Photovoltaic dictionary/ C - D

C[edit | edit source]

C[edit | edit source]

(meas). Abbreviation for CELSIUS.

F - C

S - C

CALCIUM HYDROXIDE[edit | edit source]

(biocon) (chem). A solution that is often used in BUBBLE CHAMBERS to SCRUB BIOGAS. It is commonly known as LIMEWATER.

F - hydrate de calcium

S - hidroxido de calcio

CALORIE[edit | edit source]

(gen). The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree CELSIUS at ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE.

F - calorie [1]

S - caloria

CAM[edit | edit source]

(gen). An eccentric projection on a revolving shaft, shaped to produce variable or reciprocating motion in another contacted or engaged part.

F - came

S - leva

CANAL[edit | edit source]

(gen) (hydr). An artificial watercourse uniting rivers, lakes, or seas for purposes of inland navigation, irrigation, or conveyance of water to a HYDROPOWER device.

F - canal

S - canal

CANISTER[edit | edit source]

(wind) (arc). A piece of metal placed at the outer end of a ROTOR SPAR to hold the SAIL in place.

F - douille

S - chapa de fijacion

CAP[edit | edit source]

(wind) (arc). The revolving top of a TOWER MILL or SMOCK MILL.

F - calotte

S - cumbrera

CAPACITY FACTOR[edit | edit source]

(elec) (meas). The total KILOWATT HOURS of ENERGY consumed divided by the total KILOWATTS produced by an electricity-generating plant. Generally calculated on an annual basis.

F - facteur de capacite

S - factor de capacidad

CAPACITY OF THE WIND[edit | edit source]

(wind) (meas). The total amount of dirt and dust particles of a given kind that can be sustained per unit volume of air by a wind of a given velocity.

F - capacite du vent

S - capacidad del viento

CARBOHYDRATE[edit | edit source]

(alc) (chem). Sugars, STARCHES, CELLULOSE, and other similar compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only. Carbohydrates are excellent FEEDSTOCK for an ALCOHOL STILL.

F - hydrates de carbone

S - carbohidrato

CARBON-TO-NITROGEN RATIO[edit | edit source]

(biocon). The proportion of carbon to nitrogen in the material being placed in a BIOGAS DIGESTER. This ratio is important for maintaining biogas production. 25:1 is the optimal C/N ratio.

Material	Nitrogen	Carbon-Nitrogen	Name	Content	Ratio
Cow dung	1.7%	25 to 1
Poultry manure	6.3%	No carbon
Grass	4.0%	12 to 1
Sheep manure	3.75%	No carbon
Urine	15-18%	8 to 1
Wheat straw	0.3%	128 to 1
Potato tops	1.5%	25 to 1
Tomato	3.3%	128 to 1

F - rapport carbone-azote

S - proporcion de carbon a nitrogeno

CARBURETOR[edit | edit source]

(auto). A device for mixing and controlling the amount of air and fuel supplied to a gasoline engine.

F - carburateur

S - carburador

CASING[edit | edit source]

(sol). The framework housing the components of a FLAT-PLATE COLLECTOR. It is generally made of metal and lined with material for THERMAL insulation. Inlet and outlet openings are provided.

F - enveloppe

S - envoltura

CATCHMENT APRON[edit | edit source]

(hydr). A projecting slope on the downstream side of a SLUICE or dam, which is provided to withstand the force of falling water.

F - pente de captage

S - plataforma colectora

CELL[edit | edit source]

(elec). A device that generates electricity, traditionally consisting of two plates or conducting surfaces placed in an electrolytic FLUID.

F - element

S - celula

CELLULASE[edit | edit source]

(bio) (alc). Any of several ENZYMES found in FUNGI, BACTERIA, and lower animals that cause CELLULOSE to break down in water. These enzymes are needed for ALCOHOL DISTILLATION.

F - cellulase

S - celulase

CELLULOSE[edit | edit source]

(chem) (alc). The main POLYSACCHARIDE in living plants. Cellulose forms the skeletal structure of plant cell walls and can be HYDROLYZED to form GLUCOSE.

F - cellulose

S - celulosa

CELLULOSIC BIOMASS[edit | edit source]

(biocon). BIOMASS that contains vegetable matter.

F - biomasse cellulosique

S - biomasa celulosica

CELSIUS[edit | edit source]

(meas). The international temperature scale in which water freezes at 0 [degrees] and boils at 100 [degrees]. To convert from degrees Celsius to degrees FAHRENHEIT, multiply the temperature in degrees Celsius by 9/5 (or 1.8) and add 32. To convert from degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius, subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit temperature and then multiply by 5/9. Abbreviated as C. (Syn: centigrade)

F - Celsius

S - Celsio

CENTIGRADE[edit | edit source]

(meas). (See: CELSIUS).

F - centigrade

S - centigrado

CENTRIFUGAL FORCE[edit | edit source]

(gen). The inertial force repelling a body away from the center of the curvature of a curved path along which it is moving, or away from the AXIS around which it rotates. The opposite of CENTRIPETAL FORCE.

F - force centrifuge

S - centrifuga, fuerza

CENTRIPETAL FORCE[edit | edit source]

(gen). A force attracting a body toward the center of the curvature of a curved path along which it is moving, or toward the AXIS around which it rotates. The apposite of CENTRIFUGAL FORCE.

F - force centripete

S - centripeta , fuerza

CHALK ADOBE[edit | edit source]

(constr). A method of making ADOBE bricks in which chalk is added to the clay, straw, and water. Chalk adobe is useful as a THERMAL MASS.

F - adobe a la chaux

S - mezcla de adobe y creta

CHANNEL[edit | edit source]

(hydr). The bed of a stream or waterway. (See also: CANAL)

F - chenal [1]

S - cauce

CHARCOAL[edit | edit source]

(fos) (gen). A dark-colored or black porous form of CARBON made from vegetable or animal substances. Charcoal commonly is made by charring wood in a KILN or RETORT from which air is partially excluded. It is used for FUEL, and in various mechanical, artistic, and chemical processes. By using DISTILLATION and retorts to produce charcoal, several valuable products can be collected that would otherwise be lost, including COMBUSTIBLE GASES, CREOSOTE OIL, METHANOL, soluble tar, and combustible pitch.

F - charbon de bois

S - carbon

CHARCOAL GAS[edit | edit source]

(prod). (See: PRODUCER GAS)

F - gaz de charbon de bois

S - gas de carbon

CHIMNEY[edit | edit source]

(constr). A vertical passage or FLUE through which smoke and gases escape from a stove or fireplace.

F - cheminee

S - chimenea

CHIMNEY CAP[edit | edit source]

(constr). A cone, usually made of sheet metal, placed pointed end up slightly above the top of a CHIMNEY. It prevents rain and debris from falling into the chimney.

F - mitre

S - sombrerete de chimenea

CHINESE-TYPE DIGESTER[edit | edit source]

(biocon). A BIOGAS DIGESTER that is primarily designed to produce fertilizer. Usually a FIXED-DOME DIGESTER.

F - digesteur type chinois

S - digestor de tipo chino

CHORD[edit | edit source]

(wind). The distance from the LEADING EDGE to the TRAILING EDGE of an AIRFOIL. The term refers to WINDMILL BLADE design.

F - profondeur de l'aile

S - profundidad del aspa

CHULA[edit | edit source]

(biocon). A small, wood-burning stove, usually made of mud, clay, brick, or metal. The term is widely used in South Asia.

F - chula

S - chula

CIRCULAR FOCUSING COLLECTOR[edit | edit source]

(sol). (See: COMPOUND PARABOLIC COLLECTOR)

F - capteur circulaire a concentration

S - colector circular de enfoque

CISTERN[edit | edit source]

(hydr). An artificial reservoir or watertight tank for storing water or other liquids.

F - citerne

S - cisterna

CLAMPS[edit | edit source]

(wind) (arc). Wooden splints bolted to the sides of the STOCKS, locking the SAIL assembly in the POLL END.

F - eclisses

S - prensas

CLEARNESS INDEX[edit | edit source]

(sol) (meas). A SOLAR ENERGY concept introduced to express the ratio of a particular hour, day, or month's SOLAR RADIATION on a horizontal surface to the EXTRATERRESTRIAL SOLAR RADIATION on that same surface for the same period of time. It is useful in calculating DIFFUSE RADIATION and RADIATION falling on a tilted surface.

F - indice de clarte

S - indice de claridad

CLERESTORY[edit | edit source]

(sol). A vertical window that is placed high in a wall near the eaves for light, HEAT GAIN, and ventilation.

F - lanterneau

S - claraboya

CLOSED-LOOP SYSTEM[edit | edit source]

(sol). A SOLAR HEATING system in which distilled water, antifreeze, and/or corrosion inhibitors are circulated through the COLLECTORS and storage tanks in a closed loop. Heat picked up from the collectors by the circulating FLUIDS is transferred to the water in the storage tanks through the closed loop or other HEAT EXCHANGERS.

F - circuit ferme, systeme de

S - sistema de ciclo cerrado

C/N[edit | edit source]

(biocon). (See: CARBON TO NITROGEN RATIO)

F - C/N

S - C/N

COAL GASIFICATION[edit | edit source]

(prod). The combustion of coal to form a gas suitable for use as a fuel. This is usually done in a PRODUCER GAS GENERATOR.

F - gazeification du charbon

S - gasificacion del carbon

COB ADOBE[edit | edit source]

(constr). A type of ADOBE in which corn cobs are added to clay, water, and straw. Adobe bricks are reinforced by this addition of cobs during the brick-making process. Cob adobe is a useful THERMAL MASS.

F - adobe a la rafle de mais

S - mezcla de paja, arcilla, agua y mazorcas

COLLECTION[edit | edit source]

(sol). The act of trapping SOLAR RADIATION.

F - captation

S - captacion

COLLECTOR[edit | edit source]

(sol). A device to trap SOLAR RADIATION and convert it into usable heat. The term collector frequently refers to an insulated frame containing a panel made from an ABSORBER PLATE and GLAZING. More broadly, a well-designed building with windows facing the equator may also be considered a collector, as can other solar devices that capture SOLAR RADIATION in the form of heat.

F - capteur

S - colector

COLLECTOR EFFICIENCY[edit | edit source]

(sol) (meas). The ratio of SOLAR ENERGY absorbed by a COLLECTOR to the RADIANT ENERGY falling on the collector.

F - rendement d'un collecteur

S - eficiencia del colector

HEAT-EXCHANGER CORRECTION FACTOR[edit | edit source]

(sol) (meas). An index that indicates how much useful SOLAR ENERGY is lost during the exchange of heat from the COLLECTOR to the storage tank in LIQUID-BASED SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMS.

F - coefficient de correction capteur-echangeur de chaleur

S - factor de correccion del colector/termopermutador

COLLECTOR-HEAT REMOVAL EFFICIENCY FACTOR[edit | edit source]

(sol) (meas). The ratio of actual useful HEAT GAIN of a FLAT-PLATE SOLAR COLLECTOR to the heat gain if the entire COLLECTOR PLATE were at the same temperature as the inlet FLUID.

F - coefficient de rendement capteur-echangeur de chaleur

S - factor de eficiencia del colector-termoextractor

COLLECTOR PLATE[edit | edit source]

(sol). A metal sheet in a SOLAR COLLECTOR whose primary function is to absorb as much as possible of the SOLAR RADIATION reaching it through the GLAZING, while losing as little heat as possible as it transfers the retained heat to the HEAT TRANSFER MEDIUM.

F - plaque collectrice

S - placa colectora

COLLECTOR TILT ANGLE[edit | edit source]

(sol) (meas). The angle between the plane of the horizon and the surface of a SOLAR COLLECTOR, generally used to maximize the COLLECTION of SOLAR RADIATION.

F - inclinaison d'un capteur

S - angulo de inclinacion del colector

COMBUSTIBLE GAS[edit | edit source]

(biocon) (prod). Gas that will burn. This includes BIOGAS, PRODUCER GAS, and other VOLATILE FLUIDS.

F - gaz combustible

S - gas combustible

COMBUSTION CHAMBER[edit | edit source]

(heat). The place in a stove where fuel is burned.

F - chambre de combustion

S - camara de combustion

COMBUSTION ZONE[edit | edit source]

(prod). The section in a PRODUCER GAS GENERATOR in which the FEEDSTOCK is burned.

F - zone de combustion

S - zona de combustion

COMMON SAIL[edit | edit source]

(wind) (arc). A WINDMILL SAIL that is covered with a canvas cloth.

F - aile de moulin

S - aspa comun

COMPOSTED SLUDGE[edit | edit source]

(biocon). SLUDGE that has been rendered relatively PATHOGEN-free through COMPOSTING. It generally can be used safely as fertilizer.

F - boues compostees

S - composte de lodos cloacales

COMPOSTING[edit | edit source]

(biocon). AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION of ORGANIC MATTER. The resulting material is used as a fertilizer.

F - compostage

S - composte

COMPOUND PARABOLIC COLLECTOR[edit | edit source]

(sol). A type of SOLAR COLLECTOR using parabolic REFLECTORS.

F - capteur parabolique compose

S - colector parabolico compuesto

CONCENTRATING COLLECTOR[edit | edit source]

(sol). A SOLAR COLLECTOR that uses REFLECTORS to concentrate DIRECT RADIATION from the sun onto a narrow ABSORBER PLATE to produce intense heat.

F - capteur a concentration

S - colector concentrador

CONCENTRATING PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY[edit | edit source]

(sol). A series of lenses or mirrors used to concentrate SOLAR RADIATION onto PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, which convert the sunlight into electricity. The concentrated sunlight increases the output of each cell, thus reducing the total number of cells required to produce a given amount of electricity. (See also: PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY)

F - groupe photovoltaique de concentration

S - conjunto concentrador fotovoltaico

CONCENTRATING THERMAL COLLECTOR[edit | edit source]

(sol). (See: CONCENTRATING COLLECTOR)

F - capteur thermique a concentration

S - colector termico concentrador

CONCENTRATION[edit | edit source]

(gen). The amount of a substance contained in a FLUID per unit volume.

F - concentration

S - concentracion

CONDENSER[edit | edit source]

(gen) (impl). A device used to change a vapor into a liquid. This can be done either by exposing to air a tube that contains vapor, or by passing the tube through a WATER JACKET.

F - condenseur

S - condensador

CONDUCTION[edit | edit source]

(heat). Heat transfer from direct contact between a hot body and a cold body.

F - conduction

S - conduccion

CONING[edit | edit source]

(wind). The practice of tilting up the WIND SHAFT of a WIND MACHINE at a small angle.

F - fuseler

S - movimiento de la pala

CONTINUOUS DIGESTION[edit | edit source]

(biocon). The continuous feeding of BIOMASS into a BIOGAS DIGESTER, with the removal of an equivalent volume of EFFLUENT. The process is usually started with the addition of a SEED. It may take several DETENTION TIMES before the process becomes steady. For many purposes, this is a more EFFICIENT and convenient process than BATCH DIGESTION. Processes involving daily addition and removal are more properly described as semi-continuous.

F - digestion en continu

S - digestion continua

CONTINUOUS FLOW DIGESTER[edit | edit source]

(biocon). A DIGESTER into which BIOMASS may be loaded and gas and EFFLUENT recovered without discontinuing digestion.

F - digesteur a flux continu

S - digestor de circulacion continua

CONTINUOUS PROCESSING[edit | edit source]

(biocon). (See: CONTINUOUS DIGESTION)

F - traitement en continu

S - proceso continuo

CONTINUOUS STILL[edit | edit source]

(alc). An ALCOHOL STILL into which MASH may be loaded and ALCOHOL recovered without discontinuing alcohol production.

F - alambic a distillation continue

S - alambique continuo

CONTROLLED BURNING ATMOSPHERE[edit | edit source]

(fos). An atmosphere in which oil or natural gas is burned with just enough oxygen to prevent all the carbon from being consumed. The recovered carbon may be used as a fuel.

F - atmosphere a combustion controlee

S - atmosfera de combustion controlada

CONVECTION[edit | edit source]

(heat). The transfer of heat between one location or surface and another by the motion of a heat-carrying FLUID. Also, the transfer of heat within a fluid by movements within the fluid.

F - convection

S - conveccion

CONVECTION AIR COOLER[edit | edit source]

(refrig). A non-electric cooler that depends on the natural circulation of air.

F - refroidisseur par convection d'air

S - enfriador de aire por conveccion

CONVERSION PROCESS[edit | edit source]

(gen). A process through which ENERGY is converted from one form to another, such as RADIANT ENERGY into heat or electric energy.

F - conversion

S - proceso de conversion

COOKER[edit | edit source]

(alc). A heated tank with an AGITATOR that heats the MASH as part of the ALCOHOL production process.

F - chaudiere de cuisson

S - caldera de coccion

COOKING[edit | edit source]

(alc). A heating and stirring process that breaks down STARCH granules, thus making the starch available for the liquefaction and SACCHARIFICATION steps of the ALCOHOL manufacturing process.

F - cuisson

S - coccion

COOK STOVE[edit | edit source]

(biocon). An apparatus in which fuel is burned to produce heat for cooking.

F - cuisiniere

S - estufa

CO-PRODUCT[edit | edit source]

(alc). Substances resulting from the production of ETHANOL by FERMENTATION.

F - coproduit

S - coproducto

CORRUGATED METAL SOLAR COLLECTOR[edit | edit source]

(sol). A type of SOLAR COLLECTOR that uses a corrugated metal as its ABSORBER PLATE. The metal is usually painted with FLAT BLACK PAINT.

F - capteur solaire en tole ondulee

S - colector solar de metal corrugado

COVER[edit | edit source]

(sol). (See: GLAZING)

F - revetement

S - revestimiento

COVER PLATE[edit | edit source]

(sol). The transparent material placed over a COLLECTOR-ABSORBER PLATE so that heat loss to the atmosphere is reduced and a greater fraction of the SOLAR RADIATION is collected as useable heat.

F - plaque de couverture

S - placa revestidora

CREOSOTE OIL[edit | edit source]

(gen). A by-product from CHARCOAL production by DISTILLATION. It may be used as a preservative to protect wood from termites, moisture, etc.

F - huile de creosote

S - aceite de creosota

CRETAN SAIL WINDMILL[edit | edit source]

(wind). (See: CRETAN WINDMILL)

F - moulin a ailes cretois

S - molino de viento con aspas cretanas

CRETAN WINDMILL[edit | edit source]

(wind). A type of HORIZONTAL AXIS SAIL ROTOR WINDMILL generally having four fixed, triangular SAILS. Cretan windmills are used primarily for low-lift water pumping.

F - moulin a vent cretois

S - molino de viento cretano

CROSS[edit | edit source]

(wind) (arc). A cruciform iron support for the sail assembly, used as an alternative to the POLL END.

F - croix

S - aspa de hierro

CROSS-FLOW TURBINE[edit | edit source]

(hydr). (See: BANKI TURBINE)

F - turbine a ecoulement radial

S - turbina con rodete de tambor

CROSSWIND[edit | edit source]

(wind). Winds blowing crosswise to the direction of the wind stream.

F - vent de travers

S - viento de costado

CULTURE[edit | edit source]

(bio). A preparation containing micro-organisms that are growing on a medium.

F - bouillon de culture

S - cultivo

CUP ANEMOMETER[edit | edit source]

(wind) (meas). An ANEMOMETER with three or four cups that rotate with the wind to measure wind speed.

F - anemometre a coquilles

S - anemometro de tazas

CUPS[edit | edit source]

(hydr). Bowl shaped BLADES found on PELTON WHEELS and other types of IMPULSE TURBINES.

F - godets

S - tazas

CURB[edit | edit source]

(wind) (arc). In SMOCK MILLS and TOWER MILLS, the circular timber rim or wall plate supporting the revolving cap.

F - chemin de glissement

S - apoyo circular

CURRENT[edit | edit source]

(elec). The FLOW of electrons through a conductor.

F - courant

S - corriente

CUT-IN SPEED[edit | edit source]

(wind). The WIND VELOCITY at which a WIND MACHINE is activated.

F - vitesse d'enclenchement

S - velocidad de accionamiento

CUT-OUT SPEED[edit | edit source]

(wind). The WIND VELOCITY at which a WIND MACHINE turns out of the wind. (See also: BATTERY CUT-OUT)

F - vitesse de disjonction

S - velocidad de interrupcion

CYLINDER[edit | edit source]

(hydr). In hydraulic systems, a short, hollow metal tube containing a piston, piston rod, and end seals, and fitted with a system to allow the entrance and exit of FLUIDS.

F - cylindre

S - cilindro

D[edit | edit source]

DAM[edit | edit source]

(hydr). A structure that detains the FLOW of water in an open CHANNEL or watercourse. POWER dams raise the level of streams or rivers to create or concentrate HEAD for power purposes.

F - barrage

S - represa

DAMPER[edit | edit source]

(heat). A movable plate or other device for regulating the air-FLOW and burning rate in a stove. It is often located either inside the stove or in the FLUE pipe.

F - registre

S - regulador de tiro

DARRIEUS ROTOR WINDMILL[edit | edit source]

(wind). A VERTICAL AXIS WIND MACHINE that has long, thin, loop-shaped BLADES connected at the top and bottom of the WIND SHAFT.

F - eolienne a rotor de Darrieus

S - molino de viento de rotor Darrieus

DC[edit | edit source]

(elec). Abbreviation for DIRECT CURRENT.

F - CC

S - C.C.

DDG[edit | edit source]

(alc). Abbreviation for DISTILLER'S DRIED GRAINS. (See: DISTILLER'S GRAINS)

F - GSB

S - G.S.D.

DDGS[edit | edit source]

(alc). Abbreviation for DISTILLER'S DRIED GRAINS and SOLUBLES. (See: DISTILLER's GRAIN)

F - G.S.B.S.

S - G.S.D.S.

DEAD AIR SPACE[edit | edit source]

(constr) (sol). An empty area within the walls of a building in which the air remains motionless and acts as insulation. Dead air space may be included in a SOLAR COLLECTOR between the ABSORBER PLATE and the GLAZING, between glazings, and in the CASING.

F - espace d'air inerte

S - espacio de aire no renovado

DEAD CURB[edit | edit source]

(wind) (arc). A ledge supporting the CAP of a WINDMILL without the interposition of WHEELS or ROLLERS.

F - chemin dormant

S - reborde

DEADMAN[edit | edit source]

(wind). A log or a mass of concrete or steel buried in the ground, to which GUY WIRES for supporting towers and poles are attached.

F - point fixe d'ammarage

S - macizo de anclaje

DECOMPOSITION[edit | edit source]

(bio) (chem). Decay of ORGANIC MATTER due to the action of BACTERIA. Also the separation of a substance into its component parts by chemical action.

F - decomposition

S - descomposicion

DEEP CYCLE BATTERY[edit | edit source]

(elec) (wind). A BATTERY that can be fully charged and discharged without shortening its life. They are often used with WIND GENERATORS.

F - batterie a cycle profond

S - bateria de gran ciclo

DEGREE DAY COOLING[edit | edit source]

(gen) (meas). A measurement used to evaluate the summer cooling requirements of a given location. Each degree that the daily temperature is above 75 [degrees] F (24 [degrees] C), one cooling degree day is counted.

F - degre-jour de refroidissement

S - enfriamiento de grado-dia

DEGREE DAY HEATING[edit | edit source]

(gen) (meas). A measurement used to determine the winter heating requirements of a given location. Each degree that the daily temperature is below 65 [degrees] F (19 [degrees] C) is a heating degree day.

F - degre-jour de chauffage

S - calefaccion de grado-dia

DEHYDRATION[edit | edit source]

(gen). The removal of moisture from a substance.

F - deshydratation

S - deshidratacion

DENATURE[edit | edit source]

(alc). The process of adding a substance, often METHANOL, to ETHANOL to make it unfit for human consumption.

F - denaturer

S - desnaturalizar

DEPHLEGMATOR[edit | edit source]

(alc). (See: ALCOHOL STILL)

F - deflegmateur

S - desflegmador

DESIGN HEAT LOAD[edit | edit source]

(heat) (meas). The total heat loss from a building during the most severe winter conditions the building is likely to experience.

F - charge thermique nominale

S - carga de calefaccion prevista

DESSICANT[edit | edit source]

(gen). A substance with an affinity for water, used for drying purposes.

F - dessiccatif

S - desecante

DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION[edit | edit source]

(alc) (gen). The heating, DECOMPOSITION, and subsequent DISTILLATION of FLUIDS from ORGANIC MATTER (e.g., METHANOL production from wood).

F - distillation destructive

S - destilacion destructora

DETENTION TIME[edit | edit source]

(biocon) (meas). The amount of time that incoming material is retained in a BIOGAS DIGESTER.

F - temps de retention

S - periodo de detencion

DIFFUSED RADIATION[edit | edit source]

(sol). Indirect, scattered sunlight, which casts no shadow. It is the opposite of DIRECT RADIATION.

F - rayonnement diffus

S - radiacion difusa

DIFFUSION[edit | edit source]

(chem). The process by which a substance of a greater CONCENTRATION mixes with a substance of a lesser concentration to produce a uniform mixture.

F - diffusion

S - difusion

DIGESTED SLUDGE[edit | edit source]

(biocon). The residue remaining after DIGESTION. Digested sludge contains some UNDIGESTED SOLIDS and stabilized ORGANIC MATTER.

F - boues digerees

S - sedimento digerido

DIGESTED SLURRY[edit | edit source]

(biocon). (See: DIGESTED SLUDGE)

F - boue digeree

S - fango digerido

DIGESTER[edit | edit source]

(biocon). The tank in which ANAEROBIC DIGESTION takes place.

F - digesteur

S - digestor

DIGESTER TANK[edit | edit source]

(bio). The reservoir area in a BIOGAS DIGESTER in which DIGESTION of ORGANIC MATTER takes place. It usually has some gas holding capacity, and provides For the collection and removal of SCUM and SLUDGE.

F - reservoir digesteur

S - tanque digestor

DIGESTION[edit | edit source]

(biocon). The process by which ORGANIC MATTER is decomposed by the action of ANAEROBIC BACTERIA, producing METHANE and high-grade fertilizer.

F - digestion

S - digestion

DILUTION RATE[edit | edit source]

(biocon) (meas). The frequency with which water is added to a BIOGAS DIGESTER.

F - taux de dilution

S - tasa de dilucion

DIRECT CONVERSION[edit | edit source]

(sol). The transformation of sunlight to electricity without an intervening thermodynamic cycle.

F - conversion directe

S - conversion directa

DIRECT CURRENT[edit | edit source]

(elec). A continuous, one-directional FLOW of electricity, such as that from a BATTERY. Commonly abbreviated as dc.

F - courant continu

S - corriente continua

DIRECT GAIN SYSTEM[edit | edit source]

(sol). (See: DIRECT SOLAR GAIN)

F - gain direct, systeme de

S - sistema de ganancia directa

DIRECT METHODS OF SOLAR HEATING[edit | edit source]

(sol). SOLAR HEATING techniques in which SOLAR RADIATION enters a building through windows and SKYLIGHTS and is trapped inside to warm a room.

F - chauffage solaire direct

S - metodos directos de calefaccion solar

DIRECT RADIATION[edit | edit source]

(sol). Sunlight that has traveled a straight path from the sun. It is the opposite of DIFFUSED RADIATION.

F - rayonnement direct

S - radiacion directa

DIRECT SOLAR ENERGY[edit | edit source]

(sol). ENERGY acquired From conversion of DIRECT RADIATION.

F - energie solaire directe

S - energia solar directa

DIRECT SOLAR GAIN[edit | edit source]

(sol). A PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING system in which SOLAR RADIATION passes through and warms a room in a dwelling before being stored in THERMAL MASS for longterm heating.

F - apport solaire direct

S - ganancia solar directa

DISCHARGE PIPE[edit | edit source]

(hydr) (biocon). [1] The pipe through which water exits from a WATER TURBINE. [2] The outlet for EFFLUENT from a BIOGAS DIGESTER.

F - [1] tube de decharge; [2] tuyau d'evacuation

S - tubo de descarga

DISTILLATE[edit | edit source]

(alc). The portion of a liquid that is removed from a solid or semisolid as a vapor and CONDENSED during the DISTILLATION process. ETHANOL is a distillate of FERMENTED MASH. (See also: SOLAR DISTILLATE)

F - distillat

S - destilado

DISTILLATION[edit | edit source]

(alc). An evaporation and recondensation process by which liquids are separated into various fractions according to their boiling points. ETHANOL is separated by distillation from MASH and water.

F - distillation

S - destilacion

DISTILLATION COLUMN[edit | edit source]

(alc). (See: STILL COLUMN)

F - colonne de distillation

S - columna de destilacion

S DRIED GRAIN[edit | edit source]

(DDG) (alc). (See: DISTILLER'S GRAIN)

F - grains secs de brasserie

(GSB)

S - grano seco de destilacion

(GSD)

S GRAIN[edit | edit source]

(alc). A by-product of ETHANOL production. Once ethanol has been driven from the MASH in an ALCOHOL STILL, the remaining solids are known as distiller's grain. When dried, these grains can be used as high protein animal feed. The dried distiller's grain commonly is abbreviated as DDG. (Syn: BREWER'S DRIED GRAIN)

F - grains de distillerie

S - grano de destilacion

S MASH[edit | edit source]

(alc). (See: SPENT MASH)

F - mout de distillateur

S - mezcla de destilacion

DOUBLE CHAMBER[edit | edit source]

(biocon). A type of BIOGAS DIGESTER in which the GASHOLDER is separate from the DIGESTER TANK.

F - chambre double

S - camara doble

DOUBLE-GLAZING[edit | edit source]

(sol). [1] A cover for a SOLAR COLLECTOR that is made from two layers of GLAZING materials. [2] Double-glass windows designed to serve as insulation for buildings.

F - [1] vitre double; [2] double vitrage

S - vidriado doble

DOUBLE-SHUTTERED[edit | edit source]

(wind) (arc). PATENT SAILS or SPRING SAILS fitted with SHUTTERS on both sides of the WHIP.

F - double volets, a

S - doble postigo

DOWNCOMER[edit | edit source]

(alc) (impl). A component of an ALCOHOL STILL. When water is separated from ALCOHOL during DISTILLATION, the water falls toward the bottom of the STILL COLUMN through a pipe called a downcomer.

F - deversoir

S - tubo de descenso

DOWNDRAFT[edit | edit source]

(gen) (prod). [1] A type of PRODUCER GAS GENERATOR in which air and gas FLOWS from the top of the COMBUSTION ZONE down through to the bottom. [2] KILNS or other types of ovens and stoves in which CONVECTION or combustion air flows down through the device.

F - [1] tirage en bas; [2] tirage inverse

S - corriente descendiente

DOWNWIND[edit | edit source]

(wind). On the side opposite the WIND DIRECTION.

F - sous le vent

S - con el viento

DRAFT[edit | edit source]

(heat). The FLOW of air through a KILN, stove, oven, fireplace, PRODUCER GAS GENERATOR, etc. Draft affects both temperature and rate of combustion.

F - tirage

S - tiro de aire

DRAG[edit | edit source]

(wind). An aerodynamic force that retards the motion of lift-type ROTOR blades, or that causes BLADE motion in DRAG-TYPE WIND MACHINES.

F - trainee

S - resistencia aerodinamica

DRAG-TYPE SYSTEM[edit | edit source]

(wind). WIND MACHINES that are actuated by aerodynamic DRAG in a WIND STREAM (e.g., SAVONIUS ROTOR).

F - type a trainee, systeme du

S - sistema del tipo de arrastre

DRAG-TYPE WIND MACHINE[edit | edit source]

(wind). A WIND MACHINE that rotates by being pushed by the wind instead of by being driven by LIFT forces. This is generally a slow-moving device.

F - eolienne a trainee

S - aerogenerador del tipo de arrastre

DRAIN DOWN SOLAR COLLECTOR[edit | edit source]

(sol). A SOLAR COLLECTOR that will automatically drain itself to protect against freezing.

F - capteur solaire a evacuation automatique

S - colector solar con drenaje

DRY BIOMASS[edit | edit source]

(gen). Moisture-free BIOMASS. It is valuable because it can be conveniently stored for long periods of time. (See also: DRY ORGANIC WASTE)

F - biomasse seche

S - biomasa seca

DRY-BULB TEMPERATURE[edit | edit source]

(meas). The temperature of air as indicated by a standard thermometer, as contrasted with WET-BULB TEMPERATURE that depends on atmospheric humidity. This measure of AMBIENT temperature is used in designing PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING and SOLAR COOLING systems.

F - temperature au thermometre sec

S - temperatura de bola seca

DRY DIGESTION[edit | edit source]

(biocon). DIGESTION in which more than 10 percent of the SLURRY is solid material.

F - digestion seche

S - digestion seca

DRYING BED[edit | edit source]

(biocon). An area prepared for drying EFFLUENT after it hs been removed from a METHANE DIGESTER. Dried effluent can be used as fertilizer or as animal feed.

F - lit de sechage

S - lecho secador

DRY ORGANIC WASTE[edit | edit source]

(gen). ORGANIC WASTE that is free from moisture. This type of waste can be stored for long periods before being used as a fuel or fertilizer. (See also: DRY BIOMASS)

F - dechets organiques secs

S - desperdicios organicos secos

DRY SLURRY[edit | edit source]

(biocon). SLURRY that is more than 10 percent solid material.

F - boue seche

S - fango seco

DRY STEAM[edit | edit source]

(geo). An ENERGY source obtained when hot water boils in an underground reservoir. As the steam rises, some of it condenses on surrounding rack. The uncondensed steam that reaches the surface is called dry steam, and may be tapped and used in STEAM TURBINES.

F - vapeur seche

S - vapor seco

DUAL-FUEL ENGINE[edit | edit source]

(auto) (gen). A gasoline or diesel engine equipped to operate on an alternative fuel, either alternately or in combination (e.g., gasoline-BIOGAS, diesel-biogas, gasoline-WOOD GAS, diesel-wood gas).

F - moteur polycarburant

S - motor a doble combustible

DUNG[edit | edit source]

(bio). Manure, usually without urine. Dried dung can be burned directly as a fuel or used as a fertilizer.

F - fumier

S - estiercol

DUNG GAS[edit | edit source]

(biocon). (See: BIOGAS)

F - gaz de fumier

S - gas de estiercol

DYNAMO[edit | edit source]

(elec). A device for converting mechanical ENERGY into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction. Dynamos are often adapted to be driven by WINDMILLS. (See also: ALTERNATOR)

F - dynamo

S - dinamo

DYNAPOD[edit | edit source]

(gen) (impl). A pedal-operated POWER source. It is used to drive a variety of machines and devices.

F - dynapod

S - dynapod