File:Simple water treatment plant.png

Snapshot of a 3D model of a simple water treatment plant. Note that although conventional water treatment plants are very good in removing the major debris, sand, it is more difficult to remove microbial organisms and filter out toxic components (e.g. arsenic). Careful management and monitoring are needed for adequate water purification, along with suitable processes to match the raw water's characteristics.

To kill residual pathogens, chlorination is used, or (more recently) UV-filters (which are widely believed to have environmental and possibly health advantages). Chlorination has a key advantage for distribution systems: the important residual disinfectant power, which resists re-infection.

To remove toxic components, additional carbon filters can be effective. Arsenic can be removed with other techniques such as the Sono arsenic filter, which uses iron oxides.^{[verification needed]}

To make potable water, solar water distillation plants or reverse osmosis water treatment plants (to filter water from the sea or from storm water or wastewater) are alternatives, but with current technology they are more expensive.^{[verification needed]}

1. archimedean screws
2. coarse sieve
3. fine sieve
4. grit chamber
5. adding of alumium sulphate & lime
6. pre-settling basin
7. activated sludge basin
8. settling basin
9. filtering basin
10. chlorination
11. rotary screw sludge thickener
12. anaerobic digester
13. methane gas collection

References[edit | edit source]

Main workings:

• http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/h2o4.htm
• http://water.me.vccs.edu/courses/env110/Lesson1_print.htm
• http://www.hhrestoration.net/images/water-processing.jpg
• http://water.me.vccs.edu/courses/env110/Lesson4_print.htm

Archimedean screw:

• http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/ApMech_img040.jpg

Grit chamber:

• http://web.archive.org/web/20160731052710/http://www.smithandloveless.com/Products.aspx?CategoryUid=31&ProductUid=205

Pre-settling basin:

• http://web.archive.org/web/20131117110555/http://nptel.iitm.ac.in:80/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/wasteWater/Lecture%206.htm
• http://water.me.vccs.edu/courses/env110/Lesson5_print.htm
• http://open.jorum.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/1015/Items/T210_1_section24.html

Activated sludge basin:

• http://www.thewatertreatments.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Aeration.jpg
• http://web.archive.org/web/20130325031951/http://www.flushgordon.info:80/wwtps.htm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_sludge

Settling basin:

• http://open.jorum.ac.uk/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/1015/Items/T210_1_section24.html
• http://web.archive.org/web/20131117110555/http://nptel.iitm.ac.in:80/courses/Webcourse-contents/IIT-KANPUR/wasteWater/Lecture%206.htm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sedimentation_tank.jpg

Filtering basin:

• http://water.me.vccs.edu/courses/env110/Lesson6_print.htm

Chlorination:

• http://chlorination.us/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/chlorination-sewage-treatment.JPG

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Uploaded	January 31, 2012 by KVDP
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