to higher cooler climates (600-2000m altitude and 15-20°C). '''Robusta (Coffea canephora)''' There are many different Robusta varieties. In general, they can thrive in hotter lowland areas (below 900m altitude and over 20°C). Robusta coffee is preferred for instant coffee production since the yield of soluble solids is relatively high. '''Liberica (Coffea liberica) ''' This is a larger tree with large leaves and berries. It can tolerate hot and wet conditions. Liberica coffee is grown in Malaysia and in West Africa, but only very small quantities are traded as demand for its flavour characteristics is low.
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