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== Under Construction ==
{{777}}
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==Brace for the treating of infants with club foot in East Africa ==
==Brace for the treating of infants with club foot==
  Project developed by [Blsavone]
  Project developed by [Blsavone]
'''For updated version see: [[Open-Source Three-Dimensional Printable Infant Clubfoot Brace]]'''
{{status-design}}
{{status-design}}


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=== Problem ===
=== Problem ===


[[image:clubfoot.jpg|thumb|right]]
Club foot is a congenital, physical deformity that is characterized by infants being born with a foot turned inward or to the side. It is easily and typically treated in developing countries, but in rural, developing areas where treatment options may be less available, club foot can lead to life-long disability. It has been estimated that prevalence of clubfoot in Africa is approximately 2 in 1000 births [https://cure.org/downloads/site/clubfoot/ccw-creating_a_countrywide_program_model.pdf] and as high as 8 in every 1000 births in East Africa [http://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/perceptions-regarding-medical-management-of-clubfoot-in-kenya-2329-9096-1000309.php?aid=64785].
This project was inspired by conversations with Kenyan orthopedics specialists that occurred in Kisumu, Kenya in 2016.


=== Solution ===
=== Solution ===
[[File:clubfootbracefinal.jpg]]
[[Image:clubfootbracefinal.jpg|thumb|Club foot brace]]


A 3D printable brace that can be used to treat children born with club foot. The brace is able to be adjusted in several different directions, can extend in stance-width, and has an open-toe design to allow for a variety of sizes. The stance widith is measurable in 0.5cm increments, and both angles can be adjusted to the nearest 15 degrees.
A 3D printable brace that can be used to treat children born with club foot. The brace is able to be adjusted in several different directions, can extend in stance-width, and has an open-toe design to allow for a variety of sizes. The stance widith is measurable in 0.5cm increments, and both angles can be adjusted to the nearest 15 degrees.
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== Bill of Materials==
== Bill of Materials==
#PLA plastic filament
# 2 x 1/4-20 1" carriage bolt
# 1 x 1/4-20 1.25" carriage bolt
# 1 x 1/4-20 0.75" carriage bolt
# 2 x 1/4-20 1" hex head bolt
# 6 x 1/4-20 hex nut


== Tools needed for fabrication of the OSAT==
== Tools needed for fabrication of the OSAT==
Line 26: Line 35:


== Skills and Knowledge Necessary to Make the OSAT ==
== Skills and Knowledge Necessary to Make the OSAT ==
* If you used special skill – link to relevant wikipedia or wikiversity articles/courses
None


== Technical Specifications and Assembly Instructions==
== Technical Specifications and Assembly Instructions==
# Provide directions for print/assembly - be detailed enough in your “how to” to ensure that someone could construct the device from your description. Consider the elegance of IKEA like instructions.
# Include print time estimate
# Include assembly time estimate
# Including drawings or pictures of the device at stage of assembly at minimum. (http://www.appropedia.org/Special:Upload)


===FreeCad Files===
[[File:Angle_Bracket.FCStd]]
[[File:Bottom_Slider.FCStd]]
[[File:Bottom_Slider.FCStd]]
[[File:Foot_Pad.FCStd]]
[[File:knob_flattened.FCStd]]
[[File:Knob_Raised.FCStd]]
[[File:Top_Slider.FCStd]]
===Printable Stl files===
STL Files available at [https://www.youmagine.com/designs/braces-for-children-with-club-foot Youmagine]
===Print Instructions===
For all printed components
'''Material''': PLA
'''Layer Height''': 0.2mm
'''Shell Thickness''': 1mm
'''Fill Density''': 80%
'''Print Speed''': 40 mm/s
'''Printing Temperature''': 185 C
No supports necessary.
Total Printing Time: 13+ hours
Assembly time: >5min
===Assembly Instructions===
Using the .stl files above print out the following
[[image:cfbracecomponents.jpg|thumb|left|Printed Components]]
#1 x bottom slider
#1 x top slider
#1 x closing bracket
#2 x angle bracket
#2 x foot pads
#5 x flattened knob
#1 x raised knob
<gallery caption="Assembly of Foot Brace">
Image:cfbrace1.jpg|Place nuts into the flattened knobs|
Image:cfbrace2.jpg|Take the 0.75 inch carriage bolt and place it through the top and bottom sliders|
Image:cfbrace3.jpg|Place the 1.25 inch carriage bolt though the closing bracket and existing assembly|
Image:cfbrace4.jpg|Place the 1 inch bolts through the angle brackets and existing assembly
Image:cfbrace5.jpg|Place 3 of the flattened knobs and the one raised knob on the carriage bolts and tighten
Image:cfbrace6.jpg|Place the 1 inch hex head bolts through the foot pads and attach them to the angle brackets.
Image:cfbrace7.jpg|Tighten the remaining two knobs onto the hex head bolts
</gallery>


=== Common Problems and Solutions===
=== Common Problems and Solutions===
* Include common mistakes/problems to avoid in building your OSAT and how to overcome them
 
#Be sure to place the nuts into the printed dials as soon as the dials are printed. The plastic is still soft as it cools, and due to its tight fit, it is difficult to place the plastic once it has cooled.
#Some of the holes may be a tight fit. Be sure to have a 1/4 inch drill bit handy if necessary.


== Cost savings==
== Cost savings==
* If your solution is not a low cost one then it is not really appropriate.
 
# Estimate your costs
===Break Down of Costs===
# Find a commercial equivalent
(Assuming $23/kg of PLA)
# Calculate $ savings and % savings
#Bottom Slider (1x):$1.12
#Top Slider (1x):$0.94
#Closing Bracket (1x):$9
#Angle Brackets (2x):$1.06
#Foot Pad (2x):$2.85
#Raised Dial (1x):$0.07
#Flattened dial (5x):$0.46
 
-Total Print cost: $6.60
 
-Hardware cost: >$3.00
 
'''Total cost to Manufacture: >$9.60'''
 
===Comparable Costs===
 
Commercially Available Braces: >$300 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2958265/]
 
Savings: $290 (~ 97% reduction in cost)
 
 
Stanford Design Challenge to create low-cost model created $20 model, but the Stanford model has fewer degrees of freedom/adjustment [http://www.stanforddaily.com/2014/01/28/stanford-designers-treat-clubfoot-abroad/].
 
Rental fee of $18 in Kenya [http://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/perceptions-regarding-medical-management-of-clubfoot-in-kenya-2329-9096-1000309.php?aid=64785]
 
Locally made alternative in Uganda for $10 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2958265/], however, it is not adjustable like this design.


==References==
==References==


* The sources of information (e.g. engineering handbooks, journal articles, government documents, webpages, books, magazine articles etc.). References should use the <nowiki> <ref> </ref> and <references/>  </nowiki>tags and can be in any format but should include all the information necessary for someone else to find the same information you did. For example: <ref> web page: Department of Energy (DOE) Landscaping and Energy Efficiency, DOE/GO-10095 (1995) Available: http://www.eren.doe.gov/erec/factsheets/landscape.html</ref>
 
[https://cure.org/downloads/site/clubfoot/ccw-creating_a_countrywide_program_model.pdf Cure Foundation Document on the State of Clubfoot]
 
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4276378/ Clubfoot in Kenya]
 
Stanford Low Cost Version of Design
[http://www.stanforddaily.com/2014/01/28/stanford-designers-treat-clubfoot-abroad/ Stanford Low Cost Version of Design]


<references/>  
<references/>  
<nowiki>
Based on the developmental needs addressed (e.g. food, heat, electricity, clean water, health  care, etc.) be sure to label your device in the proper categories e.g. use [[Category:Water]]. Be sure to categorize your device so that it will be easy to find – for example “Low voltage connection basics” is categorized in






[[Category:How tos]]
[[Category:How tos]]
[[Category:Electricity]]
[[Category:Health Care]]
[[Category:Electric lighting]].
 
</nowiki>
 
[[category:OSAT 3D-Printable Designs]]
[[category:OSAT 3D-Printable Designs]]

Revision as of 00:34, 14 November 2019

Brace for the treating of infants with club foot

Project developed by [Blsavone]

For updated version see: Open-Source Three-Dimensional Printable Infant Clubfoot Brace Template:Status-design

Abstract

Problem

Clubfoot.jpg

Club foot is a congenital, physical deformity that is characterized by infants being born with a foot turned inward or to the side. It is easily and typically treated in developing countries, but in rural, developing areas where treatment options may be less available, club foot can lead to life-long disability. It has been estimated that prevalence of clubfoot in Africa is approximately 2 in 1000 births [1] and as high as 8 in every 1000 births in East Africa [2].

This project was inspired by conversations with Kenyan orthopedics specialists that occurred in Kisumu, Kenya in 2016.

Solution

Club foot brace

A 3D printable brace that can be used to treat children born with club foot. The brace is able to be adjusted in several different directions, can extend in stance-width, and has an open-toe design to allow for a variety of sizes. The stance widith is measurable in 0.5cm increments, and both angles can be adjusted to the nearest 15 degrees.

As with most braces used for the treating of club foot, infants and small children have their feet locked into the foot pads with straps (improvisable with cloth or velcro), and then sleep with the braces on their feet. Over time, the braces can be slowly adjusted to correct the positioning of the feet.

Bill of Materials

  1. PLA plastic filament
  2. 2 x 1/4-20 1" carriage bolt
  3. 1 x 1/4-20 1.25" carriage bolt
  4. 1 x 1/4-20 0.75" carriage bolt
  5. 2 x 1/4-20 1" hex head bolt
  6. 6 x 1/4-20 hex nut

Tools needed for fabrication of the OSAT

  1. MOST Delta RepRap or similar RepRap 3-D printer

Skills and Knowledge Necessary to Make the OSAT

None

Technical Specifications and Assembly Instructions

FreeCad Files

File:Angle Bracket.FCStd File:Bottom Slider.FCStd File:Bottom Slider.FCStd File:Foot Pad.FCStd File:Knob flattened.FCStd File:Knob Raised.FCStd File:Top Slider.FCStd

Printable Stl files

STL Files available at Youmagine

Print Instructions

For all printed components

Material: PLA

Layer Height: 0.2mm

Shell Thickness: 1mm

Fill Density: 80%

Print Speed: 40 mm/s

Printing Temperature: 185 C

No supports necessary.

Total Printing Time: 13+ hours

Assembly time: >5min

Assembly Instructions

Using the .stl files above print out the following

Printed Components
  1. 1 x bottom slider
  2. 1 x top slider
  3. 1 x closing bracket
  4. 2 x angle bracket
  5. 2 x foot pads
  6. 5 x flattened knob
  7. 1 x raised knob

Common Problems and Solutions

  1. Be sure to place the nuts into the printed dials as soon as the dials are printed. The plastic is still soft as it cools, and due to its tight fit, it is difficult to place the plastic once it has cooled.
  2. Some of the holes may be a tight fit. Be sure to have a 1/4 inch drill bit handy if necessary.

Cost savings

Break Down of Costs

(Assuming $23/kg of PLA)

  1. Bottom Slider (1x):$1.12
  2. Top Slider (1x):$0.94
  3. Closing Bracket (1x):$9
  4. Angle Brackets (2x):$1.06
  5. Foot Pad (2x):$2.85
  6. Raised Dial (1x):$0.07
  7. Flattened dial (5x):$0.46

-Total Print cost: $6.60

-Hardware cost: >$3.00

Total cost to Manufacture: >$9.60

Comparable Costs

Commercially Available Braces: >$300 [3]

Savings: $290 (~ 97% reduction in cost)


Stanford Design Challenge to create low-cost model created $20 model, but the Stanford model has fewer degrees of freedom/adjustment [4].

Rental fee of $18 in Kenya [5]

Locally made alternative in Uganda for $10 [6], however, it is not adjustable like this design.

References

Cure Foundation Document on the State of Clubfoot

Clubfoot in Kenya

Stanford Low Cost Version of Design Stanford Low Cost Version of Design


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