Main page
New page
Upload file
Help
Community portal
Recent changes
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Enable dark mode
Enable read mode
Log in
View history
What links here
Related changes
Page information
Editing
Transformation Induced Plasticity "TRIP" Steel
(section)
From Appropedia
Warning!
You are not logged in.
Log in
or
create an account
to have your edits attributed to your username rather than your IP, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
== Improving fuel efficiency of automobiles == TRIP steels are an ideal choice for structural materials in automobiles. They have the ductility and stable work hardening necessary to withstand high deformation processes such as stamping. As well, their high tensile strength makes them ideal for highly stressed components. Finally, they have excellent energy absorption properties because of their ductility and strength, which can improve vehicle safety during a crash. Because of these beneficial properties, TRIP steels could be used in smaller quantities to replace current steel components. This is known as "down-gauging", where thinner sheets of steel are used to form components. === Weight reduction estimate === Approximately 55 percent of the mass of an average passenger car is made of steel.<ref name="[11]">"How Much Steel is there in the Average Car?", Driving Today, September 15 (1999), Available:http://www.drivingtoday.com:80/wcco/news_this_week/1999-09-15-306-driving/index.html</ref> It has been shown that the volume of a mild steel formed sheet can be reduced by 20 percent by using TRIP steel, while maintaining the same stiffness.<ref name="[12]">W. Li & Al., "Application of TRIP Steel to Replace Mild Steel in Automotive Parts", International Conference on Advanced High Strength Sheet Steels for Automotive Applications Proceedings, 31-36, June 2004</ref> Therefore, it can be assumed that the use of TRIP steel could reduce the mass of steel on a vehicle by 20 percent, and the total vehicle mass by 11 percent. === Effect of weight reduction on fuel efficiency === The percentage of consumed fuel that goes directly into recovering inertial losses from braking is 5.8 percent.<ref name="[13]">"Advanced Technologies and Fuel Efficiency", Available: http://www.fueleconomy.gov/FEG/atv.shtml</ref> The weight savings from using TRIP steel would reduce the amount of inertial losses by 11 percent, because kinetic energy is directly proportional to mass. This means that using TRIP steels could lead to a reduction in total fuel consumption of 0.64 percent. ''Please note this is an extremely conservative assumption as rolling resistance{{W|rolling resistance}} is also dependent on mass and was not included in this example.'' === Magnitude of effect on a global scale === If we assume that an average passenger vehicle consumes 10L/100km (23.5 mpg), and that an average car travels 20 000 km (12500 miles) in one year, the weight savings translate to an annual fuel consumption reduction of 12.8 liters (3.33 gallons). In 2007, there were 136 billion passenger cars in the United States.<ref name="[14]">"Number of U.S. Aircraft, Vehicles, Vessels, and Other Conveyances", Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Available: http://web.archive.org/web/20170717020755/https://www.bts.gov/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_01_11.html</ref> This means that using TRIP steels in vehicle fabrication has the potential to reduce fuel consumption by 1.74 billion liters (460 million gallons). This represents a carbon dioxide emissions reduction of 4.18 billion kg (1.9 billion lbs), which is a reduction of 0.07% of the total United States carbon dioxide emissions.<ref name="[15]">"CO2 Emissions per Capita United States", Google Public Data, Available: http://www.google.com/publicdata?ds=wb-wdi&met=en_atm_co2e_pc&idim=country:USA&q=us+carbon+dioxide+emissions</ref>
Summary:
Warning!
All contributions to Appropedia are released under the CC-BY-SA-4.0 license unless otherwise noted (see
Appropedia:Copyrights
for details). If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then do not submit it here! You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource.
Do not submit copyrighted material without permission!
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Cookies help us deliver our services. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies.
OK
Discussion