Sri Lanka memiliki dua varietas nanas, Kewpine dan Mauritius. Kewpine adalah nanas masak, buahnya lebih besar dan memberikan hasil jus yang lebih baik. Namun rasanya tidak sebagus varietas Mauritius yang lebih manis yang biasa dimakan segar. Kami menemukan bahwa varietas Mauritius menghasilkan selai yang lebih baik (set, rasa, dan warna yang lebih baik). Bubur dari nanas bervariasi (termasuk inti) dari pH 3,4-4,1. Artinya, untuk memberikan selai dengan set yang baik resepnya harus disesuaikan setiap kali menggunakan ampas baru. Hasil dari buah utuh menjadi bubur buah yang dapat digunakan dari Mauritius adalah sekitar 30% dan untuk Kewpine 35%. Nanas mengandung sedikit atau tidak ada pektin sehingga pektin harus ditambahkan saat membuat selai. Nanas mengandung enzim bromelain, yang merupakan enzim proteolitik (memecah protein). Hal ini dapat menyebabkan masalah bagi operator tangan yang bersentuhan dengan jus untuk waktu yang lama selama operasi pemotongan, oleh karena itu sarung tangan harus dipakai dan dicuci setiap hari. Untuk membuat 200 x 1lb toples selai nanas membutuhkan kurang lebih 62kg gula pasir dan 158kg nanas segar.
resep
(memulai resep sebelum merebus)
| Gula | 49% |
| Bubur buah | 38% |
| Pektin (tingkat tidak diketahui) | 1% |
| Air | 12% |
| Asam sitrat | Ditambahkan sesuai kebutuhan |
In most countries, preservative is not allowed to be added to the jam. Only a residue of preservative is allowed in jam made from fruit pulp that has been stored with chemical preservatives, (l00ppm sulphur dioxide or 500ppm benzoic acid). Citric acid is not a preservative, it is added to adjust the pH. Jams give a gel when there is the correct ratio of pectin to water and the pH is between 2.5-3.45. The optimum pH to give a good gel is pH 3.0.
metode
Remove stalks and tops from fruits, cut off the outer cortex and pick out the 'eyes'. Cut the fruit into pieces, discarding any bad fruit.
Make the pieces into fruit pulp by liquidising, or passing through a Kenwood colander/sieve (large aperture). Liquidising the pieces gives a fruit pulp with a 'chunky' texture but contains a lot of pith and hard pieces. Using the colander/sieve will give a fruit pulp of a smooth consistency, which is good for making pineapple jelly. The residue that does not pass through the colander/sieve can be put into a muslin cloth and the juice squeezed out to get the maximum extraction of fruit pulp. The yield of fruit pulp from whole fruit is 30% (colander/sieve), 35% (liquidiser).
Adjust the pH of the fruit pulp by adding citric acid until it is pH 3.0. This can be measured with a pH meter, or less accurately with pH paper, (using Whatmans pH paper 1-5 pH range, the colour of the juice effects the result, so that a reading 2.5 pH is in fact 3.0 pH). Mix the pectin with a small portion of the sugar. The dry mixing of the pectin is important because pectin powder is very difficult to dissolve in water because it clumps together. If it is still a problem to dissolve, grind the sugar to a fine powder and then mix it with the pectin.
Mix the water, fruit pulp, and the remaining sugar in a stainless steel saucepan and start to boil. When nearing the 'end point' the dry mix of pectin and sugar is added. (The pectin should not be heated for longer than necessary because it will be broken down and then the jam will not set).
Jam should not be boiled for more than 12-15 minutes otherwise this can give rise to caramel flavours, over-sweetness and discoloration, apart from being a waste of energy. By reducing the amount of water in the starting recipe, the boiling time can be reduced.
The 'end point' is reached when the total soluble solids is up to 70%, this is measured with a refractometer. (In most countries the legal minimum sugar levels in jam, are 65% for jam in hermetically sealed jars, and 68.5% for jam in non air tight containers). 70% gives a safety factor. Jam with over 70% sugar can give problems during storage, as sugar will recrystallise out into large chunks. The 'end point' is usually reached around 106-108°C (depending on barometric pressure and height above sea level). When the jam has nearly reached this temperature samples are taken and tested on a refractometer, the sample must be cooled before being measured. This can be done by smearing on a cold dry plate or saucepan lid. All implements used to take the sample must be dry, otherwise the reading will be reduced. It is important to stir the jam at all times otherwise burning will occur at the bottom of the saucepan, causing off flavours and discoloration.When the 'end point' has been reached the jam should be filled into jars which have been cleaned and then steamed to sterilise them, and are still hot so that they do not crack. The jars should be filled as quickly as possible so that the jam is not heated for longer than necessary, or recontaminated because it has cooled down before the jars are sealed. The lip of the jar should be clean and dry (wipe with clean tissue paper) before placing the lid on it. The filled jars can be placed in water to cool down the jam so that it does not keep cooking in the jar, the water level should be kept below the lid of the jars.
Daftar perlengkapan
- Jars, omnia lids, and labels
- Omnia capper
- Cooking facilities, gas ring, electric ring, etc
- Stainless steel saucepan
- Thermometer in protective jacket
- Stainless steel cutting knife and spoon
- Wooden spoon for stirring
- Refractometer
- Steam generator (optional)
- Cutting board
- Scales
- Measuring cylinder
- Funnel
- Liquidizer
- Muslin cloth
Alamat dan kontak yang berguna
Note: This is a selective list of suppliers and does not imply endorsement by Practical Action
Kenwood LimitedNew LaneHavant HampshirePO9 2NH United KingdomTel: +44 (0) 23 9247 6000Fax: +44 (0) 23 9239 2400Website: http://www.kenwood.co.uk/Manufacture: Kenwood Chef, etc.Worldwide distribution
Bellingham + Stanley Ltd.Longfield Road, North Farm Industrial EstateTunbridge Wells, Kent TN2 3EYUnited KingdomTel: +44 1892 500400Fax: +44 1892 543115E-mail: sales@bs-ltd.comWebsite: http://web.archive.org/web/20150706041130/http://www.bs-ltd.com:80/Refractometers