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Source

• Selvaraj, M., Venkatachalapathy, V., Mayandi, J., Karazhanov, S. and Pearce, J. M., Preparation of meta-stable phases of barium titanate by sol-hydrothermal method. AIP Advances, 5, 117119 (2015), DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4935645 open access

Abstract

Two low-cost chemical methods of sol–gel and the hydrothermal process have been strategically combined to fabricate barium titanate (BaTiO₃) nanopowders.두 가지 저비용 화학 방법인 sol-gel과 열수 과정이 전략적으로 결합되어 티탄산바륨(BaTiO₃) 나노파우더를 제조했습니다. This method was tested for various synthesis temperatures (100 ^°C to 250 ^°C) employing barium dichloride (BaCl₂) and titanium tetrachloride (TiCl₄) as precursors and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as mineralizer for synthesis of BaTiO₃ nanopowders.이 방법은 BaTiO₃ 나노파우더 합성을 위한 이염화바륨(BaCl₂)과 사염화티타늄(TiCl₄)을 전구체로, 수산화나트륨(NaOH)을 광물질로 하여 다양한 합성온도(100~250C)에 대하여 시험하였다. The as-prepared BaTiO₃ powders were investigated for structural characteristics using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).준비된 BaTiO₃ 분말은 X-선 회절(XRD), 주사전자현미경(SEM), 투과전자현미경(TEM)을 이용해 구조적 특성을 조사했다. The overall analysis indicates that the hydrothermal conditions create a gentle environment to promote the formation of crystalline phase directly from amorphous phase at the very low processing temperatures investigated.전체적인 분석에 따르면 열수조건은 조사된 매우 낮은 처리온도에서 비정질상으로부터 직접 결정상의 형성을 촉진하는 온화한 환경을 조성한다. XRD analysis showed phase transitions from cubic - tetragonal - orthorhombic - rhombohedral with increasing synthesis temperature and calculated grain sizes were 34 – 38 nm (using the Scherrer formula).XRD 분석 결과 합성온도가 상승하는 입방정형 - 정방정형 - 마름모 면으로부터의 위상전이 34~38nm로 나타났다(Scherrer 공식 사용). SEM and TEM analysis verified that the BaTiO₃ nanopowders synthesized by this method were spherical in shape and about 114 - 170 nm in size.SEM 및 TEM 분석 결과, 이 방법으로 합성된₃ BaTiO 나노파워는 구형이며, 크기는 약 114~170 nm이다. The particle distribution in both SEM and TEM shows that as the reaction temperature increases from 100 ^°C to 250 ^°C, the particles agglomerate.SEM과 TEM의 입자 분포는 반응 온도가 100℃에서 250℃로 상승함에 따라 입자가 응집되는 것을 보여줍니다. Selective area electron diffraction (SAED) shows that the particles are crystalline in nature.선택 영역 전자 회절(SAED)은 입자가 본질적으로 결정적이라는 것을 보여줍니다. The study shows that choosing suitable precursor and optimizing pressure and temperature; different meta-stable (ferroelectric) phases of undoped BaTiO₃ nanopowders can be stabilized by the sol-hydrothermal method.이 연구는 적절한 전구체를 선택하고 압력과 온도를 최적화하며, 비선반₃ BaTiO 나노파워더의 메타안정(강유전체) 상은 솔-히드로열법에 의해 안정화될 수 있음을 보여준다.

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