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| | #REDIRECT [[Arcata Marsh overview]] |
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| [[Image:ArcatamarshCreativeCommons.jpg|thumb|left|Aerial view of the marsh.]] | |
| == Introduction==
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| The Arcata Marsh is the wastewater treatment plant, and a tourist destination, for the city of Arcata, [[:Category:Humboldt County|Humboldt County]], California.
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| Much of the written information is taken from the [http://ceres.ca.gov California Environmental Resources Evaluation System] and needs to be updated and formatted better - please feel free to edit by clicking the '''edit''' tab above.
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| =Wastewater Treatment=
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| ==Primary Treatment==
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| ==Tertiary Treatment==
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| ==Effluent==
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| =History=
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| ==History of the Land==
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| =Arcata's Wastewater Plant=
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| ==Overview==
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| ===Map===
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| The following map is interactive, you can move around and zoom by clicking on the map and buttons. You can add pointer information by clicking edit and adding a location (see [[Help:Maps]] for help on editing the map).<br />[[Image:ArcataMarshMap.jpg|thumb|right|The Arcata Marsh as provided by USGS data.]]
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| <googlemap lat="40.853959" lon="-124.090319" zoom="16" width="450" height="450" overview="yes">
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| 40.85602, -124.090249, Primary anerobic digestor
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| 40.855679, -124.089793, Sludge drying beds
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| 40.855878, -124.090598, Archimedes screw pumps - Raw sewage enters the treatment plant at this point.
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| 40.855768, -124.090624, Headworks - Primary filtration
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| 40.85548, -124.090415, Clarification
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| 40.851581, -124.08519, Arcata Salt Marsh - In 1981, these marshes were re-opened to tidal action. These marshes are characteristic of the salt water habitat around Humboldt Bay.
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| 40.852879, -124.091424, Wastewater Aquaculture Project - Fish hatchery and ponds where salmon, trout, and other fish are raised in and return to a mixture of wastewater and sea water.
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| 40.850891, -124.089117, Oxidation Ponds - These 49 acres of ponds, built in the late 1950's, treat Arcata's wastewater with time, water, plants, bacteria, and fungi to secondary standards.
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| 40.853179, -124.089503, Treatment Marshes - These three, two-acre marshes were completed between 1987-1990
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| 40.855127, -124.09519, Franklin Klopp Lake - This brackish lake is now popular for shorebird observation and sports fishing. Originally it was a leachate (drainage) basin for the landfill.
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| 40.858568, -124.093323, George Allen Marsh - Completed in 1981, this marsh was built on an abandoned log deck.
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| 40.860077, -124.095318, Robert Gearheart Marsh - Completed in 1981, this marsh was pasture land.
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| 40.858113, -124.090544, Arcata Marsh Interpretive Center - 600 S G St Arcata, CA 95521 - (707) 826-2359
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| 40.858941, -124.089847, Parking
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| 40.85589, -124.098258, Parking and Boat Ramp
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| 40.857448, -124.097292, Dan Hauser Marsh - This is the final marsh irrigated with treated wastewater. From here the water is returned to the treatment plant.
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| 40.856279, -124.097872, Final point of wastewater marshes, notice the high concentration of cattail and bulrush.
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| 40.857058, -124.094589, Mount Trashmore - This grassy hill is a sealed sanitary landfill (garbage dump) that operated during the 1960's and 1970's.
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| 40.862381, -124.090834, Butcher's Slough (lower end of Jolly Giant Creek) - This area was restored in 1985-6. The pilings once supported a plywood mill.
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| 40.854904, -124.09056, Discharge to the bay - At low tides, the 24" bay discharge pipe is visible in the inlet west of the chlorination facility.
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| 40.852709, -124.093151, Humboldt Bay - Produces more than half of the oysters grown in California and is home to a variety of other aquatic plants and animals.
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| 40.854908, -124.090351, Chlorinating Facility - Chlorination and dechlorination (with sulfur dioxide) before discharge to public access and again to Humboldt Bay.
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| 40.85395, -124.088184, Marsh Pilot Project - These ten 20' x 200' marshes were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of wetlands for treating wastewater.
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| 40.854466, -124.088554, Composting
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| </googlemap>
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| ==Headworks==
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| ==Clarifier==
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| ==Digesters==
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| ==Compost==
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| ==Oxidation Ponds==
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| The oxidation ponds in the Arcata Wastewater Treatment Marsh span about 55 acres. They are the secondary treatment phase in the treatment marsh system. The ponds are about five feet deep and their slow-moving current makes them excellent for settling out solids.
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| <br />One of the main purposes of the oxidation ponds is to lower the BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) of the wastewater. The ponds are large and open allowing for large amounts of algae growth. This algae produces oxygen, allowing the bacteria in the water to break down the organic matter within the wastewater. The bacteria in upper parts of the oxidation ponds have access to readily available oxygen so the majority of the bacteria there are aerobic bacteria and use the oxygen produced by the algae. Yet near the bottom of the ponds, the oxygen levels taper off and it becomes an anaerobic environment so the bacteria growing on the bottom reflect this. Aerobic bacteria are more efficent at metabolizing BOD than anaerobic bacteria. The algae also removes large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus. Although this method is much less efficient then 'modern' methods of wastewater treatment, the oxidation ponds (along with the rest of the Wastewater Marsh system) allow Arcata to treat its own wastewater. These ponds have other benefits, including as being havens for wild birds such as Canada Geese and other migratory birds.
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| ==References==
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| http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/FUNDAMNT/streem/methods.htm
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| http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/rural-nz/sustainable-resource-use/resource-management/dairy-shed-wastewater/dairyef4.htm\
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| http://ceres.ca.gov/wetlands/projects/arcata_map.html
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| ==Treatment Wetlands==
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| ===Appropriateness===
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| With a population of 17,294<ref>[http://www.dof.ca.gov/HTML/FS_DATA/STAT-ABS/Toc_xls.htm California State Statistical Abstract]</ref>, funding for [[Wastewater treatment]] is limited. A cost restriction made Treatment Wetlands an appealing solution to Arcata's [[Wastewater]] problems. [[Image:Arcata-7120 reduced.jpg|thumb|left|Cattails in Arcata's Treatment Wetlands]] The costs of Treatment Wetlands are largely based on the price and availability of land<ref>Homer, Denise. Interview. 27 Mar. 2008. - Interpretive Naturalist.</ref>. Otherwise, treatment wetlands are a low-cost alternative to activated sludge systems because constructed wetlands utilize natural processes as opposed to buying chemicals (especially oxygen) to treat wastewater<ref>Poppendieck, Dustin. Interview. 28 Mar. 2008.</ref>.
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| Treatment Wetlands are unable to function in freezing climates<ref>Poppendieck, Dustin.Interview. 28 Mar. 2008.</ref>. Also, high levels of rainfall in the area can increase the amount of effluent created by the Wastewater Treatment Plant. This effect is exaggerated by the surface area of the oxidation ponds. An increase in effluent can increase the need for a larger capacity in further treatment during disinfection<ref>
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| Couch, David. Interview. 7 March 2008.
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| </ref>.
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| In order to utilize natural processes, plants were chosen carefully in order to account for large changes in flow rate. The changes in flow rate in Arcata, CA are caused by a seasonal change in population that nearly doubles between August and May (due to Humboldt State University's school sessions) as well as an aging sewer system built in the 1880s which is victim to heavy rainfall that leaks into the sewers. These drastic changes limited the selection of plants availible for use in the Treatment Marsh. There were three groups of plants that were used: Submergent, Emergent, and Floating Plants. Preference was given to native plants; Hardstem Bulrush is an example of a native plant to the Arcata area. The most prominent plants in use are listed in Figure 17.1
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |-
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| |colspan=4|Figure 17.1<center>'''Plants used in the Treatment Wetlands'''</center>
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| |-
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| !
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| ! Common Name
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| ! Latin name
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| ! Picture
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| |-
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| | '''Submergent'''
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| | Sago Pondweed
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| | ''Potamogeton pectinatus''
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| |-
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| |rowspan=3|'''Emergent'''
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| | Hardstem Bullrush
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| (native)
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| | ''scirpus acutus''
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| |-
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| | Water Dropwort
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| | ''Oenanthe''
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| | [[Image:Arcata-7133 Water Dropwort reduced.jpg|thumb|100px|left]]
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| |-
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| | Cattail
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| (native)
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| | ''typha''
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| | [[Image:Arcata-7120 reduced.jpg|thumb|60px|left]]
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| |-
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| |rowspan=2| '''Floating'''
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| | Duckweed
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| | ''Lemna''
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| |-
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| | Hydrocotyle
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| | ''Hydrocotyle''
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| | [[Image:Arcata-7021 Hydrocotyle reduced.jpg|thumb|100px|left]]
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| |}<ref>
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| Shrader, Jesse. 2008.
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| </ref>
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| ==References==
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| <references/>
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| [[Category:Arcata marsh]]
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| ==Enhanced Marsh==
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| ===Appropriateness===
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| ==Chlorination==
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| ==Dechlorination==
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| =Ancillary Benefits=
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| [http://www.appropedia.org/Arcata_Marsh_Saltwater_Marshes Salt Water Marshes]
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| ==Aquaculture==
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| '''What is the Arcata Marsh'''
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| [[Marsh Image:greywater.jpg]]
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| The[http://www.humboldt.edu/~ere_dept/marsh/ Arcata Marsh]is a fusion between [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment waste water treatment and an outdoor [http://www.humboldt.edu/~ere_dept/marsh/rec.html recreational location]
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| Why would you want to hang out at a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment Waste Treatment Plant] The abundance of birds, the view of the bay, or to watch the fish.
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| What is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaculture Aquaculture]
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| [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/aquaculture Aquaculture] is the cultivation of aquatic animals and plants, esp. fish, shellfish, and seaweed, in natural or controlled marine or freshwater environments; underwater agriculture.
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| [[Image:marshimages/RearingPondsCopy.jpg]]
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| The Arcata Marsh Aquaculture project was proposed in 1963 by Dr. George Allen, and started later in 1971 to increase the local salmon runs. [http://www.humboldt.edu/~ere_dept/marsh/aquawq.html#wqponds1&2 1] img src= [[Image:marshimages/birdeatingfishsmall.jpg]]
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| Why put the fish in poop water?
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| At this point you may have read enough to notice that the fish are indeed swimming in our (the city of Arcata) toilette water (not to mention other run off from the streets). This may bother you; however the dirty water has benefits for both the treatment plant and the fish.
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| o Because the water is dirty the waste water treatment plant actually saves on having to feed the fish as much, plus the bacteria and the fish help clean the water.
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| What fish are in the Arcata Marsh
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| o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
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| The Aquaculture program is rearing mostly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_migration anadromous] salmonids including:
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| o [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinook_salmon Chinook Salmon]
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| [[Image:Chinook_salmon]]
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| [[Image:http://wildernessclassroom.com/superior/Chinook_Salmon.gif]] http://wildernessclassroom.com/superior/Chinook_Salmon.gif" width="500" height="333"
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| o [[Image:http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/fish/cohosalmon.htm]] Coho Salmon
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| src="http://wildernessclassroom.com/superior/coho%20salmon.jpg" width="500" height="333"
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| o http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutthroat_trout Cutthroat Trout
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| http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8f/Weber_river_cutt.jpg
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| src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8f/Weber_river_cutt.jpg" width="500" height="333"
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| o http://home.centurytel.net/sha/smithlake/images/rainbow-trout.jpg Rainbow Trout
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| <img src="http://home.centurytel.net/sha/smithlake/images/rainbow-trout.jpg" width="500" height="333"
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| Fish Facts
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| *The fish usually weigh 2.1 lbs, and are on average 22cm long
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| *The survival rates of the rainbow trout averages out to 85%
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| *The ponds are composed of 80 % wastewater to 20 % saltwater because it is the highest levels of waste water that are tolerable without causing any fish mortalities.
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| [http://www.humboldt.edu/~ere_dept/marsh/aquawq.html#wqponds1&2 1]
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| *The trout then go into pond 2, where they are fed roughly 1.5% of their body weight a day
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| *Why isn't every town doing this?
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| ???Knowledge
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| o Not everyone knows about constructed wetlands dual purpose. You can't change you mind if you do not know there are other options.
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| ''Location:'' Not every town can
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| o Wetland experts estimate a minimum of two acres per 1,000 people are required. So it's not feasible for big cities where land is hard to come by and expensive
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| o You also need direct access to a bay nearby
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| $$$ Engineers are partly to blame
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| o Construction cost for constructed wetlands is relatively low. This means engineers get paid less, so they are less likely to suggest it.
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| o They also tend to avoid natural systems because they have less control over them.
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| [[Marshimages:arcata-danger.jpg]]
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| It may be O.K. for the fish but it will take a little longer before people can use it.
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| Awsome Walks
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| [[Image:arcata-marshsideview.jpg]]
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| So now that you know a little about aquaculture, here is something else you may want to know
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| Birds
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| The birds at the Arcata Marsh are awesome. People come from all over to see our Marsh just for the birds!
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| class=images><img src=marshimages/eagretononeleg.jpg
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| Cool Links:
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| Want to learn about a Salmons Life cycle?[http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00548/species--life%20cycle.html Salmon Life Cycle]
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| [[Image:http://www.humboldt.edu/~ere_dept/marsh/ Arcata Marsh Website]]
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| class=images><img src=marshimages/pinkreeds.jpg width="450" height="250"
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| Sources:
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| 1. The predominant source of my information came from the [http://www.humboldt.edu/~ere_dept/marsh/aquaculture.html Arcata Marsh and Wildlife Sanctuary Webpage]
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| 2. Marsh Photos Courtesy of Dustin Poppendieck
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| 3. Fish photos
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| ==Birds==
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| ==Other Animals==
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| The Arcata Wastewater treatment marshes create habitat for many animals. The goal of this webpage is to familiarize people with the wildlife that may live in the Arcata Marsh area.
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| Many animals live in the marsh area.<br/>
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| This section will show some Amphibians, Reptiles, and Mammals, that live in the marsh area.<br/>
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| '''Amphibians'''<br/>
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| [[Image:toad_hero.jpg]]<br />
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| American Toad<br />
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| ''Bufo americanus''<br />
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| Location:<br />
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| The American Toad, ''Bufo Americanus'', is native to the Nearctic region. They inhabit large portions of North America. The American Toad needs a semi permanent source of water to use in the breeding season. These toads have an ability to adapt to their environment. This has allowed them to colonize suburban and agricultural areas. And the arcata marsh area. <br />
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| Habitat<br />
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| American toad require a semi-permanent freshwater pond for early development. They can be found in temperatem, terrestrial, and freshwater habitat. They prefer areas with dense patches of vegetation and feed on insects. American toads can be found in many different places from forests to backyards and even in a marsh. They are commonly found in gardens and fields. During the day the American toad will seek shade. When to cold weather comes around the American toad digs backwards into the ground to hibernate.<br />
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| Physical Description<br />
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| American toads are characterized by warty skin, stout bodies and short legs. The American toad has many glands in its skin that can produce a poisonous fluid, it provides protection from predators. This poison may be harmful if it is swallowed or gets in a persons eyes, but it can make other animals very sick.
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| American toad are usually a shade of brown, somtimes with red and light patches , of olive or gray. The skin color may change depending on temperature , humidity, and stress. Color changes range from yellow to brown to black.
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| Females are slightly larger than male American toad. The size of a typical American Toad ranges from 50 to 100 mm.<br />
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| Reproduction:<br />
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| Bredding occurs during March and April, sometimes it may extend until July. American Toad larvae hatch from eggs to become tadpoles. Larvae have produce chemicals in their skin for protection. A metamorphosed toadlet are usually 0.8 to 1.3 cm in length and have similiar coloration to adult American toad.<br />
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| Behavior<br />
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| American toad are generally nocturnal. They are more active in warm humid weather. American Toad are solitary, congregating for breeding. The average American toad lives 1 to 2 years; though it has been documented that an American toad lived to 36 years old.<br />
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| Food Habits<br />
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| Adult American toad are carnivores, but American toad tadpoles are herbivores. Tadpoles graze on aquatic vegetation (algae).
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| Adult American toad eat a variety of insects and other invertebrates, including snails, beetles, slugs, and earthworms. An American toad can eat up to 1,000 insects per day. Interestingly, American toad do not drink water, rather they absorb moisture through their skin.
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| Predators<br />
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| The main predators of the American toad are snakes. Garter snakes are immune to American toad poison. In a situation like this an American toad may urinate to become less attractive and fill up with air to become hard to swallow.<br />
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|
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| [[Image:newt.jpg]]<br />
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| California Newt <br />
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| ''Taricha torosa''<br />
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| Location:<br />
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| The California Newt, ''Taricha torosa'', along with four other variety of newt familty (Salamandridae)which inhabit California. It is generally located on the Coastal Range of California from Mexico to Humboldt County.<br />
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| Habitat<br />
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| The northern population of California Newt prefers mesic forests whereas the southern population of newts prefer a drier climate <br />
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| Physical Description
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| An adult California Newt is typically 12.5-20 cm in length. Males are slightly larger than females.<br />
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| Reproduction<br />
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| The mating season for the California Newt is from December to early May. The female California Newt will lay egss in ponds, lakes and slow moving strams in water typically not deeper than 15 cm. The incubation period is usually 14-21 days. Incubation may last longer depending on weather condidtions.<br />
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| Behavior<br />
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| The California Newt has a unique way of defending itself. The California Newt will show is bright underbelly and if attacked it excretes a neurotoxin through its skin which can cause paralysis to the attacker. It may make a clicking or yelping sound when it is disturbed. Amazingly the excretions on the California Newts skin allows them to walk through low smoldering flames.
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| Food Habits<br />
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| The California Newt uses its tongue to capture its prey; its tongue has an adhesive texture. An adult California Newt's diet contains earthworms, snails, slugs and sowbugs. Occasionally adult newts cannabalize and eat their own eggs and/or larvae.
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| [[Image:RedLeggedFrog.jpg]]<br />
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| California Red Legged Frog <br />
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| ''Rana aurora draytonii''<br />
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| Location:<br />
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| Red Legged Frog inhabit California. Two subspecies occupy different ranges of the state.<br />
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| Habitat<br />
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| Adult frogs require emergent riparian vegetation near still or slow moving ponds, intermittent streams. The well vegetated areas provide protection; Red Legged Frog can escape from predators. Red Legged Frog cannot be exposed to water in excess of 29 degrees centigrade.<br />
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| Physical Description:<br />
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| Red Legged Frog are reddish brown to gray and have poorly defined dark specks and blothes. Red Legged Frog grow to about 2 to 5.25 inches in length. Northern Red Legged Frog do not have vocal sacs.<br />
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| Reproduction:<br />
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| Breeding season is from late November to early April. A female will a lay about 2000 to 5000 eggs into a permanent body of water that contains vegetation; cattails, tules, or bulrushes. It takes about 6 to 14 days for an egg to hatch into tadpoles that can grow to 3 inches long in 4 to 7 months. Males can begin reproducing at about 3 years and females about 4 years. Northern Red legged frogs live about 12 to 15 years.<br />
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| Behavior:<br />
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| Red legged frog are a solitary species. Breeding takes a few days. Juvenile Red legged Frog are more active than adult Red legged frog and are often eaten by birds.<br />
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| Food Habits<br />
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| Red legged frog have a diverse diet. Adults deed on invertebrates, small mammals, and other amphibians. Larvae feed on aquatic vegetation (algage).<br />
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| [[Image:PacificTreeFrog.jpg]]<br />
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| Pacific Tree Frog <br />
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| ''Hyla regilla''<br />
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| Location:<br />
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| Pacific Tree frog are found in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. extending from California to British Columbia. And from the Pacific Coast east to Montana and Nevada.<br />
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| Habitat:<br />
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| Contrary to their title, Pacific Tree Frog usually live on the ground. They can be found near moist places like springs, ponds, streams, or other wetlands. They live in damp areas like recesses in rocks, logs, and in dense vegetation.<br />
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| Physical Description:<br />
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| Adult Pacific tree frog grow to about 1 to 1 7/8 inches long. Females are slightly larger than males. They have sticky disks on their toes; they are used for climbing. Coloration varies between individuals and may range from lime green to brown on a particular frog. A Pacific tree frog can change shades depending on moisture and temperature.<br />
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| Reproduction:<br />
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| Pacific tree frog are mature for reproduction in about 1 year. Breeding season is from January to the middle of May. Males may attract a females a mile or even farther away, with a two toned mating call. Females lay an egg mass of about 10 - 70 egss. It is laid in a pond (temporary) attached to vegetation. In 3 to 4 weeks tadpoles hatch from the eggs.<br />
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| Behavior: <br />
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| Pacific tree frog are solitary animals, though during breeding season they might congregate. They are nocturnal and territorial. At night Males ward off other Males with a two toned mating call. It is considerably loud for the size of the animal. Pacific tree frog can change color with depending on the temperature and humidity.<br />
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| Food Habits:<br />
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| Pacific tree frog tadpoles eat acquatic vegetation (algae). When they transform into adults their diet changes. Adult Pacific tree frod eat insects: tiny gnats, flies, and mosquitos. They stick their tongue out and catch prey.<br />
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| [[Image:roughskinnednewt.jpg]]<br />
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| Rough Skinned Newt <br />
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| ''Taricha granulosa''<br />
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| Location:
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| Rough Skinned Newt are found along the Pacific coast of North America. Ranging from Santa Cruz County, California to southeastern Alaska north to Juneau. In northern California Rough Skinned Newt are found as far east as Shasta County.<br />
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| Habitat:<br />
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| Rough Skinned Newt inhabit aquatic and terrestial environments. They spend most of their time on land. They return to water to breed. During dry weather a Rough Skinned Newt may live solely in an acquatic environment. It is possible for a Rough Skinned Newt to live its entire life in an acquatice environment. Rough Skinned Newt sprefer water with little to no current. like ponds, lakes, slow moving streams, and sometimes small ephemeral wet areas such as ditches.<br />
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| Physical Description: <br />
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| Larvae are aquatic amd grow to about 18 mm in length.
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| Adult Rough Skinned Newt grow to about 12. 7 to 21.6 cm in length. Their skin is dark, rough and grainy. Males are larger than females. During breeding season males become aquatic. Their skin changes to become smooth, spongy, and lighter coloration.<br />
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| Reproduction:<br />
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| Breeding takes place underwater. This process may last for several hours to two days.<br />
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| Behavior:<br />
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| Adult Rough Skinned Newt live in terrestial habitats and at other times may live in aquatic habitats. They are known to migrate to and from mating sites. Rough Skinned Newt produce a powerful toxin, tetrodoxin, fron glans located in the skin.<br />
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| Food Habits:<br />
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| Adult Rough Skinned Newt are canivores, insects make up a large portion of their diet. They may eat snails, insects, or other amphibians.
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| Larvae eat small aquatic invertebrates.<br />
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|
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| <gallery>
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| Image:toad_hero.jpg|American Toad <br />''Bufo americanus''
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| Image:newt.jpg|California Newt <br />''Taricha torosa''
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| Image:RedLeggedFrog.jpg|California Red Legged Frog <br />''Rana aurora draytonii''
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| Image:PacificTreeFrog.jpg|Pacific Tree Frog <br />''Hyla regilla''
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| Image:roughskinnednewt.jpg|Rough Skinned Newt <br />''Taricha granulosa''
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| Image:westernpondturtle.jpg|Western Pond Turtle <br />''Clemmys marmorata''
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| </gallery>
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| <br />
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| '''Reptiles'''
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| <br />
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| <gallery>
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| Image:Thamnophis_sirtalis_parietalis.jpg|Common Garter Snake <br />''Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis''
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| </gallery>
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| <br/>
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| '''Mammals'''
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| <br />
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| <gallery>
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| Image:blackrat.jpg|Black Rat <br />''Rattus rattus''
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| Image:blacktaildeer.jpg|Black-tailed Deer <br />''Odocoileus hemionus''
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| Image:bobcat.jpg|Bobcat <br />''Lynx rufus''
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| Image:grayfox.jpg|Gray Fox <br />''Urocyon cinereoargenteus''
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| Image:HouseMouse.jpg|House Mouse <br />''Mus musculus''
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| Image:Mole.jpg|Mole <br />''Scapanus latimanus''
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| Image:animal.jpg|North American Porcupine <br />''Erethizon dorsatum''
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| Image:riverotter.jpg|Northern River Otter <br />''Lontra canadensis''
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| Image:vole.jpg|Vole <br />''Microtus californicus''
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| Image:raccoon.jpg|Raccoon <br />''Procyon lotor''
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| Image:skunk.jpg|Striped Skunk <br />''Mephitis mephitis''
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| </gallery>
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| ]
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| Many different kinds of animals benefit from the habitat provided by the marshes.
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| <br/>
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| '''Links'''
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| <br/>
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| This is a list of interesting links.
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| Arcata Marsh & Wildlife Sanctuary [http://humboldt.edu/~iel2/wildlife]
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| Birds of the Arcata Marsh [http://www.humboldt.edu/~ere_dept/marsh/birds.html]
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| Friends of the Arcata Marsh (F.O.A.M.) [http://www.humboldt.edu/~ere_dept/marsh/FOAM.html]
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| Arcata Marsh & Wildlife Center - City of Arcata [http://www.cityofarcata.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20&Itemid=47]
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|
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| '''Sources'''
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| Arcata Marsh Interpretive Center
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| Animal Diversity Web - University of Michigan
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| http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/
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| [http://www.koi.tv/ KOI TV]
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| ==Trails==
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| =Current Operations=
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| ==Operators==
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| ==Current Performance==
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| ==Research Projects==
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| ==New Work==
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| ==Points of Interest==
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| The following points of interest are ordered to follow the flow of wastewater through Arcata's integrated wetland wastewater treatment plant.
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| 1. Primary Treatment Plant (the "headworks"): Raw sewage enters the treatment plant at this point. It treats up to 5 Million Gallons a Day (MGD). An additional 14 MGD can bypass primary treatment and flow directly to the oxidation ponds during storms.
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| 2. Oxidation Ponds: These 49 acres of ponds, built in the late 1950's, treat Arcata's wastewater to secondary standards. Time, water, plants, bacteria, and fungi purify the wastewater to secondary standards.
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| Arcata's wastewater circulates through a six-marsh system before it is released into the Bay. The natural processes occurring in the marshes simultaneously purify the wastewater by removing excess nutrients, and "feed" the marsh plants with water high in nitrogen-rich organic matter. Nutrients are taken up by the plants and thus removed from the wastewater. The roots and stems of the plants also clean the water by forming a dense netlike filter that removes large quantities of suspended solid materials. Algae, fungi, bacteria, and micro-organisms attached to the roots of these plants feed on these solids. All treatment marshes were planted with Humboldt Bay native Hardstem Bulrush (scirpus acutus) as well as a variety of other aquatic plants. This nutrient-rich habitat attracts thousands of birds, over 200 species, to the sanctuary. These ponds are:
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| 3. Treatment Marshes: These three, two-acre marshes were completed between 1987-1990.
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| 4. George Allen Marsh: Completed in 1981, this marsh was built on an abandoned log deck.
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| 5. Robert Gearheart Marsh: Completed in 1981, this marsh was pasture land.
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| 6. Dan Hauser Marsh: This is the final marsh irrigated with treated wastewater. From here the water is returned to the treatment plant.
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| ==Links==
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| *[http://www.humboldt.edu/~ere_dept/marsh/ Arcata Marsh and Wildlife Sanctuary]
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| *[http://ceres.ca.gov/wetlands/projects/arcata_map.html California Environmental Resources Evaluation System]
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| *[http://www.ecotippingpoints.org/wetlandsusa.asp History of the Marsh from Eco Tipping Points]
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| [[Category:Projects]]
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| [[Category:Constructed wetlands]]
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| [[Category:Greywater]]
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| [[Category:Humboldt County, California]]
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