Literature review acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic recylling: Difference between revisions

Michigan Tech's Open Sustainability Technology LabContact Dr. Joshua Pearce at Free Appropriate Sustainable Technology.

MOST · Projects & Publications · Methods · Lit. reviews · People · Sponsors · News · Updates on Twitter · YouTube

Read more...

This page is a literature review.Feel free to edit this page and add sources and summaries.Read more...

Increasing strength and Bioactivity of collagen scaffolds using customizable arrays of 3D-printed polymer fibers

• Mozdzen, L.C., Rodgers, R., Banks, J.M., Bailey, R.C. and Harley, B.A., 2016. Increasing the strength and bioactivity of collagen scaffolds using customizable arrays of 3D-printed polymer fibers. Acta biomaterialia, 33, pp.25-33.

1. Waste Electrical and electronic equipment are more with the advancements in technology. WEEE is more of ABS, undergoes aging by the exposure to heat or UV light as it undergoes chemical composition changes.
2. Mechanical properties are poor with of recycled ABS, its ductility was increased with the addition of SEBS / PA; but decreases rigidity.
3. Experiment material – rABS, virgin ABS, chain extender Joncryl-ADR – reaction was carried out between rABS and ADR-4370s at 190-210 Celsius
4. Comparison between mechanical properties – impact strength of rABS, virgin ABS, rABS+CE
5. Spectra from 4000-650cm^-1
6. Study states aging process of ABS is to be studied properly based on the chemical structure changes then the rABS performance can be enhanced. Suggested is to use epoxy based chain extender to the connect the broken chain to react with carboxyl group. Addition of CE content in the rABS shows dramatic changes in the molecular weight and the polydispersity index. CE content rises the notch impact strength and tensile strength up to specific range only.
7. Study states that the CE recovers the policies properties of the recycled ABS compared to virgin ABS.
8. Paper discusses more of efforts put to achieve environmental sustainability by maintaining the societal and economic development into consideration, also a detailed chemical processes are mentioned of PLA production.

cradle to cradle design for 3D printing

• Chonga, S., Chiub, H.L., Liaob, Y.C., Hungc, S.T. and Pand, G.T., 2015. Cradle to Cradle® Design for 3D Printing. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, 45. [1]

1. Techniques involved in 3D printing are fused filament fabrication and stereolithographic. Reclamation and regeneration of waste makes the process more effective.
2. Discusses the properties of printing filaments of different polymers. Types of 3D printers based on applications are mentioned
3. Community repositories; RepRap and Fab@Home introduced.
4. Cradle to Cradle processes mentioned follows as recycled plastic washed and made into flakes and made available as raw material in form of filaments for the use in 3D printers.
5. Study overall states the guidelines for material recycling and sustainable 3D printer industry

Plating on acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS) plastic: a review

• Olivera, S., Muralidhara, H.B., Venkatesh, K., Gopalakrishna, K. and Vivek, C.S., Plating on acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) plastic: a review. Journal of Materials Science, pp.1-18. [2]

1. Discusses briefly the mechanisms of electroplating processes and its benefits. Also the ABS properties are discussed such that it is supposed to be the best choice for the electroplating and the modern additive manufacturing processes, termed as cost effective.
2. Difference between electroless plating and electroplating is stated.
3. Historical background of ABS, detailed physical and chemical properties and manufacturing and plating processes on ABS are stated.
4. reasons for overcoming chrome and metal baths in plating process, market trends for electroplating; metallic bilayer coating of PPy/ABS, copper coating on the PPy/ABS – activated surface of ABS, electrolytic chrome plating is discussed.
5. Article focuses mostly on making plating eco-friendly method and its benefits like increasing mechanical adhesion, esthetical and corrosion resistance

Applications of life cycle assessment to nature works polylactide (PLA) production

• Vink, Erwin TH, et al. "Applications of life cycle assessment to NatureWorks™ polylactide (PLA) production." Polymer Degradation and stability 80.3 (2003): 403-419. [3]

1. Dr. Gruber Developed a process of converting lactic acid into lactide and purification and polymerization of lactide
2. To check the efficiency on social, economic and environmental scale LCA was used
3. Cargill Dow’s PLA is 100% compostable polymer, article explains PLA production process; direct condensation and ring-opening polymerization through Lactide intermediate, sustainable approach of polymerization. Usage of PLA- packaging, film and fiber application.
4. Suggests the potential threats to environment by polymer production from fossils. Also applications of LCA are mentioned along with its stages and attributes for public and legal concern.
5. Briefly stated Life Cycle Analysis and its advantages, LCA begins with the corn growing then transportation, dextrose production, Lactic acid production and lactide to PLA production. And its results state that the process is fossil-energy free and source of carbon credits.

Effect of Reprocessing and Accelerated Weathering on Impact-Modified Recycled Blend

Environmental Assessment in Production of Electronic components - Possibilities and obstacles of LCA methodology

• Kiddee, Peeranart, Ravi Naidu, and Ming H. Wong. "Electronic waste management approaches: An overview." Waste Management 33.5 (2013): 1237-1250.[4]

1. In the production of semiconductors, the obstacles observed are cited.
2. Manufacturing processes of printed circuit boards and electronic integrated circuits are advancing with the need to calculate its environmental impact.
3. However serious issues in assessments are the variability and uncertainty in data collection of the chemicals and disposal of products.
4. To increase the efficiency of the process and deal with the missing data screening method ProTox is used which declares the hazardous substance on MSDS sheets.
5. Study overall concludes that for the LCA of complex telecommunication applications other methods such with integrated knowledge are essential so as to study the variability and scenario with the consumer.

Distributed Recycling of Waste Polymer into RepRap Feedstock

• Baechler, Christian, Matthew DeVuono, and Joshua M. Pearce. "Distributed recycling of waste polymer into RepRap feedstock." Rapid Prototyping Journal 19.2 (2013): 118-125.[5]

1. RepRap is a low cost rapid prototypers which allows the fabrication of products, these machines are used as small scale manufacturing. Waste plastic extrusion is a way to sustainable development as it cut downs the cost and carbon emissions required for the transport, transfer and collection of waste.
2. Plastic waste was used as a feed-stock and a filament testing is carried out based on its density and diameter and life cycle analysis was attempted to evaluate the electricity used for the process.
3. Compatibility between the extruder and the 3D printer is required for the low cost high quality prints and certain other factors were considered so as to make is environmentally feasible and economically viable.
4. Test conducted with high density polyethylene (HDPE) and filament consistency, energy used and time taken were calculated.
5. Results based on the quality of filament and the energy consumption required for LCA states that the energy requirement using recycled feedstock is much lower than the virgin material.
6. Paper states the favorable conditions for the installation extruders and the costs involved. Few deficiencies at the first installations are mentioned so as to overcome it further.