[Category: MY 5490-PV technology and IP impacts on PV]
Intellectual property and access to clean energy technologies in developing countries[edit | edit source]
Barton, John H. "Intellectual property and access to clean energy technologies in developing countries." ICTSD Issue Paper 2 (2007).
Link[edit | edit source]
Intellectual property and access to clean energy technologies in developing countries
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- reducing greenhouse effects.
- explore possibilities of IP barriers to access clean technology in developing countries.
- IP in renewable sector reduces monopoly in marketing due to competition between numerous patents and continuously updating technology.
- even after facing oligopoly, developing countries with small firms can obtain license on reasonable terms due to large competition on this sector.
- research in photovoltaic is mainly government funded.
- just like Humanitarian clauses developed nations may release their patent license for publicly funded inventions in favor of importance of environment.
- more importance to remove unnecessary trade in renewable sector.
- litigation issues on photovoltaic appliances.[1]
Placing a glove on invisible hand:how intellectual property rights may impede innovation in energy researach and development(R & D)[edit | edit source]
Sovacool, Benjamin K. "Placing a Glove on the Invisible Hand: How Intellectual Property Rights May Impede Innovation in Energy Research and Development (R& (and) D)." Alb. LJ Sci. & Tech. 18 (2008): 381.
Link[edit | edit source]
Abstract[edit | edit source]
Contrary to the impassioned view that strong intellectual property
rights always spur innovation, this Article focuses on how a host of intellectual property barriers may impede the diffusion of renewable energy technologies, clean coal systems, and alternative vehicles. High transaction costs, legal and structural problems at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, cognitive biases, anti- competitive patent techniques, and disintegrating government -university -industry partnerships can prevent the innovation and diffusion of clean energy technologies. Quick and decisive action may be warranted to overcome these barriers if greenhouse gas reducing energy systems are to reach commercialization
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- IP barriers impeding diffusion of renewable technologies.
- factors which affect and prevents the innovation and diffusion of technology.
- uncertainty concerns related to future energy prices and tax advantages is main barrier which prevents investors to invest in renewable energy projects and products
- solutions for structural barriers.
- importance of unearthing the IP barriers.
- reasons for unearthing the IP barriers.
CLEAN TECH REALITY CHECK: NINE INTERNATIONAL GREEN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER DEALS UNHINDERED BY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS[edit | edit source]
Lane, Eric L. "Clean Tech Reality Check: Nine International Green Technology Transfer Deals Unhindered by Intellectual Property Rights." Browser Download This Paper (2010).
Link[edit | edit source]
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- discussion on significant technology transfer between developed countries and developing countries without facing IP barrier.
- difference between developed nation and low-income countries for patent protection policy.
- few examples proves that proposals which weaken the IP rights are not necessary for clean tech transfers between countries.
Study of the Linkages between Innovation and Intellectual Property[edit | edit source]
Jain, Karuna, Mukundan Raghavan, and Shishir K. Jha. "Study of the linkages between innovation and intellectual property." Management of Engineering & Technology, 2009. PICMET 2009. Portland International Conference on. IEEE, 2009.
Link[edit | edit source]
of the Linkages between Innovation and Intellectual Property
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- introduction to strategic(SMP),innovation(IMP),technology management(TMP)
- IP system and variables affecting them.
- Proposed firm level IP system.
- relation between IP system components (SMP,IMP,TMP) and diffusion impactors as well as photovoltaic.
On the use of Photovoltaic ambient energy sources for powering indoor electronic devices[edit | edit source]
Randall, Julian F. On the use of photovoltaic ambient energy sources for powering indoor electronic devices.no. 22,25. No. LPM-STUDENT-2003-001. 2003.
Link[edit | edit source]
the use of Photovoltaic ambient energy sources for powering indoor electronic devices
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)
- Analysis of numerous abstract for indoor photovoltaic sensor (example).
- protected technology in application specific way.
- no Intellectual property protection for extending the concept technology for different applications.
IP landscape for Photovoltaics[edit | edit source]
Bauer, C. E., and H. J. Neuhaus. "The IP landscape for photovoltaics." Electronics System-Integration Technology Conference, 2008. ESTC 2008. 2nd. IEEE, 2008.
Link[edit | edit source]
=Keypoint[edit | edit source]
- rudimentary valuation of IP within Photovoltaic field.
- key questions and methodologies to analyze photovoltaics and IP landscape.
- categories for photovoltaic patents and patent application.
- visualization of data for increase in Photovoltaic patent application.
- benefit of deep understanding of IP landscape in terms of future prospective.
Compulsory Licensing in TRIPS: Chinese and Indian Comparative Advantage in the Manufacture and Exportation of Green Technologies[edit | edit source]
Gupta, Rishi R. "Compulsory Licensing in TRIPS: Chinese and Indian Comparative Advantage in the Manufacture and Exportation of Green Technologies." Sustainable Development Law & Policy 12.3 (2013): 5.
Link[edit | edit source]
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- trouble accessing newest and most effective technology for financially trapped developing countries.
- compulsory licensing is often criticized because of its potential harm to economic growth in patent holding countries and the expansion of future green technologies.[2]
- royalty: licensor pay the patent holder.
Evaluation of the commercial potential of novel organic photovoltaic technologies[edit | edit source]
Barr, Jonathan Jonathan Allan. Evaluation of the commercial potential of novel organic photovoltaic technologies. Diss. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005.
Link[edit | edit source]
of the commercial potential of novel organic photovoltaic technologies
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- advantages of organic photovoltaics.
- neccessity of IP for companies and individuals from profit point of view.
- importance of previous patent studies.
- strengthening IP to begin commercialization in coming years.
Business, market and intellectual property analysis of polymer solar cells[edit | edit source]
Nielsen, Torben D., et al. "Business, market and intellectual property analysis of polymer solar cells." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 94.10 (2010): 1553-1571.
Link[edit | edit source]
market and intellectual property analysis of polymer solar cells
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- comparison between future business potential and current performance in thin film photovoltaic market.
- introduction to polymer solar cell.
- ability of polymer cell to replace photovoltaic technology.
- performance and cost analysis of different photovoltaic technology.
- description of intellectual property and patent rights.
- protection for high tech investment.
- competitive thin film photovoltaic market
- advantage of settlement of disputes about patent infringements.
Differentiated intellectual property regimes for environmental and climate technologies[edit | edit source]
Maskus, Keith. "Differentiated intellectual property regimes for environmental and climate technologies." OECD Environment Working Papers 17 (2010): 0_1.
Link[edit | edit source]
intellectual property regimes for environmental and climate technologies
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- sharp differences between developed and developing countries for climate change policy regarding IPR fostering ITT.(international tech transfer)
- ex-ante extensions
- proposals outside IP regime to encourage tech transfer
- focus on reforming global IPR system on environmental sound technologies.
- few policy recommendations and possible effects.
Open solar photovoltaic systems optimization[edit | edit source]
Pearce, Joshua M., Adegboyega Babasola, and Rob Andrews. "Open solar photovoltaic systems optimization." VentureWell. Proceedings of Open, the Annual Conference. National Collegiate Inventors & Innovators Alliance, 2012.
Link[edit | edit source]
Open solar photovoltaic systems optimization
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- effect of restrictive IP rights on university and institutions in terms of innovations.
- factors which maintain IP in companies.
- comparing innovation barrier due to IP in other fields with PV.
- business monopoly and example.
- patent violation with industry growth and effect on solar PV.
- open source framework.
- intellectual integrity and MOU(memorandum of understanding).
Intellectual property and alternatives: strategies for green innovation[edit | edit source]
Reichman, Jerome H., et al. "Intellectual property and alternatives: strategies for green innovation." Intellectual Property Rights: Legal and Economic Challenges for Development (2014): 356.
Link[edit | edit source]
Intellectual property and alternatives: strategies for green innovation
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- IPR issues to be addressed for externality increase in GHG.
- obtaining quantitative information about patent rights in green technology is not easy.
- important technical areas in which future potential patenting may have issues and its evidences.
- moderately concentrated PV industry choice for patents as a substitute for others.
- various alternatives for licensing and patenting.
Globalizing the Energy Revolution-How to Really Win the Clean-Energy Race[edit | edit source]
Levi, Michael, et al. "Globalizing the Energy Revolution-How to Really Win the Clean-Energy Race." Foreign Aff. 89 (2010): 111.
Link[edit | edit source]
the Energy Revolution-How to Really Win the Clean-Energy Race
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- comparison of green tech with other fields
- global climate change negotiations used by emerging economies to relax patent rules in developing countries.
- argument on weakening IP rules for developing countries, stating that it obstructs tech transfer.
- factors which matter for advance patent and technology in terms of diffusion & application.
- open investment and trade policies as essential jump start to spread technology fast.
- intellectual property insurance.
Intellectual returnees as drivers of indigenous innovation: evidence from the Chinese Photovoltaic Industry[edit | edit source]
Luo, Siping, Mary E. Lovely, and David Popp. Intellectual returnees as drivers of indigenous innovation: evidence from the Chinese Photovoltaic Industry. No. w19518. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2013.
Link[edit | edit source]
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- evidence on native innovations and intellectual returnees by estimating relationships between Chinese photovoltaic firms and corporate ladders.
- parallel diffusion of international technologies with native innovations.
- reasons behind incremental innovation explosion in China
- IP conflicts with in weak IP protection architecture.
Overcoming the impasse on intellectual property and climate change at the UNFCCC: A way forward[edit | edit source]
Abdel-Latif, Ahmed, et al. "Overcoming the impasse on intellectual property and climate change at the UNFCCC: A way forward." (2011).
Link[edit | edit source]
the impasse on intellectual property and climate change at the UNFCCC: A way forward
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- dual role of IP
- exclusion of patentability for green technology in developing and poor low-income countries.
- few suggested modification in existing IP framework in favor of environmental friendly technology.
Photovoltaic industry and market investigation[edit | edit source]
Yan, Huimin, Zhizhi Zhou, and Huayong Lu. "Photovoltaic industry and market investigation." Sustainable Power Generation and Supply, 2009. SUPERGEN'09. International Conference on. IEEE, 2009.
Link[edit | edit source]
industry and market investigation
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- photovoltaic market
- cost analysis of pv
- policy recommendations
- reasonable change in IP structure to promote innovations and R&D.
Managing intellectual property rights in cross-border clean energy collaboration: The case of the US–China Clean Energy Research Center[edit | edit source]
Lewis, Joanna I. "Managing intellectual property rights in cross-border clean energy collaboration: The case of the US–China Clean Energy Research Center." Energy policy 69 (2014): 546-554.
Link[edit | edit source]
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- US – China clean energy research center.
- new IP generation
- technology management plan (TMP)
- key issues related to IP protection in conjunction with international, collaborative research.
Assessing the drivers of regional trends in solar photovoltaic manufacturing[edit | edit source]
Goodrich, Alan C., et al. "Assessing the drivers of regional trends in solar photovoltaic manufacturing." Energy & Environmental Science 6.10 (2013): 2811-2821.
Link[edit | edit source]
the drivers of regional trends in solar photovoltaic manufacturing
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- qualitative factors for factory siting decisions
- Importance of IP protection for advance tech scenario.
- high tech manufacturer supports heavily for IP protection rights.
- advantage of stronger IP protection in US for commercialization.
- importance of market access in future.
Addressing the green patent global deadlock through Bayh-Dole reform[edit | edit source]
Ouellette, Lisa Larrimore. "Addressing the green patent global deadlock through Bayh-Dole reform." Yale LJ 119 (2009): 1727.
Link[edit | edit source]
the green patent global deadlock through Bayh-Dole reform
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- insufficient cap-and-trade system to reduce greenhouse emission.
- critical to increase research in green tech
- impeding technology dissemination.
- trade off between innovation and access.
- treaty climate change issues to put forth negotiation proposals for weakening the IP rights.
- reason for delay in reaching and addressing climate change issue globally on one platform.
- commercialization theory.
- current US IP laws disadvantage and suggested way to improvise on that.
The bumpy road to low carbon development: Insights from changes in the innovation system of China’s photovoltaic industry[edit | edit source]
Fischer, Doris. "The bumpy road to low carbon development: Insights from changes in the innovation system of China’s photovoltaic industry." The 8th GLOBELICS International Conference. 2010.
Link[edit | edit source]
[file://homedir.mtu.edu/home/Desktop/316%20Doris%20Fischer.pdfThe bumpy road to low carbon development: Insights from changes in the innovation system of China’s photovoltaic industry]
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- necessity to distinguish between technology availability and its application in PV field in China.
- putting less stress on IP rights as a barrier in efficient technology transfer.
- specific targets for PV industries.
- PV industry goals in China and weak IP protection causing strong competition in weak competitive environment.
Developing and Diffusing Green Technologies: The Impact of Intellectual Property Rights and their Justification[edit | edit source]
Chu, Jonathan MWW. "Developing and Diffusing Green Technologies: The Impact of Intellectual Property Rights and their Justification." Washington and Lee Journal of Energy, Climate, and the Environment 4.1 (2012): 53.
Link[edit | edit source]
and Diffusing Green Technologies: The Impact of Intellectual Property Rights and their Justification
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- Technological and non-technological IP rights.
- positive and negative impacts of IP rights.
- joint ventures suppressing impediments caused by IP rights.
Climate Change and Intellectual Property Rights for New Plant Varieties[edit | edit source]
Sinha, Tapen, and Bradly J. Condon. "Climate Change and Intellectual Property Rights for New Plant Varieties." (2011)
Link[edit | edit source]
Change and Intellectual Property Rights for New Plant Varieties
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- comparing IPR for pharmaceutical and renewable sectors.
- different approaches towards IP policies in developed and developing countries.
- faulty IPR regimes and its affect on innovation.
- incentives on innovation because of IPR and relationship with purchasing power of developing countries.
Evaluation of the commercial potential of novel organic photovoltaic technologies[edit | edit source]
Barr, Jonathan Jonathan Allan. Evaluation of the commercial potential of novel organic photovoltaic technologies. Diss. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005.
Barr, Jonathan Jonathan Allan. "Evaluation of the commercial potential of novel organic photovoltaic technologies." PhD diss., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005.
Link[edit | edit source]
of the commercial potential of novel organic photovoltaic technologies
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- organic photovoltaic technology
- intellectual property importance from profit point of view for private investors.
- importance of ownership of key patents.
- technological sectors to be studied thoroughly for creation and modification from innovation point of view in PV.
- IPR from competitive advantage point of view in industries.
WHAT ARE THE OPTIONS OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR SOUTH AFRICA?[edit | edit source]
Poulton, Wendy, Steve Lennon, and Laurie Steenkamp. "WHAT ARE THE OPTIONS OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR SOUTH AFRICA?."
Link[edit | edit source]
ARE THE OPTIONS OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR SOUTH AFRICA?
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- share of technology
- consideration of IP for nation specific technology transfer.
- government provided conducive environment for technology transfer.
- IP and know-how secrecy as a obstruction for technology transfer .
- Eskom-Shell solar home initiative through joint venture.
Intellectual Property Rights and International Technology Transfer to Address Climate Change[edit | edit source]
Maskus, Keith E., and Ruth L. Okediji. "Intellectual Property Rights and International Technology Transfer to Address Climate Change." (2010).
Link[edit | edit source]
Property Rights and International Technology Transfer to Address Climate Change
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- qualitative review of patenting in Solar PV as well as other renewable energy fields.
- protection for existing patents with moderate improvements and feature causing emerging substitute technologies in market.
- price restrained due to competition.
- numerous sources for licensing at reasonable cost.
- economic perspective for IPR.
Intellectual Property Rights: The Role of Patents in Renewable Energy Technology Innovation[edit | edit source]
Isaka, Mirei. "Intellectual Property Rights: The Role of Patents in Renewable Energy Technology Innovation." International Renewable Energy Agency 17 (2013).
Link[edit | edit source]
Property Rights: The Role of Patents in Renewable Energy Technology Innovation
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- what is patent and how do they work?
- technology life cycle and innovation in RET (Renewable Energy Technology).
- how important it is to disclose the patent information to public from future technology development point of view.
- patent ownership and licensing.
- monitoring and planning for innovation through patent base platform.
- PV industries and their patent holding position (because of dispersed patents no companies are in position to monopolize their market and business.
Patenting and access to clean energy technologies in developing countries[edit | edit source]
Barton, John. "Patenting and access to clean energy technologies in developing countries." WIPO Magazine 2 (2008).
Link[edit | edit source]
and access to clean energy technologies in developing countries
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- PV sector and its competitive sectors.
- IP as a barrier to export market of PV.
The role of patent protection in (clean/green) technology transfer[edit | edit source]
Hall, Bronwyn H., and Christian Helmers. The role of patent protection in (clean/green) technology transfer. No. w16323. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010.
Link[edit | edit source]
role of patent protection in (clean/green) technology transfer
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- patent protection may be neither useful nor available in some settings for green technology issues.
- impacts of IPR on PV in India, China and Brazil for technology transfer.
- import tariffs on photovoltaic and wind energy as a barrier for technology transfer and development.
- strengthening IPR for emerging economies with positive impact on domestic development.
Photovoltaic technology development: A perspective from patent growth analysis[edit | edit source]
Liu, John S., et al. "Photovoltaic technology development: A perspective from patent growth analysis." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 95.11 (2011): 3130-3136.
Link[edit | edit source]
technology development: A perspective from patent growth analysis
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- cross-correlation to analyze the direct impact on price hike of crude oils and PV technology development.
- relation between price hike for crude oil and PV development with one year lag.
- classification of patents.
- 10 year lag between solar cell market and PV technology development and implication.
Against intellectual property[edit | edit source]
Kinsella, N. Stephan. "Against intellectual property." Journal of libertarian studies 15.2; SEAS SPR (2001): 1-54.
Link[edit | edit source]
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- different types of Intellectual Property and its aspects such as patent, copyright, trademarks and trade secrets.
- problem related to creation based approach in protecting creations.
Do stronger intellectual property rights increase international technology transfer? Empirical evidence from US firm-level data[edit | edit source]
Branstetter, Lee G., Raymond Fisman, and C. Fritz Foley. "Do stronger intellectual property rights increase international technology transfer? Empirical evidence from US firm-level panel data." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 121.1 (2006): 321-349.
Link[edit | edit source]
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- Firm IPR to support technology transfer between countries.
- strong IPR spurs domestic innovation.
- IPR reform and conditions to be met.
Interrelation between patenting and standardization strategies: empirical evidence and policy implications[edit | edit source]
Blind, Knut, and Nikolaus Thumm. "Interrelation between patenting and standardization strategies: empirical evidence and policy implications." Research Policy 33.10 (2004): 1583-1598. ==Link==
between patenting and standardization strategies: empirical evidence and policy implications
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- tremendous increase in patent applications.
- trade off between patent information disclosure against assurance of limited monopoly awarded by state
- protection of technological know-how and its impacts are given in conclusion part.
Global prospects, progress, policies, and environmental impact of solar photovoltaic power generation[edit | edit source]
Hosenuzzaman, M., et al. "Global prospects, progress, policies, and environmental impact of solar photovoltaic power generation." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 41 (2015): 284-297.
Link[edit | edit source]
prospects, progress, policies, and environmental impact of solar photovoltaic power generation
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- 0.9% contribution from Solar, Wind, Geothermal and Heat among other.renewable energy sources which totally contributes 13% for global energy demand.
AAAS PROJECT ON SECRECY AND OPENNESS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-OVERVIEW[edit | edit source]
CHALK, R. "AAAS PROJECT ON SECRECY AND OPENNESS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-OVERVIEW." SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY & HUMAN VALUES 51 (1985): 28-35.
Link[edit | edit source]
PROJECT ON SECRECY AND OPENNESS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-OVERVIEW
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- good example for understanding of IP with the help of comparing apple exchanged between two people and idea exchanged between two people.
- openness in science and methods of solving conflicts.
A new generalized detailed balance formulation to calculate solar cell efficiency limits[edit | edit source]
Honsberg, Christiana B., Richard C. Corkish, and Stephen P. Bremner. "A new generalized detailed balance formulation to calculate solar cell efficiency limits." Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001.
Link[edit | edit source]
new generalized detailed balance formulation to calculate solar cell efficiency limits
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- solar cell efficiency calculation using thermodynamics or balanced equations.
- factors affecting the efficiency calculations.
- higher efficiency obtained using new approaches.
Optimised antireflection coatings for planar silicon solar cells using remote PECVD silicon nitride and porous silicon dioxide[edit | edit source]
Nagel, Henning, Armin G. Aberle, and Rudolf Hezel. "Optimised antireflection coatings for planar silicon solar cells using remote PECVD silicon nitride and porous silicon dioxide." Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 7.4 (1999): 245-260.
Link[edit | edit source]
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- Silicon Nitride (SiN) films fabricated by remote plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (RPECVD).
- electronic passivation of silicon surface.
- ideal candidate for surface passivating ARC on solar cell.
- use of EVA between glass and solar cell to prevent penetration of humidity into PV module.
- neccessity of optimization.
- refractive indices and extinction coefficient of materials to be considered by optimization procedure.
- currently used PV modules mentioned in conclusion.
- reduced short circuit current density in encapsulated solar cells than non-capsulated.
- optimized AR coating to improvise the performance.
Realization of a near-perfect antireflection coating for silicon solar energy utilization[edit | edit source]
Kuo, Mei-Ling, et al. "Realization of a near-perfect antireflection coating for silicon solar energy utilization." Optics letters 33.21 (2008): 2527-2529.
Link[edit | edit source]
of a near-perfect antireflection coating for silicon solar energy utilization.
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- single layer, double layer & artificially modified surface structure for reflectance at specific angles, range of wavelengths & alternate sub wavelength structure respectively.
- final reflectance of AR dependency on smoothness of the index profile.
- theoretical modelling of several graded index profile has predicted low reflectance for broad range of wavelengths.
- oblique angle deposition role.
- 1-6% reflection for solar application.
- reduction of optical reflection over all wavelengths of sunlight and incident angles using multilayer antireflection coating.
Efficiency enhancement of GaAs photovoltaics employing antireflective indium tin oxide nanocolumns[edit | edit source]
Yu, Peichen, et al. "Efficiency enhancement of GaAs photovoltaics employing antireflective indium tin oxide nanocolumns." Advanced materials 21.16 (2009): 1618-1621.
Link[edit | edit source]
enhancement of GaAs photovoltaics employing antireflective indium tin oxide nanocolumns
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- importance of AR, reduction of recombination losses, and good ohmic contacts.
- optimization of metal grids.
- efficiency limiting factors such as trade off between electrode and AR coating.
- SWS (sub-wavelength structure) AR coating.
- surface recombination losses due to dry or wet itching prevents SWS technology to be used commercially.
- tapered column profiles to function as a graded refractive index profile.
- verification of excellent AR characteristics at an incident angle 70° for wavelength range of 350-900nm.
- efficiency boosting strategy for next generation photovoltaics.
Silica and silica-like films and method of production[edit | edit source]
Meredith, Paul, and Michael Harvey. "Silica and silica-like films and method of production." U.S. Patent No. 7,642,199. 5 Jan. 2010..
Link[edit | edit source]
and silica-like films and method of production
Abstarct[edit | edit source]
A method of producing a silica or silica-like coating by forming a precursor formulation from oligomeric organosilicate. The precursor formulation is coated on a substrate as a continuous liquid phase. The precursor formulation is then cured in an ammoniacal atmosphere to produce a continuous, interconnected, nano-porous silica network.
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- use of silica or silica-like films used as an AR coating and/or anti fogging and/or protective coatings.
- precursor formulation.
- formations of oxide using sol-gel process.
- sol-gel process is complex, costly, requires high temperature and/or surfactant for templating as well as films made using this process are easy to damage.
A highly abrasive-resistant, long-lasting anti-reflective coating for PV module glass[edit | edit source]
Pop, Sergiu C., et al. "A highly abrasive-resistant, long-lasting anti-reflective coating for PV module glass." Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC), 2014 IEEE 40th. IEEE, 2014.
Link[edit | edit source]
highly abrasive-resistant, long-lasting anti-reflective coating for PV module glass
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- use of ARC to reduce surface reflection and to increase the efficiency.
- focus of PV industry on levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) thus trying to make more durable and high-performance ARC glass.
- abrasive resistance obtained at low process temperature with denser coatings and chemically derives.
- coating longevity for new coating is 4 times greater than existing coatings.
- coatings with high durability is needed to extended use of PV modules.
Design and Optimization of Wide Angle Passivation and Antireflection Coating for N-Type High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells[edit | edit source]
Wang, Lisheng, and Fengxiang Chen. "Design and Optimization of Wide Angle Passivation and Antireflection Coating for N-Type High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells." Photonics and Optoelectronics (SOPO), 2011 Symposium on. IEEE, 2011.
Link[edit | edit source]
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- N type silicon cell passivation using Al2O3.
- 30° as the optimal angle for AR film designing.
- weighted average reflectivity of SiNx/ Al2O3 AR film is higher than the SiO2/SiNx/ Al2O3 coating. Thus efficient reduction in light reflection using SiO2/SiNx/ Al2O3 coating.
- few optimal layer parameters are given at the end of conclusion.
Solar power generation by PV (photovoltaic) technology: a review[edit | edit source]
Singh, Girish Kumar. "Solar power generation by PV (photovoltaic) technology: a review." Energy 53 (2013): 1-13.
Link[edit | edit source]
power generation by PV (photovoltaic) technology: a review
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- solar energy- very abundant and in exhaustive energy source.
- conversion of sunlight into electricity directly using PV modules or indirectly using concentrated solar power.(CSP).
- energy conversion depends on PV panel as well as practical system has overall low efficiency.
- weather conditions also affect the efficiency factor and explained using one example in introduction part.
- tracking system to track maximum sun intensity to give maximum output power and hence increasing efficiency.
- arrangement of PV modules is series-parallel configuration depending upon the energy requirements.
- cell photo current Iph, reverse saturation current Id, series resistance Rs, shunt resistance Rsh are important parameters to be considered for efficient solar cell designing.
- energy generation using solar energy is suitable for off-grid applications.
On realizing higher efficiency polymer solar cells using a textured substrate platform[edit | edit source]
Nalwa, Kanwar S., et al. "On realizing higher efficiency polymer solar cells using a textured substrate platform." Advanced Materials 23.1 (2011): 112-116.
Link[edit | edit source]
realizing higher efficiency polymer solar cells using a textured substrate platform
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- Low cost organic photovoltaic (OPV) as a favorable technology.
- light absorption is increased by 100% and high wavelength photons are trapped.
- 20% improvement in PCE as compared to flat PV cell.
- enhancement of optical absorption in OPV using collector mirror.
- higher efficiency OPV with active layer on textured light trapping substrates.
Photovoltaic technology: the case for thin-film solar cells[edit | edit source]
Shah, Arvind, et al. "Photovoltaic technology: the case for thin-film solar cells." science 285.5428 (1999): 692-698.
Link[edit | edit source]
technology: the case for thin-film solar cells
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- domination of wafer based crystalline silicon solar cell modules in terms of production.
- thin-film crystalline solar cell as a prominent candidate from future perspective.
- Photogeneration.
- conversion of photons in electron-hole pairs to generate electricity which is primarily dependent upon bandgap energy Eg of semiconductor material.
- for absorption of photons, photons energy hʋ > Eg.
- almost more than 80% solar cell produced today are crystalline solar cells.
- production volume of PV modules increasing continuously so there is possibility to have issues on availability of raw materials, production aspects and ecological considerations.
- efficient light trapping technologies used in indirect bandgap materials eliminates the use of direct bandgap materials.
Efficient hybrid solar cells based on meso-superstructured organometal halide perovskites[edit | edit source]
Lee, Michael M., et al. "Efficient hybrid solar cells based on meso-superstructured organometal halide perovskites." Science 338.6107 (2012): 643-647.
Link[edit | edit source]
hybrid solar cells based on meso-superstructured organometal halide perovskites.
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- meso superstructured solar cell (MSSC) with very less fundamental losses illustrated by generating open circuit voltage over 1.1 Volts, despite of narrower absorption bandgap of 1.55eV
- inert scaffold structures the absorber in such a way that it forces electrons to reside in and to be transported through the pervoskites.
- solution processed solar cell overcomes the fundamental losses of organic absorber and disordered metal oxides.
- MSSC delivering 10.9% power conversion efficiency under full sun illumination.
- improvements in increasing photo current, reducing series resistance for better fill factor to draw maximum power from solar cell modules.
Amorphous silicon alloy photovoltaic technology-from R&D to production[edit | edit source]
Guha, S., et al. "Amorphous silicon alloy photovoltaic technology-from R&D to production." MRS Proceedings. Vol. 336. Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Link[edit | edit source]
silicon alloy photovoltaic technology-from R&D to production
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- Key requirements for photovoltaic modules are low material cost, high efficiency with good stability, environmental safety and low manufacturing cost.
- using multijunction, multi-bandgap material initial efficiency was 11.8% and after 1000 h of sunlight soaking stable efficiency for module was 10.2%
- amorphous silicon alloy with thickness less than 1µm absorbs solar photons.
- triple junction structure solar cell module .
- high-efficiency multijunction cell requires high-quality reflector for efficient light trapping, high-efficiency cell components, high-quality doped layers, optimum matching of the component cells.
- function of back reflector.
PV-Tec: Photovoltaic technology evaluation center-design and implementation of a production research unit[edit | edit source]
Biro, D., et al. "PV-Tec: Photovoltaic technology evaluation center-design and implementation of a production research unit." Proceedings of the 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference. 2006.
Link[edit | edit source]
Photovoltaic technology evaluation center-design and implementation of a production research unit
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- standard solar cell process for mono and multi-crystalline silicon wafers is set up, serving as reference for PV technology innovation.
- baseline process which produces complete solar cells on large quantities.
OPAL 2: Rapid optical simulation of silicon solar cells[edit | edit source]
McIntosh, Keith R., and Simeon C. Baker-Finch. "OPAL 2: Rapid optical simulation of silicon solar cells." Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 2012 38th IEEE. IEEE, 2012.
Link[edit | edit source]
2: Rapid optical simulation of silicon solar cells
Keypoint[edit | edit source]
- freeware program OPAL 2 computes the optical losses within few seconds at any incident angles.
- dependency of optical losses on texture quality and surface texturing.
- ARC and surface texturing improves efficiency by increasing the solar absorption capacity.
- Reflection, absorption and transmission are dependent on thickness, refractive index and extinction coefficient.
- calculation of reflection, absorption and transmission should be calculated on every bounce of the light and should be combined all together to determine overall reflection, absorption and transmission.
- three principle components to OPAL 2 are ray tracing, equivalent current calculations and thin film optics.
- new morphology introduces hillocks and spherical caps.
High-efficiency photovoltaic technology including thermoelectric generation[edit | edit source]
Fisac, Miguel, Francesc X. Villasevil, and Antonio M. López. "High-efficiency photovoltaic technology including thermoelectric generation." Journal of Power Sources 252 (2014): 264-269.
Link[edit | edit source]
photovoltaic technology including thermoelectric generation
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- photovoltaic system are designed for applications which requires low power.
- efficiency is quite low and further decreases as temperature increases.
- temperature gradient in solar panel is used to supply thermoelectric cells which generates electricity, achieving the positive contribution to the total balance of the complete system.
- system comprised of photovoltaic and thermal technology can be a good way of using residual heat for electricity generation and increasing the efficiency.
- most important parameters of typical solar cell are open circuit voltage( Voc), short circuit current (Isc), reverse saturation current (Is), series resistance (Rs) and ideality factor (n).
- combination of Photovoltaic technology and Thermal technology can be used to increase the global efficiency parameter of the complete system.
Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy; latest developments in the building integrated and hybrid PV systems[edit | edit source]
Zahedi, Ahmad. "Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy; latest developments in the building integrated and hybrid PV systems." Renewable Energy 31.5 (2006): 711-718.
Link[edit | edit source]
photovoltaic (PV) energy; latest developments in the building integrated and hybrid PV systems
Keypoints[edit | edit source]
- use of solar photovoltaic energy system in off grid PV application in commercial as well as residential areas.
- 4 major applications of photovoltaic power system: off grid domestic photovoltaic system, : off grid non-domestic photovoltaic system, grid connected distribute photovoltaic system, grid connected centralize photovoltaic system.
- PV is often cost effective solution to energy service provision in developing coutries as well as developed coutries.
- net zero-energy building concept.
- research interests in new material, solar cell design improvements,product development etc.
References[edit | edit source]
- E.g. Plasma Physics Corp. v. Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., (USDC ND Ill, No. 88 C 2274, Oct 25, 1988).