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==References==
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Revision as of 04:30, 20 February 2012

Template:305inprogress


The proposed location for the barn.
Floorplan, earthen mound, and preliminary plans for south interior/west exterior walls.

Background

This project is to build a barn for the Tule Fog Farm in Arcata,CA while at the same time converting a brownfield into a productive space for agriculture. Construction has to be completed this spring, since there are many new animals on the way.
The green roof will provide insulation for the interior of the barn, as well as provide an area where animals can graze. It will also improve the appearance of the location, what now looks like a mess will become an attractive view with a purpose. This barn will also be constructed using locally sourced wood.

Problem statement

The objective of this project is to provide an indoor space for pigs and goats that is protected from the weather, while also restoring a previous brownfield and improving the overall natural landscape.

Criteria

Criteria Constraints Weight (0-10)
Housing for animals Barn must house at least 10 animals at a given time 10
Waterproof roofing Roof lining must retain water and have proper drainage 9
Locally sourced or reclaimed materials Structure must use as many locally sourced or re-used construction materials 6
Functioning green roof Roof must not leak, must provide growing habitat for grasses and other plants 8
Aesthetics Must be visually appealing from house and road 5
Safety Must be safe inside and on top of roof for people and animals 10
Rainwater catchment Rain from roof must be collected and used for animal drinking water 2
Removable walls between stalls Walls must be removable between stalls to change indoor layout and provide outdoor access 3
Roof access Animals must be able to access roof for grazing 2


Literature Review

This is a review of the available literature regarding barn construction and grass roofing.


Roof Weight

Formula to calculate the weight of soil on a grass roof: Soil Load(psf)=Soil Density(lb/ft3) x (Soil Depth (inches)/12)

Estimated Weights

Roof Gardens Intensive 100 psf live load
Landscaped Roofs Extensive 20 psf live load

[1]

Grass Roof Layers

Underneath the plants and soil, green roofs need a filter, drainage layer, and a root barrier and waterproofing (which can be combined) by using a pond-liner. Diagram of layers for a grass roof [2]

Water Retention

Compared to conventional roofing, vegetated roofs retain significantly more storm water. A vegetated roof retains about 60% of storm water, compared to a gravel roof, which only retains about 27%. The depth of the substrate and the slope of the roof affect how much water is ultimately retained, and when the roof reached capacity, any excess water will become runoff. [3]

Barn Flooring

Most animal housing has either wooden, concrete, dirt, or gravel flooring.

Concrete Flooring

Concrete floors are relatively easy to keep clean, but they do get cold, which can be unhealthy and uncomfortable for animals. Concrete flooring also puts unnecessary strain on animals' legs. Sleeping benches can be constructed to provide opportunities for the animals to have a warmer place to sleep. Bedding or rubber mats can also be implemented to keep animals off the hard ground. [4] [5]

Dirt Flooring

Bare earth floors are simple and affordable, and can have a layer of gravel over them to improve drainage. They are not as hard as concrete floors, which reduces strain on animals' legs and also provides them with a warmer place to sleep. [4]

Wood Flooring

Wooden floors can be problematic in brans or stables because the moist environment can cause them to rot out relatively quickly. [4]

Piggery Design

The building referenced in this book was built against a brick wall, with the roof sloping towards this wall. interior stalls were 3' tall and connected both to an interior walkway, as well as providing access to outside with a door in each stall. [6]

Stall Sizing

Stall Type Recommended Size
Ewe or Doe Maternity Pen 25 sq. ft.
Calf <400lbs 15 sq. ft.
Calf 400-800lbs 25 sq. ft.
Sow Maternity Pen 64 sq. ft.

[7] NOTE: Pigs that will be using this barn are about 200lbs, while most pigs, which were used to estimate these dimensions, weigh about 700lbs. Since the pigs are less than 1/3 the size of "regular" pigs, smaller pens are appropriate.

Costs

Quantity Material Source Cost ($) Total ($)
Wood Location 2300.00 2300.00
1 90lb Grout Location 50.00 50.00
9 10 ft. Rebar Lumberyard 10.00 90.00
20 Outlet Boxes Location 3.00 60.00
2 Hose Spigot Location 5.00 10.00
1 Sand/Gravel Mix Location 100.00 100.00
1 16x21' Pond Liner Location 500.00 500.00
16 Windows On-Site 0.00 0.00
1 Misc. Hardware Location 200.00 200.00
Total Cost $3310.00

References

  1. Jones, Matthew. Green Roof Structural Design Powerpoint. Pdf. http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/topic/lidconference07/Post%20Conference%20Green%20Roof/3.Jones.Green%20Roof%20Structural%20Design.pdf
  2. "Green Roof Guidelines." Green Roof Guidelines . http://www.greenroofguide.co.uk/.
  3. VanWoert, Nicholaus D. , D. Bradley Rowe, Jeffrey A. Andresen, Clayton L. Rugh, R. Thomas Fernandez, and Lan Xiao. "Green Roof Stormwater Retention." Journal of Environmental Quality 43, no. 3 (2004): 1036-1044. https://www.soils.org/publications/jeq/articles/34/3/1036 (accessed February 10, 2012).
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Ekarius, Carol. How to build animal housing: 60 plans for coops, hutches, barns, sheds, pens, nest boxes, feeders, stanchions, and much more. North Adams, MA: Storey Pub., 2004. 26-27
  5. Belanger, Jerome D.. Storey's guide to raising dairy goats. Pownal, Vt.: Storey Books, 2001. 52-54
  6. Halsted, Byron D.. Barns and outbuildings and how to construct them. New York: Skyhorse Pub., 2011.
  7. Ekarius, Carol. How to build animal housing: 60 plans for coops, hutches, barns, sheds, pens, nest boxes, feeders, stanchions, and much more. North Adams, MA: Storey Pub., 2004. p.6
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