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Small-Scale Oil Extraction from Groundnuts and Copra (ILO - WEP, 1983, 128 p.)

• (introduction...)
• Acknowledgements
• Preface
• CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
  • I.1 Scope of the memorandum
  • I.2. Oilseeds considered in the memorandum
  • I.3. Technologies covered by the memorandum and target audience
  • I.4. Summary of remaining chapters
• CHAPTER II. PRE-PROCESSING OF COCONUTS AND GROUNDNUTS
  • II.1. Raw materials
    • II.1.1. Copra
    • II.1.2. Groundnuts
  • II.2 Pre-processing of coconuts
    • II.2.1 Harvesting
    • II.2.2 Husking
    • II.2.3 Shelling
    • II.2.4 Drying
    • II.2.5 Bagging
    • II.2.6 Storage
  • II.3. Pre-processing of groundnuts
    • II.3.1. Harvesting
    • II.3.2. Field drying
    • II.3.3. Shelling
    • II.3.4. Bagging
    • II.3.5. Storage
• CHAPTER III. OIL EXTRACTION FROM GROUNDNUTS AND COPRA
  • III.1: Power ghani mill
    • III.1.1. Pretreatment stages
    • III.1.2. Oil extraction by pressing
    • III.1.3. Post-treatment stages
    • III.1.4. Ancillary stages
    • III.1.5. Equipment
    • III.1.6. Daily requirements
    • III.1.7. Labour requirements
    • III.1.8. Layout of operations
    • III.1.9. Daily output
  • III.2. Baby expeller mill
    • III.2.1. Pretreatment stages
    • III.2.2. Oil extraction by pressing
    • III.2.3. Post-treatment stages
    • III.2.4. Ancillary stages
    • III.2.5. Equipment
    • III.2.6. Daily requirements
    • III.2.7. Labour requirements
    • III.2.8. Layout of operations
    • III.2.9. Daily output
  • III.3. Small package expeller mill
    • III.3.1. Pretreatment stages
    • III.3.2. Oil extraction by pressing
    • III.3.3. Post-treatment stages
    • III.3.4. Ancillary stages
    • III.3.5. Equipment
    • III.3.6. Daily requirements
    • III.3.7. Labour requirements
    • III.3.8. Layout of operations
  • III.4. Medium and large expeller mills, solvent extraction plants and wet-processing plants
    • III.4.1. Medium expeller mills
    • III.4.2. Large expeller mills
    • III.4.3. Solvent extraction plants
    • III.4.4. Wet-processing (for copra only)
• CHAPTER IV. ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF OIL PROCESSING
  • IV.1. Methodological framework for the estimation of production costs and revenues
  • IV.2. Assumptions made in economic evaluation of alternative oil extraction technologies
    • IV.2.1. Fixed investment cost factors
    • IV.2.2. Interest rates and discount factors1
    • IV.2.3. Raw material prices
    • IV.2.4. Annual cost of various inputs used in oil extraction and packaging
    • IV.2.5. Wages
    • IV.2.6. Product prices
  • IV.3. Case study: two-ghani-power mill
    • IV.3.1. Two-ghani (power) unit mill: oil extraction from copra
    • IV.3.2. Two-ghani (power) unit mill: oil extraction from groundnuts
  • IV.4. Economic comparison of alternative oil extraction technologies
    • IV.4.1. Total investment costs
    • IV.4.2. Annual costs and revenues
    • IV.4.3. Annual gross profits
  • IV.5. Break-even prices of raw materials and oil
    • IV.5.1. Break-even prices of raw materials
    • IV.5.2. Break-even prices of oil
    • IV.5.3. Concluding remarks on raw materials and oil prices
• CHAPTER V. SOCIO-ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE OIL EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
  • V.1. Employment impact
  • V.2. Skills requirements
  • V.3. Investment and foreign exchange costs
  • V.4. Multiplier effects
  • V.5. Energy and water requirements
  • V.6. Suggested policy measures for the promotion of suitable oil extraction technologies
• APPENDICES
  • Appendix. I: Present worth of an annuity factor
  • Appendix II: Equipment manufacturers
  • Appendix III: List of institutions and agencies involved in oil extraction
  • Appendix IV: List of directories which provide information on equipment manufacturers
  • Appendix V: Selected list of journals on oil extraction
  • Appendix VI: Selected bibliography