This page is an automatic translation to Spanish of Review of solar photovoltaic levelized cost of electricity.This translation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without any guarantee of accuracy.Read more...

Laboratorio abierto de tecnología sostenible de Michigan Tech Comuníquese con el Dr. Joshua Pearce ahora en Free Appropriate Sustainable Technology . MOST · Proyectos y Publicaciones · Métodos · Lit. reseñas · Gente · Patrocinadores · Noticias · Actualizaciones en Twitter · YouTube

Esta página fue desarrollada por el Grupo de Investigación de Sostenibilidad Aplicada de la Universidad de Queen .

Una revisión del costo nivelado de electricidad solar fotovoltaica

Resumen

A medida que la energía solar fotovoltaica (PV) madura, la viabilidad económica de los proyectos fotovoltaicos se evalúa cada vez más utilizando el costo nivelado de la electricidad.(LCOE) de generación con el fin de ser comparada con otras tecnologías de generación de electricidad. Desafortunadamente, existe una falta de claridad en los supuestos, las justificaciones y el grado de exhaustividad de los cálculos del LCOE, lo que produce resultados muy variados y contradictorios. Este documento revisa la metodología para calcular correctamente el LCOE para la energía solar fotovoltaica, corrigiendo los conceptos erróneos realizados en las suposiciones encontradas en la literatura. Luego, se proporciona una plantilla para informar mejor los resultados de LCOE para PV necesarios para influir en los mandatos de políticas o tomar decisiones de inversión. Se proporciona un ejemplo numérico con rangos de variables para probar la sensibilidad, lo que permite sacar conclusiones sobre las variables más importantes.

Dado el estado del arte en la tecnología y los términos de financiación favorables, está claro que la energía fotovoltaica ya ha obtenido la paridad de la red en ubicaciones específicas y, a medida que los costos de instalación continúan disminuyendo, los precios de la electricidad de la red continúan aumentando y la experiencia en la industria aumenta, la energía fotovoltaica se convertirá en un fuente de electricidad económicamente cada vez más ventajosa en regiones geográficas en expansión.

Cabe señalar que para las empresas de servicios públicos que calculan el valor de un sistema fotovoltaico, el valor del cálculo solar es ahora un método mejor que el LCOE. Consulte Una revisión del valor de la metodología solar con un estudio de caso del VOS de EE. UU.

Fuente

• K. Branker, MJM Pathak, JM Pearce, A Review of Solar Photovoltaic Levelized Cost of Electricity , Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , 15 , pp.4470-4482 (2011). DOI y acceso abierto

Background and Major Findings

El costo nivelado de la electricidad ( LCOE ) requiere considerar el costo del sistema de generación de energía y la energía generada durante su vida útil para brindar un costo en $/kWh (o $/MWh o centavos/kWh).

Reconociendo que LCOE es una herramienta de evaluación comparativa, existe una alta sensibilidad a los supuestos realizados, especialmente cuando se extrapolan varios años en el futuro. Por lo tanto, si se utilizan para considerar iniciativas de política, los supuestos deben hacerse con la mayor precisión posible, con los respectivos análisis de sensibilidad (por ejemplo, Monte Carlo) y justificaciones. Especialmente en el caso de tecnologías de energía renovable, como la solar fotovoltaica, que requieren mucho capital y un mantenimiento insignificante (como los costos de combustible), es importante hacer las suposiciones apropiadas al comparar sistemas para planes de gestión de energía. Hay muchas estimaciones diferentes, como se demuestra en el documento, con diversos grados de detalle de los informes.

A key recommendation for improving the reporting of the LCOE for Solar PV is the inclusion of assumptions and specifications which make each calculation unique. Thus, when a value is reported, it should also clearly include:

1. The Solar PV technology and degradation rate (e.g. c-Si or a-Si:H, and 0.5%/year degradation rate etc.).
2. Scale, size and cost of PV project [including cost breakdown] (residential, commercial, utility scale/# kW, # MW, $/Wp).
3. Indication of solar resource: capacity factor, solar insolation, geographic location, and shading losses.
4. Lifetime of the project and term of financing (these are not necessarily equal).
5. Financial terms: financing (interest rate, term, equity/debt ratio, cost of capital), discount rate.
6. Additional terms: inflation, incentives, credits, taxes, depreciation,carbon credits, etc. (these need not be in the analysis, but it should be stated whether or not these are included).

Thus, the author would suggest the degree of applicability of their analysis so that sweeping assumptions as to future policies are not incorrectly made.

LCOE Quick Calculator

Here, a free simple open source calculator is provided for finding the LCOE of a Solar PV system. The default scenario is for a system in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. The "assumptions and sources" section in the calculator gives guidelines on how to change inputs based on location.

Please note there was an error in the calculator. If you are using a version posted before Jan. 29, 2013 - you should discard it and download the new version below.

Download the calculator formatted for Microsoft Excel here:

• ECM032 - Solar PV LCOE.xls

Also housed at the http://www.green-its-research.ca/sustainability-calculators/solar-levelized-cost/. For doing detailed calculations we recommend other free tools: RETScreen and NREL Solar Advisor Model (SAM) - for a full list of PV modeling tools see solar photovoltaic software.

Please be aware the calculator is based on the assumption of a 40 year system lifetime. System lifetime can not be changed.

Related Papers

• K. Branker, M.J.M. Pathak, J.M. Pearce, A Review of Solar Photovoltaic Levelized Cost of Electricity, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, pp.4470-4482 (2011). DOI and Open access

Related Research Pages

• Levelised Cost of Electricity Literature Review
• Lifespan and Reliability of Solar Photovoltaics - Literature Review
• Emerging economic viability of grid defection in a northern climate using solar hybrid systems
• Economic viability of captive off-grid solar photovoltaic and diesel hybrid energy systems for the Nigerian private sector

See also

• Sun Power levelized cost review for solar
• 100GW of demand, and the coming inflection point in the US solar market
• Economic Advantages of Dry-Etched Black Silicon in Passivated Emitter Rear Cell (PERC) Photovoltaic Manufacturing
• Policies to Overcome Barriers for Renewable Energy Distributed Generation: A Case Study of Utility Structure and Regulatory Regimes in Michigan
• The Potential for Grid Defection of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Using Solar Photovoltaic, Battery and Generator Hybrid Systems
• Decentralized Renewable Hybrid Mini-Grids for Rural Communities: Culmination of the IREP Framework and Scale up to Urban Communities
• A review of the value of solar methodology with a case study of the U.S. VOS
• Economics of Grid-Tied Solar Photovoltaic Systems Coupled to Heat Pumps: The Case of Northern Climates of the U.S. and Canada
• Decarbonizing rural residential buildings in cold climates: A techno-economic analysis of heating electrification

Media Coverage

• New Study: Solar Grid Parity Is Here Today Green Tech Media
• Solar energy cheaper than you might think, says researcher The National Post, Star Phoenix, Leader Post, Ottowa Citizen, Canada.com, The Vancouver Province, Edmonton Journal, Nanaimo Daily News, St. John's Telegram, Waterloo Record, and on many websites across Canada.
• Researcher says solar power not so costly Calgary Herald
• Cost of solar falling according to study CTV, City News Toronto, Winnipeg Free Press, MetroNews, TheTyee, 680 News, Brandon Sun, iNews880
• Solar power much cheaper to produce than most analysts realize, study finds Queen's U News, R&D
• Solar Power Much Cheaper to Produce Than Most Analysts Realize, Study Finds Science Daily
• Solar power not as pricey as most believe, professor says The Vancouver Sun
• Affordable Solar: It's Closer Than You Think Michigan Tech News, PHYSORG, Newswise
• Public Kept In Dark About Solar Power Viability, Study Finds News Room America
• Solar power can now be produced for less than $1 a watt, study finds Click Green
• Solar Power Less Expensive than Analysts Purport Cleantechnica
• L'énergie solaire serait beaucoup moins chère à produire Enerzine
• Professor: Cost of solar power dropping Chronicle Herald
• Outdated models overestimate solar energy cost Summit County Citizen's Voice
• Study says solar power now cheaper than what analysts think Ecoseed, REVE
• Is Solar Power About To Go Mainstream?:Study suggests economics are reaching tipping point Consumer Affairs
• Question Answered: Solar Has Already Met the Grid Get Solar
• New Queen's University study: Solar power much cheaper to produce than most analysts realize; PV systems near grid paritySolar Server
• Solar Grid Parity Is Here The Motley Fool
• Study claims solar power is more viable than ever TG Daily
• Solar Power Much Cheaper to Produce Than Most Analysts Realize, Study Finds Think Progress
• Study: Analysts get solar costs wrong UPI