Nutrition or nutrition science studies the relationship between diet and states of health and disease. The scope of nutrition science ranges from malnutrition to optimal health. Many common symptoms and diseases can often be prevented or alleviated with better nutrition.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to nutrition:
Essence of nutrition[edit | edit source]
Food pyramid (Hill[1], 2008).
- Main article: Nutrition
Branches of nutrition[edit | edit source]
History of nutrition[edit | edit source]
- Main article: History of nutrition
Nutrients[edit | edit source]
Macronutrients[edit | edit source]
Water[edit | edit source]
Protein[edit | edit source]
Amino Acids[edit | edit source]
- Standard amino acids
- Alanine
- Arginine
- Aspartic acid (aspartate)
- Asparagine
- Cystine
- Glutamic acid (glutamate)
- Glutamine
- Glycine
- Histidine
- Isoleucine (branched chain amino acid)
- Leucine (branched chain amino acid)
- Lysine
- Methionine
- Phenylalanine
- Proline
- Serine
- Threonine
- Tryptophan
- Tyrosine
- Valine (branched chain amino acid)
- Other amino acids
Fat[edit | edit source]
Saturated fats[edit | edit source]
Monounsaturated fats[edit | edit source]
Polyunsaturated fats[edit | edit source]
- Linoleic acid
- Linolenic acid
- Stearidon
- Eicosatrienoic
- Arachidon
- Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) - an essential fatty acid
- DPA
- DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) - an essential fatty acid
Essential fatty acids[edit | edit source]
Other Fats[edit | edit source]
Fat substitutes[edit | edit source]
Carbohydrates[edit | edit source]
Dietary fiber[edit | edit source]
Starch[edit | edit source]
Sugars[edit | edit source]
Sugar substitutes[edit | edit source]
- Artificial sugar substitutes
- Acesulfame-K –
- Acesulfame potassium – 200x sweetness (by weight), Nutrinova, E950, FDA Approved 2003
- Alitame – 2,000x sweetness (by weight), Pfizer, Pending FDA Approval
- Aspartame – 160-200x sweetness (by weight), NutraSweet, E951, FDA Approved 1981
- Cyclamate – 30x sweetness (by weight), Abbott, E952, FDA Banned 1969, pending re-approval
- Dulcin – 250x sweetness (by weight), FDA Banned 1950
- Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone – 1,500x sweetness (by weight), E959
- Neotame – 8,000x sweetness (by weight), NutraSweet, FDA Approved 2002
- P-4000 – 4,000x sweetness (by weight), FDA Banned 1950
- Saccharin – 300x sweetness (by weight), E954, FDA Approved 1958
- Sucralose – 600x sweetness (by weight), Tate & Lyle, FDA Approved 1998
- Natural sugar substitutes
- Brazzein – Protein, 2,000x sweetness of sucrose (by weight), Exxx
- Curculin – Protein, 550x sweetness (by weight), Exxx
- Erythritol – 0.7x sweetness (by weight), 14x sweetness of sucrose (by food energy), 0.05x energy density of sucrose
- Fructose –
- Glycyrrhizin – 50x sweetness (by weight)
- Glycerol – 0.6x sweetness (by weight), 0.55x sweetness (by food energy), 1.075x energy density, E422
- Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates – 0.4x–0.9x sweetness (by weight), 0.5x–1.2x sweetness (by food energy), 0.75x energy density
- Isomalt – 0.45x–0.65x sweetness (by weight), 0.9x–1.3x sweetness (by food energy), 0.5x energy density, E953
- Lactitol – 0.4x sweetness (by weight), 0.8x sweetness (by food energy), 0.5x energy density, E966
- Mabinlin – Protein, 100x sweetness (by weight), Exxx
- Maltitol – 0.9x sweetness (by weight), 1.7x sweetness (by food energy), 0.525x energy density, E965
- Mannitol – 0.5x sweetness (by weight), 1.2x sweetness (by food energy), 0.4x energy density, E421
- Miraculin – Protein, nx sweetness (by weight), Exxx
- Monellin – Protein, 3,000x sweetness (by weight), Exxx
- Pentadin – Protein, 500x sweetness (by weight), Exxx
- Sorbitol – 0.6x sweetness (by weight), 0.9x sweetness (by food energy), 0.65x energy density, E420
- Stevia – 250x sweetness (by weight)
- Tagatose – 0.92x sweetness (by weight), 2.4x sweetness (by food energy), 0.38x energy density
- Thaumatin – Protein, – 2,000x sweetness (by weight), E957
- Xylitol – 1.0x sweetness (by weight), 1.7x sweetness (by food energy), 0.6x energy density, E967
Micronutrients[edit | edit source]
Vitamins[edit | edit source]
- Avitaminosis (vitamin deficiency)
- Multivitamin
Minerals[edit | edit source]
Organic Acids[edit | edit source]
Foods[edit | edit source]
Pyramid Groups[edit | edit source]
Qualities of food[edit | edit source]
- Diet food
- Fast Food (see also Slow Food)
- Frozen food
- Functional food
- Junk food
- Local food
- Organic food
- Raw food
- Slow Food (see also Fast food)
- Taboo food and drink
General nutrition concepts[edit | edit source]
- Adaptogen
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
- Adrenal exhaustion
- Advanced glycation endproduct
- Amino acid
- Appetite
- Artificial flavors
- Artificial sweeteners
- Avitaminosis
- Biosafety
- Blood sugar
- Body fat percentage
- Body Mass Index (BMI)
- BCAA (branched chain amino acids)
- Branched chain amino acids
- Breakfast
- Calorie
- Calorie restriction
- Carbohydrate
- Carcinogen
- Cholesterol
- Chronic toxicity
- Codex Alimentarius
- Cognitive enhancer
- Complex carbohydrate
- Compulsive overeaters
- Daily value (DV)
- Dairy product
- Danger zone
- Deficiency disease
- Deep frying
- Detoxification
- Diabetes
- Diet
- Digestion
- Digestive system
- Digestive tract
- Dinner
- Dose
- Drug
- DV (daily value)
- Eating disorders
- ECA stack
- Empty calorie
- Energy drink
- Enzymes
- Ergogenic aids
- Essential
- EFA (essential fatty acid)
- Essential fatty acids
- Fat soluble vitamins
- Fad diet
- Famine
- Fat
- Flavonoids
- Fiber, dietary
- Exercise
- Food
- Food additive
- Food allergy
- Food and cooking hygiene
- Food and Nutrition Service
- Food bank
- Foodborne illness
- Food craving
- Food energy
- Food faddism
- Food guide pyramid
- Food groups
- Food labelling Regulations
- Food politics
- Food pyramid
- Food preservation
- Food preservatives
- Food processing
- Food processor
- Food quality
- Food Safety and Inspection Service
- Food Salvage
- Food science
- Food security
- Food sensitivity
- Food Stamp Program
- Food Standards Agency (UK)
- Food storage
- Food supplements
- Food technology
- Free radical
- Freezer burn
- French paradox
- Frozen food
- Fruit
- Functional food
- General Fitness Training
- Genetically modified food
- Glucose (monosaccharide)
- Glucose meter
- Glucose tolerance
- Glycemic Index
- Glycemic Load
- Glycogen
- Growth hormone
- Health
- Healthy weight
- Herb
- High density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HDL (high density lipoprotein cholesterol)
- Hypoglycemia
- Ideal weight
- Illnesses related to poor nutrition
- Incompatible Food Triad
- Inflammation
- Insulin
- Irradiation
- Isoflavones
- Kilojoule
- Lactoferrin
- Life extension
- Lipotropic nutrients
- Local food
- Meat
- Megadosing
- Megavitamin therapy
- Micronutrient
- Mineral
- Monounsaturated fat
- Multimineral
- Multinutrient
- Mutagen
- Nootropic
- Nutraceutical
- Nutrient
- Nutrient density
- Nutrigenomics
- Nutrition
- Nutritional facts label
- Nutritional genomics
- Nutrition and pregnancy
- Nutrition Labeling and Education Act
- Nutrition physiology
- Nutrition taboos
- Obesity
- Optimal weight
- Organic acid
- Organic food
- Orthomolecular medicine
- Overweight
- Pasteurization
- Phytochemicals
- Phytonutrients
- Prenatal nutrition
- Preventive medicine
- Prohormone
- Prostaglandins
- Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)
- Reference Daily Intake (RDI)
- Salad bar
- Saturated fat
- Seed
- Simple carbohydrate
- Somatotropin
- Snap freezing
- Spice
- Starch
- Sugar
- Sulfate
- Sulfite
- Supplement, dietary
- Sweetener
- Teratogen
- Thermogenics
- Toxicology
- Toxicity
- Toxins
- Trans fat / Trans-fatty acids
- Triglycerides
- Vacuum evaporation
- Vegetable
Diets and dieting[edit | edit source]
- Bodybuilding nutrition
- Calorie restriction
- Cognitive enhancement nutrition
- Dietary supplement
- Fruitarianism
- Life extension nutrition
- Low-carbohydrate diet
- Prenatal nutrition
- Raw food diet
- Sports nutrition
- Vegetarianism
- Weight loss
- Yo-yo dieting
Nutrition problems[edit | edit source]
- Avitaminosis (vitamin deficiency)
- Nutrition transition
Behavioral problems[edit | edit source]
Nutrition politics[edit | edit source]
Organizations[edit | edit source]
Nutrition scholars[edit | edit source]
- Durk Pearson and Sandy Shaw and David Mela
Nutrition lists[edit | edit source]
- Main article: Lists of nutrition topics
- Antioxidants in food
- B vitamins
- Diets
- Food additives
- Fruits
- Herbs and spices
- Illness related to poor nutrition
- Meats
- Seeds
- Spices and herbs
- Vegetables
See also[edit | edit source]
External links[edit | edit source]
- Diet, Nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases by a Joint WHO/FAO Expert consultation (2003)
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Frequently asked questions
Databases and search engines[edit | edit source]
- Nutrition Data Calculators
- Compare the nutrients in 100 calories of any two foods
- Nutrition Data
- Recipe Nutrition - extends USDA database with friendly names for common ingredients, recipe nutrition calculator and additional specialized ingredients
- USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Search By Food
- USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Nutrient Lists Search By Nutrient
- Nutritional Status Assessment and Analysis: E-Learning Course from FAO
Governmental agencies and intergovernmental bodies[edit | edit source]
- UN Standing Committee on Nutrition - In English, French and Portuguese
- ↑ Ms. Bhakta’s Blog. ‘Good Shepherd Catholic School.’ <http://sciencebhakta.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/new-food-pyramid.jpg>. April 22, 2010.