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== | == Hybrid cars == | ||
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Hybrid cars are the most important evolution to a Carbon Neutral way of driving, because most of the time you only drive short ways. So you can go full electric and also it’s possible to have a longer range with the combustion engine. There are different types of the concept for hybrid power cars. <br /><br /> | Hybrid cars are the most important evolution to a Carbon Neutral way of driving, because most of the time you only drive short ways. So you can go full electric and also it’s possible to have a longer range with the combustion engine. There are different types of the concept for hybrid power cars. <br /><br /> | ||
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• ''Plug-in hybrid'': The plug-in hybrid is usually a general fuel-electric (parallel or serial) hybrid with increased energy storage, usually through a li-ion battery, which allows the vehicle to realize a full –electric drive mode. The distance depends on the battery size and its mechanical layout. | • ''Plug-in hybrid'': The plug-in hybrid is usually a general fuel-electric (parallel or serial) hybrid with increased energy storage, usually through a li-ion battery, which allows the vehicle to realize a full –electric drive mode. The distance depends on the battery size and its mechanical layout. | ||
== | == Sensors and Radar == | ||
There are a lot sensors and radar systems in our cars. We use them every day, mostly we don’t know that they exist. The most popular sensors are parking-, fuel-, temperature- and ultrasound-sensors. | There are a lot sensors and radar systems in our cars. We use them every day, mostly we don’t know that they exist. The most popular sensors are parking-, fuel-, temperature- and ultrasound-sensors. | ||
The word sensor comes from the Latin and means feel. It is a component, which can detect physical or chemical properties. For example: Sunshine, temperature, pressure, brightness, PH, Ion-Intensity, and much more. | The word sensor comes from the Latin and means feel. It is a component, which can detect physical or chemical properties. For example: Sunshine, temperature, pressure, brightness, PH, Ion-Intensity, and much more. | ||
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Parking Sensors measure distance between you and another car. In the beginning they started with passive systems. For example: At a lorry were extra flexible components at the fender, which can be used from the driver as landmarks by parking. But today, we have mostly active systems: | Parking Sensors measure distance between you and another car. In the beginning they started with passive systems. For example: At a lorry were extra flexible components at the fender, which can be used from the driver as landmarks by parking. But today, we have mostly active systems: | ||
=== | === Ultrasound Systems === | ||
Ultrasound Systems are mounted at the bumper of the car. You can distinguish between 2-, 4- or 6-Sensors. The more sensors, the more accuracy. These sensors send and receive ultrasound. On this way the Signals will be evaluated from the control unit. The control unit compare the sender signals with the receiver signals and calculate than the distance. | Ultrasound Systems are mounted at the bumper of the car. You can distinguish between 2-, 4- or 6-Sensors. The more sensors, the more accuracy. These sensors send and receive ultrasound. On this way the Signals will be evaluated from the control unit. The control unit compare the sender signals with the receiver signals and calculate than the distance. | ||
The first working ultrasound system in a car were produced from Toyota 1982 for the middle class car Corona. | The first working ultrasound system in a car were produced from Toyota 1982 for the middle class car Corona. | ||
=== | === Radar Systems === | ||
Parking aid with radar systems is possible since the development of the short wave millimetre wave radar. The method is the same like the ultrasound system. But here, you don’t need extra sensors in the bumper. The distance adjustment system will be used also for parking aid. You won’t have extra costs, but sometimes when it’s raining the radar system gives you wrong signals, because the water is running on the bumper. | Parking aid with radar systems is possible since the development of the short wave millimetre wave radar. The method is the same like the ultrasound system. But here, you don’t need extra sensors in the bumper. The distance adjustment system will be used also for parking aid. You won’t have extra costs, but sometimes when it’s raining the radar system gives you wrong signals, because the water is running on the bumper. | ||
Revision as of 23:40, 19 January 2015
Hybrid cars
Hybrid cars are the most important evolution to a Carbon Neutral way of driving, because most of the time you only drive short ways. So you can go full electric and also it’s possible to have a longer range with the combustion engine. There are different types of the concept for hybrid power cars.
Different system structures
• Series hybrid: Series-hybrid cars are driven by the electric motor with no mechanical connection to the engine. Instead there is an engine for running a generator to get the energy for the electric motor.
• Parallel hybrid: In a parallel hybrid car, the single electric motor and the internal combustion engine are installed such that they can power the vehicle either individually or together.
• Power-split hybrid: In a power-split hybrid electric drive vehicle there are two motors, an electric motor and an internal combustion engine. The power from these two motors can be shared to drive the wheels or regenerate power for the batteries.
Different Hybrid types
• Mild hybrid: These types use a generally compact electric motor to provide auto-stop/start features and to provide extra power assist during the acceleration, and to generate on the deceleration phase
• Full hybrid: Full hybrid vehicles with an electromotive power of more than 20 kW / t can purely drive on electric power and therefore it is the basis for a series hybrid.
• Plug-in hybrid: The plug-in hybrid is usually a general fuel-electric (parallel or serial) hybrid with increased energy storage, usually through a li-ion battery, which allows the vehicle to realize a full –electric drive mode. The distance depends on the battery size and its mechanical layout.
Sensors and Radar
There are a lot sensors and radar systems in our cars. We use them every day, mostly we don’t know that they exist. The most popular sensors are parking-, fuel-, temperature- and ultrasound-sensors. The word sensor comes from the Latin and means feel. It is a component, which can detect physical or chemical properties. For example: Sunshine, temperature, pressure, brightness, PH, Ion-Intensity, and much more. In the following I will explain the most popular sensor in a car: 1. Parking Sensors Parking Sensors measure distance between you and another car. In the beginning they started with passive systems. For example: At a lorry were extra flexible components at the fender, which can be used from the driver as landmarks by parking. But today, we have mostly active systems:
Ultrasound Systems
Ultrasound Systems are mounted at the bumper of the car. You can distinguish between 2-, 4- or 6-Sensors. The more sensors, the more accuracy. These sensors send and receive ultrasound. On this way the Signals will be evaluated from the control unit. The control unit compare the sender signals with the receiver signals and calculate than the distance. The first working ultrasound system in a car were produced from Toyota 1982 for the middle class car Corona.
Radar Systems
Parking aid with radar systems is possible since the development of the short wave millimetre wave radar. The method is the same like the ultrasound system. But here, you don’t need extra sensors in the bumper. The distance adjustment system will be used also for parking aid. You won’t have extra costs, but sometimes when it’s raining the radar system gives you wrong signals, because the water is running on the bumper.
Sources
1. Parking aid: 18.01.2015 at 1:17pm
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einparkhilfe
2. Sensors: 18.01.2015 at 2:38pm
http://www.kfztech.de/kfztechnik/elo/sensoren/sensoren.htm
3. Sensors: 18.01.2015 at 4.03pm
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor