FA info icon.svg Angle down icon.svg Device data
Manufacturing files https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3265022
Hardware license CERN-OHL-S
Certifications Start OSHWA certification

Blind Person's Assistant

Project developed by Aliaksei Petsiuk

Template:Statusboxtop Template:Status-design Template:Status-prototype You can help Appropedia by contributing to the next step in this OSAT's status. Template:Boxbottom

Abstract

The given project is a part of Open Source Appropriate Technologies assignment, and it is designed to support visually-impaired people.

As per World Health Organization, there are about 300 million visually-impaired people in the world, 40 millions of them are totally blind. Scientists and engineers are working on systems which would be able to improve the quality of lives of people with the lost vision. A number of modern projects and achievements in this field has been listed in the Reference section.

The Blind Person's Assistant is based on ultrasound measurements. The sensor in bracelet measures distance in front of it in the range up to 12 feet (4 meters). In case of an obstacle in the range of 0.5 meters or closer, the buzzer creates a high sound and the low-power laser creates a light beam.


Bill of Materials

The full list of materials used for the project is provided in the table below.

Component Bracelet Case Cover Arduino Nano Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 Buzzer Laser Transmitter Button 3V Battery M3x20 Screws M3x6 Screws Wires
Image Blnd asst bracelet apetsiuk.jpg Blnd asst case apetsiuk.jpg Blnd asst cover apetsiuk.jpg Blnd asst arduino2.jpg Blnd asst usound sensor.jpg Blnd asst buzzer.jpg Blnd asst laser.jpg Blnd asst button.jpg Blnd asst battery.jpg Blnd asst m3x20 screw.jpg Blnd asst m3x6 screw.jpg Blnd asst wires.jpg
Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 10
Cost/item $ 0.34 $ 0.26 $ 0.20 $ 3.80 $ 1.83 $ 1.50 $ 0.99 $ 0.07 $ 0.50 $ 0.02 $ 0.02 $ 0.01

Total cost is $ 10.65.

Code for Arduino Board

#define echo 8
#define trig 7
#define laser 4

long duration, distance;

const int buttonPin = 2;     // the number of the pushbutton pin
int buttonState = 0;         // variable for reading the pushbutton status


void setup() {
 
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(echo,INPUT);
  pinMode(trig,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(buzz,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(laser,OUTPUT);

  // initialize the LED pin as an output:
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
  // initialize the pushbutton pin as an input:
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
}


void loop() {

  digitalWrite(trig,LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(trig,HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(trig,LOW);
  digitalWrite(laser,LOW);

  // read the state of the pushbutton value:
  buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);

  // check if the pushbutton is pressed. If it is, the buttonState is HIGH:
  if (buttonState == HIGH) {
    // turn LED on:
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(laser,HIGH);
  } else {
    // turn LED off:
    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite(laser,LOW);
  }

  duration=pulseIn(echo,HIGH);
  distance=(duration/(2*29));

  if(distance>=500 || distance<=0){
    Serial.println("____");
  } else {
    Serial.print(distance);
    Serial.println("cm.");
    digitalWrite(buzz,LOW);
  }
  if(distance<=45 && distance>=1){
    // distance in which the bracelet makes sound, you can edit according to your need
    digitalWrite(buzz,HIGH);
    digitalWrite(laser,HIGH);
    Serial.println("Alarm!!!");
  }

  delay(400);
}

Tools needed for fabrication of the OSAT

  1. MOST Delta RepRap or similar RepRap 3-D printer
  2. Plastic Filament
  3. Soldering Iron
  4. Solder
  5. Screwdriver
  6. Hexagon Key
  7. Breadboard
  8. Paper Knife
  9. Tweezers
  10. Wires Stripper

Skills and Knowledge Necessary to Make the OSAT

All skills you need are at the basic level:

  • 3D printing
  • 3D Design
  • Electronics
  • Programming

Technical Specifications and Assembly Instructions

  1. First step is to 3D print all the necessary components (estimated printing time: 2.5 hours).
  2. Second step is to put all the electronic components together in the way they illustrated on Figure below (Assembling instruction on he left side).
  3. Third step - solder all the electronics according to the schematic provided on Figure below (Electrical schematic on the right side, estimated soldering time: 3 hours).
  4. Place soldered electronic components into the case as it shown on Figure below (left).
  5. Connect arduino board to a computer. Run the installed Arduino IDE with the code provided above.
  6. Upload the code to arduino and make sure it works properly.
  7. Now we can assemble the cover and screw it to the case.
  8. Finish assembling by attaching the bracelet to the case.

Fig 1: Assembling instruction Fig 2: Electrical schematic


Common Problems and Solutions

  • Solder all the wires with the components being in the place of the approximate final position. It may be complicated to bend soldered wires.
  • Test your arduino wired and soldered with all the electronic components before assembling and screwing the cover or bracelet. It will be much easier to arrange all soldered wires or to debugging the arduino in case of any failure.

Cost savings

Currently there is no commercial options available on the market. The closest available alternatives are:

The prices for car ultrasonic radar systems varies from 17 to 25 dollars, so the cost savings could be from 62% to 235%.

Benefited Internet Communities

References

[1] [2] [3]

  1. Wafa Elmannai and Khaled Elleithy. Sensor-Based Assistive Devices for Visually-Impaired People: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Directions. US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Sensors (Basel). 2017 March 2017. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5375851/
  2. Antonio Pereira, et al. Blind Guide: An Ultrasound Sensor-based Body Area Network for Guiding Blind People. Procedia Computer Science, v. 67, 2015, pp. 403-408. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050915031312
  3. Rohit Agarwal, et al. Low cost ultrasonic smart glasses for blind. 2017 8th IEEE Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON). Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8117194
Cookies help us deliver our services. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies.