以下是测试雨水收集系统合成组件的目标、测试程序、所需设备和目标的列表，以及系统中每个组件在去除污染物方面的有效性。这是 Ajusco社区替代技术实验室与Isla Urbana一起对雨水、电网水和商店购买的 garafon 饮用水质量进行的一系列测试中的一项测试。这两个团体都是与位于墨西哥城的墨西哥国际可再生资源研究所合作的非营利组织。Isla Urbana 是一家在墨西哥城和墨西哥其他地区提供雨水收集系统的集团，Ajusco Labs是适当的技术项目和成果的实验室测试中心。Ajusco Labs将测试在墨西哥城附近建立的 Isla Urbanas 系统的雨水质量结果。这是Isla Urbana和Ajusco 实验室进行的一系列雨水测试的一部分。点击这里连接到雨水质量检测主页。
抽象
已发现雨水收集系统中的不同集水区特征和组件对总大肠菌群水平以及重金属水平和其他污染物具有统计学上的显着影响。[1] [2]还发现大气影响会影响雨水的最终水质。本研究的目的是了解大气对墨西哥城雨水质量的影响，包括第一次冲洗和不同过滤器类型在内的不同组件去除污染物的有效性，以及水通过不同类型的过滤器后的总体结束水质。在 Isla Urbana 的雨水收集系统中发现的合成过滤器序列。该测试程序无法考虑的现场变量包括在实际首次冲洗中可能发现的低效率，以及不同的泵如何影响水通过过滤器的速度，从而改变过滤器的去除率。这项测试的好处是它可以在有或没有雨水收集系统的地方进行，因为我们将使用从墨西哥城周围屋顶收集的样本在实验室中合成系统的组件，这极大地有助于增加我们可以收集样本，因为这些样本仅限于在雨季采集。我们将在雨季期间从至少 15 所房屋中随机抽取样本，并将其与世界卫生组织 (WHO) 和环境保护署 (EPA) 的饮用水和娱乐用水标准进行比较。这极大地有助于增加我们可以收集的样本数量，因为这些样本仅限于在雨季采集。我们将在雨季期间从至少 15 所房屋中随机抽取样本，并将其与世界卫生组织 (WHO) 和环境保护署 (EPA) 的饮用水和娱乐用水标准进行比较。这极大地有助于增加我们可以收集的样本数量，因为这些样本仅限于在雨季采集。我们将在雨季期间从至少 15 所房屋中随机抽取样本，并将其与世界卫生组织 (WHO) 和环境保护署 (EPA) 的饮用水和娱乐用水标准进行比较。
雨水、水质、雨水收集、墨西哥城、污染、
目标：
- 了解大气对雨水质量的影响。
- 了解通过第一次冲洗去除污染物的有效性，确保写下日期，因为这将根据是在第一次下雨还是在本赛季的最后一次下雨而改变。
- 比较不同过滤器的污染物去除率。
- 了解水通过不同类型的合成过滤器列后的总体结束水质。
该测试系统未考虑的现场变量包括：
- 不同的泵类型，从重力泵到现场的 2 马力泵，这会改变水通过过滤器的速度，从而改变过滤器的去除率。
- 在常规的第一次冲洗中可能会发现效率低下
设备
- 9 个干净的 25 加仑带盖桶（食品级）
或者可能只有至少 3 个桶并且需要清洁同一个桶 6 次才能完成该过程
- 定时器
- 水用塑料管道（? 长度和? 直径）
- 3/4马力泵
- 2 个沉积物过滤器，包括：
- 1 褶式沉淀物过滤器（记下年龄）
- 1 砾石沉积物过滤器（记下年龄）
- 1个碳过滤器（写下年龄）
- 9 个已灭菌的 500 毫升样品容器
- 用于储存新鲜样品的冰箱
- 冰块放入冰箱
- 比色计手册中为每个参数指定的设备和试剂
年内测试时间
雨季
Sampling Sites
- On top of roof (In order to get sample of rain before touches system and to understand atmospheric influences on rainwater quality)
- Below Gutters (in order to get sample of roof and gutter influence on rainwater quality)
Process
- Watch the weather, you want to place 2 of the sample buckets before it starts raining and the third sample bucket ten minutes after its started raining.
- Place one 25 gallon bucket on top of the roof in order to catch the first 10 minutes of rain.
This rain water has not touched the system and it tells us initial quality of the water and the atmospheric influences effecting the rainwater quality. This gives us a base line to compare our ending rainwater with.
- Place another 25 gallon bucket under the gutter in order to catch the first ten minutes of rain. This will synthesize the water quality found in the first flush.
- After the first 10 minutes of rain remove the 25 gallon bucket from under the gutter or put a lid on it to prevent further rain entry. This will make sure that this water quality only represents the water found in the first flush.
- Also after the first 10 minutes of rain place the third 25 gallon bucket under the gutter. This will act as the water quality found entering the cistern after the first flush has removed the first ten minutes of rainwater contaminants.
- Fill this third bucket until it is 3/4ths full.
- Take samples from all three buckets in 500ml containers, write the date, and label them:
Bucket 1 = AtmosphereR (Atmosphere Rainwater),Bucket 2 = First FlushR BP(First Flush Rainwater Before Processing)Bucket 3 = After FFR BP(After First Flush Rainwater Before Processing)
- Put a lid on Bucket 3 to return to the laboratory for further processing and analysis of water in bucket and water in sample containers, but dump out water from bucket 1 and 2.
- Assemble the plastic tubing, water pump, filter, and buckets... (Enrique can you elaborate on how the specifics of how the tubing and pump and filters can be placed together
Sample bucket - tubing- water pump - tubing - one filter - tubing empty bucket
- Now with water from the third bucket place only half of this water in another bucket (bucket 4). This allows us to do different types of processing on the same sample.
Combo 1.
1 pleated sediment filter
- Place the plastic tubing in this bucket 4 and pump this water through the first pleated filter into an empty bucket 4b.
- Take a sample of this processed water in one of the 500ml containers , write the date, and label it
After FFR Pleated HP1 (After First Flush Rainwater Pleated Sediment Filter and 1 Horse Power Pump)
Combo 2
1 pleated sediment filter + 1 carbon filter
- Now take the rest of the processed water from bucket 4b and run it through the carbon filter into an empty bucket 4c.
This will synthesize the sequence found in normal systems at Isla Urbana where water first passes through a sediment filter and then a carbon filter.
- Take a sample of this processed water from bucket 4c into a 500ml container, write the date, and label it
After FFR Pleat + Carbon (After First Flush Rainwater Pleated Sediment Filter + Carbon Filter + Micropore Filter)
Combo 3
1 pleated sediment filter + 1 carbon filter + 1 micro-pore filter
- Now take the remaining water from bucket 4c place the plastic tubing in the bucket and pump the water through a micropore filter into an empty bucket (4d).
This will synthesize the sequence of water filtered through the pleated filter and carbon filter followed by the micropore filter.
- Take a sample of this processed water from bucket 4d into a 500ml container, write the date, and label it
After FFR Pleat + Carbon + MicroP (After First Flush Rainwater processed through a Pleated Sediment Filter + Carbon Filter + Micropore filter)
Combo 4
1 pleated sediment filter + 1 carbon filter + 1 micro-pore filter + 1 UV filter
- Now take the remaining water from bucket 4d place the plastic tubing in the bucket and pump the water through a UV filter into an empty bucket (4e).
This will synthesize the sequence of water filtered through the pleated filter and carbon filter followed by the micropore filter and then the UV.
- Take a sample of this processed water from bucket 4e into a 500ml container, write the date, and label it
After FFR Pleat + Carbon + MicroP + UV (After First Flush Rainwater processed through a Pleated Sediment Filter + Carbon Filter + Micropore filter + UV filter)
Combo 5
1 gravel filter
- Now with the other half of the water remaining in bucket 3 that has not been processed at all, place clean plastic tubing in the bucket and pump it through a gravel filter into an empty bucket 3b.
This will act as the water quality found as water from the cistern then is filtered through the first gravel filter.
- Take a sample of this processed water from bucket 3b into a 500ml container and label it
After FFR Gravel (After First Flush Rainwater processed through a Gravel Sediment Filter)
Your samples list should include:
- AtmosphereR (Atmosphere influenced Rainwater),
- FFR (First Flush Rainwater)
- After FFR BP(After First Flush Rainwater Before Processing)
- After FFR Pleat (After First Flush Rainwater processed through a Pleated Sediment Filter)
- After FFR Pleat + Carbon (After First Flush Rainwater processed through a Pleated Sediment Filter and Carbon Filter)
- After FFR Pleat + Carbon + MicroP (After First Flush Rainwater processed through a Pleated Sediment Filter + Carbon Filter + Micropore filter)
- After FFR Pleat + Carbon + MicroP + UV (After First Flush Rainwater processed through a Pleated Sediment Filter + Carbon Filter + Micropore filter + UV filter)
- After FFR Gravel (After First Flush Rainwater processed through a Gravel Sediment Filter)
- Test samples along the parameters in Section 2, parameters will be tested according to the colorimeter manual.
- For coliform testing samples must be tested within 6 hours.
- Reagents used in the testing may be toxic and will need careful disposal, check the colorimeter manual for proper disposal and check Section 3 for locations and contact information for the proper disposal organizations in Mexico City.
Results
Pending, this study will begin with the rainy season in May 2011.