Warp
Bricking: A new slicing method to reduce warping
A. Guerrero-de-Mier, M.M. Espinosa, M. Domínguez, "Bricking: A new slicing method to reduce warping" Procedia Engineering, 132 126-131, 2015
Abstract:
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is the most used 3D printing technology. In this technology, 3D pieces are built warming and extruding thermoplastic through a nozzle. When the thermoplastic gets cold, internal stresses may generate deformations, mainly in corners. In this paper we describe a method for reduce these deformations (called warping), splitting pieces in hexagonal or squared bricks spatially locked. We have developed and tested an application that calculates the necessary GCODE to build the bricking piece directly, and we have measured a significant reduction in warp deformations.
A model research for prototype warp deformation in the FDM process
Tian-Ming Wang, Jun-Tong Xi, Ye Jin, "A model research for prototype warp deformation in the FDM process" The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 33(11-12) 1087-1096, 2007
Abstract:
In rapid prototyping (RP) technology, proto- types are constructed by the sequential deposition of material layers. When the deposition process involves temperature gradients, thermal stresses will develop. In this paper, the prototype deformation in fused deposition modeling (FDM) processes is studied, and the essence of the deformation and the interacting principles are analyzed. According to basic hypotheses and simplifications, the mathematical model of the prototype warp deformation is constructed, and each of the influencing factors concretely, including the deposition layers number n, the stacking section length L, the chamber temperature T e , and the material linear shrinkage rate α, is quantificationally analyzed. Based on the analysis results, some issues and phenomena in the FDM process are rationally explained. Furthermore, the improving methods for the reduction of the prototype warp deformation are proposed, and the applying effect is better.
An investigation on distortion of PLA thin-plate part in the FDM process
Liu Xinhua & Li Shengpeng & Liu Zhou & Zheng Xianhua & Chen Xiaohu & Wang Zhongbin, "An investigation on distortion of PLA thin-plate part in the FDM process" Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 79:1117-1126, 2015
Abstract: In order to reveal the distortion mechanism of PLA thin-plate part in the FDM process, a theoretical model based on the theory of elastic thin plates in thermoelasticity was established, and an experimental research approach based on Taguchi method was presented. A special specimen was de- signed, and the flowchart of experimental procedure was elab- orated. Moreover, 81 test specimens were prepared through FDM process and measured by a portable 3D laser scanner. Two statistical analysis methods, signal to noise ratio (S/N) and analysis of variance (ANOVA), were applied to optimize the process parameters in order to reduce the distortion of thin- plate part. The experimental results indicated that the optimal process parameters can be obtained and proposed theoretical model was proved efficient.