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==Introduction==
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See [[wikipedia:adobe]] for more.
{{Notice
| title = Important
| text = Do not build whole houses with adobe-bricks - they do not withstand earthquakes. see also: https://www.appropedia.org/Earthquake_proofing_for_buildings
}}


{{Template:Putincategory}}
[[File:Bricks.jpg|thumb|Adobe brick drying]]


==Components==
'''Adobe''' or '''Loam''' is a type of [[:Category:Earthen construction|earthen construction]] composed, like [[:Category:Cobb|cobb]], of sand, clay, fiber (usually straw) and often other organic ingredients. The adobe mixture is shaped into bricks using adoberas (wooden frames) and then dried in the sun. Adobe structures are extremely durable, with many very old structures still in use (e.g. kasbahs in morocco<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasbah</ref>). They also regulate temperature due to their high [[:Category:Heat#Thermal mass|thermal mass]], which is very useful in climates with high diurnal temperature swings.


==General Process==
Adobe (or Loam) contains:


==Thermal Mass==
* Clay - under 0.002 µm
* Silt - 0.002 µm to 0.06 µm
* Sand - 2 µm
* Gravel - 100 µm


==Embedded Energy==
=== Improvements ===


==Links==
It is common to add straw or other fiber-like materials to improve the strengthness of the Adobe.
*[http://www.networkearth.org/naturalbuilding/natbild.html networkearth] - This site is loaded with the history, politics and techniques of many types of natural building.
 
*[http://www.kleiwerks.org/ kleiwerks] - Awesome natural-building teaching organization.
==== List of components that were already used ====
*[http://www.cahe.nmsu.edu/pubs/_g/G-521.pdf ABCs of making Adobe Bricks] - Brief and could use some revision, but a good model of concise presentation.
 
*[http://www.world-housing.net/Tutorials/AdobeTutorial/Adobe_Tutorial.pdf Earthquake resistant construction of Adobe Buildings: A Tutorial] funded by the [http://www.eeri.org/ Earthquake Engineering Research Institute] and hosted by the amazing [http://www.world-housing.net world-housing] database.
Clay, Lime (around 5% maximum), Gipsum (around 5% maximum - use it only inside and in places without a lot of humidity), Faecal matter, Casein, Whey, Soap, Starch, Oils (such as Linseed oil. Apply it on dried adobe, not mix it in), Reisins, Waxes, Ash, Soda, Salt, Pigments, Sand, Gravel, Straw, Hemp, Hairs, Pinneadles, Coconut-fibers, Woodchips, Paper, Reed.
*[http://www.pequals.com/at/wetadobe/can_adobe_hold_water.htm Pequals.com Adobe Box] Two girls, two adoberas (adobe forms), one big, adobe box. Renée and Kendra construct an adobe box in an '''attempt''' to hold water as an alternative to the plastic linings for ponds and gray water marshes.
 
Hay is usualy not used because it tends to increase the chances of mold.
 
==== Things worth to mention ====
 
* All organic materials have to be mixed in in dry stage
* Every Earth is different - always make tests to see what works best
 
== Adobe Bricks (How To Make Them) ==
 
{{Excerpt|Adobe Bricks (How To Make Them)}}
 
== Other Building Methods ==
 
* [[Earthbag building|Superadobe/Earthbag]]
 
== Dangers ==
 
'''Earthquakes''' are a big thread to adobe constructions. In 2003, a earthquake [[Https:2003 Bam earthquake|destroyed huge parts of the city of bam in iran]], which was build mainly with adobe. According to wikipedia at least 34'000 people died and more than 200'000 were injured. therefore it is not recommended to build houses only with bricks. there are multiple ways to improve the structure and strengthness (such as [https://www.world-housing.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Adobe-Geomesh-Arid_Tutorial_English_Blondet.pdf geomesh]) but the best way is to used a solid structure such as wood-frames and discuss it with professional bricklayers, carpenters or architects.
 
Another danger is '''[[Https:Radon|Radon]]''' which naturaly occurs in the earth. if the used adobe contains radon, it continuously evaporates and residents can get sicker and sicker. It is recommended to do a radon-test of the adobe, before start.[https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:41030786]
 
== Related projects ==
 
{{Gallery
| instance-of = Adobe
}}
 
== External links ==
 
* [[Wikipedia:Adobe]]
* [[Wikipedia:Loam]]
* [[wikiHow:Build an Adobe Wall]]
* [http://www.networkearth.org/naturalbuilding/natbild.html networkearth] - This site is loaded with the history, politics and techniques of many types of [[natural building]].
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20080808140400/http://www.cahe.nmsu.edu/pubs/_g/G-521.pdf ABCs of making Adobe Bricks] - Brief and could use some revision, but a good model of concise presentation.
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20061006231223/http://www.world-housing.net/Tutorials/AdobeTutorial/Adobe_Tutorial.pdf Earthquake resistant construction of Adobe Buildings: A Tutorial] funded by the [http://www.eeri.org/ Earthquake Engineering Research Institute] and hosted by the amazing [http://www.world-housing.net world-housing] database.
* [http://www.pequals.com/at/wetadobe/can_adobe_hold_water.htm Pequals.com Adobe Box] Two girls, two adoberas (adobe forms), one big, adobe box. Renée and Kendra construct an adobe box in an '''attempt''' to hold water as an alternative to the plastic linings for ponds and gray water marshes.
* [http://www.kleiwerks.org/ kleiwerks] - Awesome natural-building teaching organization.
 
== References ==
 
<references />
 
{{Page data
| sdg = SDG11 Sustainable cities and communities
}}


[[Category:Earthen construction]]
[[Category:Earthen construction]]
[[Category:Materials processing]]

Latest revision as of 13:30, 12 July 2023

Adobe brick drying

Adobe or Loam is a type of earthen construction composed, like cobb, of sand, clay, fiber (usually straw) and often other organic ingredients. The adobe mixture is shaped into bricks using adoberas (wooden frames) and then dried in the sun. Adobe structures are extremely durable, with many very old structures still in use (e.g. kasbahs in morocco[1]). They also regulate temperature due to their high thermal mass, which is very useful in climates with high diurnal temperature swings.

Adobe (or Loam) contains:

  • Clay - under 0.002 µm
  • Silt - 0.002 µm to 0.06 µm
  • Sand - 2 µm
  • Gravel - 100 µm

Improvements[edit | edit source]

It is common to add straw or other fiber-like materials to improve the strengthness of the Adobe.

List of components that were already used[edit | edit source]

Clay, Lime (around 5% maximum), Gipsum (around 5% maximum - use it only inside and in places without a lot of humidity), Faecal matter, Casein, Whey, Soap, Starch, Oils (such as Linseed oil. Apply it on dried adobe, not mix it in), Reisins, Waxes, Ash, Soda, Salt, Pigments, Sand, Gravel, Straw, Hemp, Hairs, Pinneadles, Coconut-fibers, Woodchips, Paper, Reed.

Hay is usualy not used because it tends to increase the chances of mold.

Things worth to mention[edit | edit source]

  • All organic materials have to be mixed in in dry stage
  • Every Earth is different - always make tests to see what works best

Adobe Bricks (How To Make Them)[edit | edit source]

Octicons puzzle-piece.svg
Adobe bricks sitting on the ground near a house construction in Milyanfan village, Kyrgyzstan.

This page provides detailed instructions for making adobe bricks. It covers the equipment and materials required, as well as step-by-step instructions and frequently asked questions (FAQs). If you're interested in making your own adobe bricks, this page is a great place to start.

Other Building Methods[edit | edit source]

Dangers[edit | edit source]

Earthquakes are a big thread to adobe constructions. In 2003, a earthquake destroyed huge parts of the city of bam in iran, which was build mainly with adobe. According to wikipedia at least 34'000 people died and more than 200'000 were injured. therefore it is not recommended to build houses only with bricks. there are multiple ways to improve the structure and strengthness (such as geomesh) but the best way is to used a solid structure such as wood-frames and discuss it with professional bricklayers, carpenters or architects.

Another danger is Radon which naturaly occurs in the earth. if the used adobe contains radon, it continuously evaporates and residents can get sicker and sicker. It is recommended to do a radon-test of the adobe, before start.[1]

Related projects[edit | edit source]

External links[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

FA info icon.svg Angle down icon.svg Page data
SDG SDG11 Sustainable cities and communities
Authors Niels, Lonny Grafman, ATSysop
License CC-BY-SA-3.0
Language English (en)
Translations Korean, Italian
Related 2 subpages, 38 pages link here
Aliases Mud buildings, Adobe construction
Impact 1,815 page views
Created June 15, 2006 by Lonny Grafman
Modified July 12, 2023 by Felipe Schenone
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